코골기 환자의 두부규격 방사선학적 분석

노환중,정인교,양동규,김태규,김종렬 大韓顎顔面成形再建外科學會 1996 Maxillofacial Plastic Reconstructive Surgery Vol.18 No.3

Sonoring is caused by the repeated obstructions of versatile upper air way structure during sleep and is known as a kind of disease entity varing from simple snoring to obstructive sleep opnea syndrome(OSAS) which can cause serious cardiopulmonary complications due to its hypoxic pathophysiology. It has been reported that over 30% of middle-aged person have the problems of snoring and its accompanied symptomes and signs. Cephalometric measurements, frequently used to measure sella-nasion-subspinale(SNA) and sella-nasion-supramentale(SNB) angles, can provide the informations about the posterior airway space(PAS), the mandibular plane(MP) and the position of hyoid bone. These informations are useful in determining the therapeutic modalities of the snoring and OSAS patients. However, with conventional routine upright position, it does not represent the actual images of obstructive mechanism during sleep but only show the images of awaken normal upper airway anatomy. Therefore we have taken dual images of a routine upright lateral and a supine cephalometric view to compare both.

한·중 피의자 인신구속제도에 관한 연구

노정환 숭실대학교 법학연구소 2007 法學論叢 Vol.17 No.-

한ㆍ중 양국은 1992년 국교수립으로 냉전적 적대관계를 탈피한 이래 교역량이 폭발적으로 증가하는 등 세계 어느 나라보다도 중요한 관계를 형성하기 시작하였다. 인적교류 또한 지속적으로 증가하여, 2005년 한 해 평균 중국 방문 한국인 수가 354만여명에 이르고 중국 체류 한국인의 수도 45만여명에 이르며, 한국인의 중국 내 범죄건수가 해마다 증가하고 있다. 이러한 문제를 해결하기 위하여 1998년 한ㆍ중 양국은 형사사법공조조약을 체결하는 등 협조관계를 구축하여 왔다. 그러나 한ㆍ중 양국의 교류는 국교수립 이후 10여년이라는 극히 짧은 기간에 형성된 것이어서 그 동안 중국 형사사법제도에 대한 깊이 있는 연구가 축적되지 못하고 있으며, 특히 인신의 자유를 제한하는 인신구속제도에 대한 연구와 이해가 부족한 실정이다. 따라서 본 논문은 중국의 인신구속제도와 관련된 각종 문헌과 통계를 연구하고 분석하여 우리나라와 비교 연구함으로써 한ㆍ중 양국의 교류와 발전에 법적 기초를 쌓고 재중 한국인의 인권보호에 도움을 주고자 하며 아울러 한국 형사사법제도의 발전에 보탬이 될 것을 목적으로 한다. 그리하여 본 논문은 먼저, 제2장 '중국수사절차의 주요 특징'에서 중국에서의 수사의 개념, 수사기관, 입건제도에 대하여 고찰하였다. 그것은 중국의 형사소송은 수사의 개념이 서구의 것과 판이하게 다르고, 수사기관의 권한이 레닌의 검찰이론에 입각한 사회주의적 특성에 따라 분배되어 있으며, 입건관할이 인정되는 등 독특한 입건 제도가 운영되고 있기 때문이다. 따라서 중국의 수사절차의 주요 특징을 먼저 연구하고 이해함으로써 양국의 인신구속제도를 심도 깊게 연구하는 기초를 쌓고자 하였다. 다음으로 제3장 '광의의 구속제도'에서는 중화인민공화국 형사소송법에서 규정 하고 있는 5가지 대인적 강제처분 중에서 구속을 제외한 나머지를 살펴보았다. 먼저 구전은 구금되지 않는 피의자를 상대로 강제로 수사기관에 출석시켜 신문을 받게 하는 것으로 그 기간이 l2시간에 불과하는 등 중국의 대인적 강제처분 중 가장 가벼운 것에 속한다. 다음으로 구류는 수사기관이 수사활동 중 긴급한 상황에 처하였을 때 현행범 또는 중대혐의자에 대하여 임시적으로 그 신체의 자유를 제한하는 대인적 강제처분을 말한다. 구류로 인한 구금기간은 최소 10일에서 최대 37일에 이르러 우리나라 긴급체포의 48시간에 비하여 지나치게 장기라는 비판이 가능하다. 다음으로 취보후심은 보증인 또는 보증금의 제출을 전제로 인신의 자유를 제한하여 수사와 재판을 회피하지 못하고 소환에 응하도록 하는 대인적 강제처분을 말하는바, 구속을 전제로 구속의 집행을 정지시키는 우리나라의 보석과는 크게 다른 제도이다. 또한 주거감시는 수사기관이 일정한 기간 내에 떠나서는 안 될 거주지를 정하고 그의 행동에 대하여 감시하고 제한하는 대인적 강제처분으로서, 허가 없이 거주 장소를 떠나거나 타인을 만나지 못하는 의무가 부과되어 있는 등 인신의 자유에 대한 제한의 정도가 취보후심보다 훨씬 강한 강제처분이다. 다음으로 제4장 협의의 구속제도에서는 중국의 대인적 강제처분 중에서 피의자의 인신의 자유에 대한 제한의 정도가 가장 엄중한 구속을 살펴보았다. 구속의 요건은 증거요건, 형벌요건, 사회위험성요건 3가지를 요구하고 있는데, 사법해석을 통하여 사회위험성요건을 폭넓게 규정함에 따라 광범위한 구속을 인정하는 결과를 초래하고 있다. 또한 구속의 절차는 영장주의 원칙이 적용되지 않아 법원이 아닌 인민검찰원에 의한 준사법적 통제만을 받을 뿐이다. 그리고 피의자 구속으로 인한 구금기간은 수사단계에서 최장 7개월에 이르고 기소단계에서 6개월반에 이를 뿐 아니라 새로운 범죄사실이 발견된 경우에는 구금기간을 처음부터 새로 시작할 수 있는 등 우리나라와는 비교도 할 수 없을 정도로 장기간 피의자를 구금할 수 있다. 구속 중 피의자는 수사단계에서 스스로 변호권을 행사할 수 있으나 변호사를 변호인으로 선임할 수는 없으며, 단지 변호사를 초빙하여 법률상 도움을 받을 권리가 인정된다. 기소단계에서 비로소 변호사를 변호인으로 선임하여 변호를 받을 수 있으나 모든 문서에 대한 기록열람등사권이 인정되지는 않으며, 입건결정서, 구류증, 구속결정서 등 소송문서 및 기술적인 감정자료에 한하여 제한적으로 인정될 뿐이다. 또한 피의자가 수사기관에서 피의자신문을 받음에 있어 묵비권이 인정되지 않으며 오히려 사실대로 말할 권리가 인정되는 등 우리나라와 많은 차이점이 있다. 본 논문은 제3장과 제4장에서 중국의 피의자에 대한 인신구속제도를 차례로 살펴본 다음에 우리나라와 비교를 통하여 심도 갚게 분석하고 연구하였으며, 아울러 미국, 독일, 일본 등 주요 선진국과의 차이점도 간단히 검토하였다. 그리고 마지막 제5장에서는 이와 같은 연구를 통하여 중국의 인신구속제도가 영장주의가 구현되지 않는 등 피의자의 인권보장 측면에서 많은 비판이 제기될 소지가 있음을 지적 하였다. 그러나 그럼에도 불구하고 중국의 인신구속 제도는 그 나라의 역사와 사회의 발전 정도에 상응하여 정착된 제도임을 확