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Ilyasov, Rustem A.,Park, Junhyung,Takahashi, Junichi,Kwon, Hyung Wook Sciendo 2018 Journal of apicultural science Vol.62 No.2
<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P><I>Apis cerana</I>is an Eastern honeybee species distributed throughout Asia and closely related to the Western honeybee species<I>Apis mellifera</I>distributed across all of Africa, Europe and Western Asia, and subdivided into thirty confirmed subspecies. Currently,<I>A. cerana</I>is an endangered bee species in contrast to<I>A. mellifera.</I>We sequenced and annotated the complete mitochondrial genome of<I>A. cerana</I>from the Jeollanam-do province of South Korea and uploaded to the DDBJ/Genbank database(AP018431). MtDNA sequence is 15.925 bp long, has 84% AT-content and 16% GC-content and contains 22 tRNA genes, 13 protein-coding genes, two ribosomal RNA genes, one AT-rich region and four non-coding intergenic regions (<I>NC1-4</I>). All protein-coding genes are started by ATT and ATG codons, except the genes<I>ATP8</I>and<I>ND4</I>, which started by ATC and ATA, respectively, and are stopped by the common codons TAA and TAG. A comparative analysis of the whole mtDNA sequences of<I>A. cerana</I>from Korea and Taiwan,<I>A. c. cerana</I>from China and<I>A. c. japonica</I>from Japan showed that the genetic divergence of the Korean<I>A. cerana</I>sample from subspecies<I>A. c. cerana</I>(2.57%) and<I>A. c. japonica</I>(2.58%) matched to the level of genetic divergence of mtDNA between animal subspecies (0.8-8%). Based on the comparative analysis of complete mtDNA (~16,000 bp), two nuclear gene<I>VG</I>and<I>EF1- α</I>sequences (~8,000 bp) and morphological measurements (six parameters), we assumed that Korean<I>A. cerana</I>, Chinese<I>A. c. cerana</I>and Japanese<I>A. c. japonica</I>are different subspecies at an early stage of sub-speciation and could be called further as subspecies of<I>Apis cerana koreana</I>.</P>
Rustem A. Ilyasov,Myeong‑Lyeol Lee,Ural Yunusbaev,Alexey Nikolenko,Hyung‑Wook Kwon 한국유전학회 2020 Genes & Genomics Vol.42 No.9
Background Marker-assisted selection is well established in animal breeding method of selecting individuals with desirable traits in a breeding scheme based on DNA molecular marker patterns. Objective Genetic diversity and C-derived admixture into local purebred gene pool of A. m. mellifera colonies was assessed using polymorphism of nine microsatellite loci in order to provide further marker-assisted selection of desired honey bee colonies. Methods The genetic diversity and the level of C-derived introgression into A. m. mellifera colonies in the Shulgan-Tash Nature Reserve (Russia) was assessed based on nine microsatellite loci (ap243, 4a110, A24, A8, A43, A113, A88, Ap049, A28), which were analized using the fragment analysis of the PCR products in Applied Biosystems 3130 DNA Analyzer. Phylogenetic relationship of colonies was evaluated using Neighbor-Joining methods with Cavalli-Sforza and Edwards genetic distance using the PHYLIP 3.68. The model-based Bayesian clustering algorithm implemented in STRUCTURE 2.3.3 was employed to infer membership and introgression proportions (Q-value). Results In the Shulgan-Tash Nature Reserve colonies of A. m. mellifera subdivided into four groups by level of C-derived introgression. Only fve colonies of A. m. mellifera had C-derived introgression which varied from 0.5 to 2%. The genetic diversity in colonies of A. m. mellifera varied from 0.12 to 0.40. The Neighbor-Joining tree demonstrates the genetic relationship of A. m. mellifera colonies, which subdivided into three groups with diferent levels of C-derived introgression. Group 1 combined fve honey bee colonies Bort_1, Bort_2, Bort_3, Baisalyan_1, and Kush_7 with a fraction of introgression close to 0.000 and genetic diversity from 0.20 to 0.25. Conclusion The results showed the excellence of nine microsatellite loci genotyping in estimation of genetic diversity, distinguishing the two European evolutionary lineages M and C and estimating C-derived introgression. These genetic parameters can be applied further to perform the marker-assisted selection of purebred dark European honey bees.
Behavioral and molecular responses of Aedes aegypti to ultrasound
김동인,Ilyasov Rustem,yunusbaev ural,Lee Sung-Hwa,권형욱 한국응용곤충학회 2021 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.24 No.1
Mosquito-borne infectious diseases cause mortality and global infectious disease burden worldwide. There are several electronic mosquito repellents (EMRs) based on ultrasound have been developed and commercialized to reduce human-mosquito contacts. However, the efficacy of EMRs against mosquitoes is still unclear. In this study, we present experimental evidence that ultrasound of different frequency and sound pressure differentially affects the host-seeking behavior of Aedes aegypti females. Behavioral tests were accompanied by molecular experiments to check whether mosquitoes respond to ultrasound and are there any changes in specific mRNA expression. Experiments in bioassays revealed that the ultrasound of 100 kHz frequency and 90–110 dB pressure signifi cantly disrupted CO₂-oriented olfactory behaviors and blocked indoor invasion. Furthermore, a long time (>24 h) exposure to 100 kHz frequency/90 dB pressure of ultrasound decreased attractive behaviors to human skin. At the molecular level, there was no change in expression of odorant receptor co-receptor (AaOrco) in ultrasound treated animals, while one of the CO 2 receptor genes, AaGr3, and putative hearing-related gene, AAEL009258, were down-regulated and up-regulated, respectively. Our study indicates that high frequency (100 kHz) and pressure (90–110 dB) of the ultrasound has repellent effects to olfactory–driven behaviors of mosquitoes.
김동인,김순일,정제원,Rustem A. Ilyasov,Duri Jang,이성화,권형욱 한국응용곤충학회 2019 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.22 No.2
Porous cellulose beads (Viscopearl) manufactured from wood pulp can provide gradual-release action for aromatic substances. Here we immersed lemongrass oil, xanthoxylum oil, and vanillin to apply mosquito repellents. The volatiles from this Viscopearl were analyzed to obtain information for quality control (QC) or specification using a GC–MS, and its standard compounds were determined as linalool, geranial, neral, and vanillin. In a test using a 20 L chamber, it was confirmed that their constant amounts were released continuously and they did not be affected by light. In another monitoring test for 47 days on the Viscopearl equipped with a commercialized air conditioner operated for 8 h every day under indoor conditions, the amounts of all released components increased in proportion to the open number of the pores on the module, which is a housing case containing the Viscopearl. In addition, the concentration of 8 major components including 3 standard QC compounds (linalool, geranial, and neral) in a repellency test room depended on both the ventilation and elapsed time. The vapor from the module did not affect main 7 plastic units of the air conditioner, whereas the Viscopearl equipped with an air conditioner showed good mosquito repellency under test chamber and room conditions that temperature, relative humidity, and carbon dioxide concentration were controlled at 24.8–25.4 °C, 63.8–65.7%, and 708–1383 ppm, respectively. Therefore, the plant essential oil-based repellent Viscopearl has high potential to be used as human protective agent against indoor mosquitoes by applying it to air conditioners.
Comparative Study of Olfactory Learning and Memory in Apis cerana and Apis mellifera Foragers
Jewon Jung,Dong In Kim,Rustem Ilyasov,Kilwon Kim,Hyung Wook Kwon 한국양봉학회 2017 韓國養蜂學會誌 Vol.32 No.4
The honeybee is an important invertebrate model organism for reward on learning and memory research. Its value as a model organism in this area is rooted in its impressive capacity for learning and memory formation. Many lines of research have been reported on learning and memory in the last few decades. However, most research on learning and memory in honeybees has been performed in the Western honeybee, Apis mellifera. Therefore, the cognitive capabilities in the Eastern honeybee, Apis cerana remain obscure, despite their biological and economical importance. In order to understand the differences of learning and memory performance in the two species of honeybees, we investigated classical olfactory conditioning according to an appetitive Pavlovian conditioning paradigm based on the olfactory conditioning of the proboscis extension response (PER). Our present study demonstrated that learning and memory performance was different between two honeybee species. During the acquisition phase, there was no statistical difference between two species. In the retention phase, A. cerana was significantly better on olfactory learning and memory than that of A. mellifera after 1 hour. On the other hand, A. mellifera showed higher learning scores than A. cerana after 24 hours. These findings extend our understandings of mechanisms underlying learning and memory capabilities, which is an important basis for the further study of behavioral responses to various ecological and biological signals in two closely related honeybee species.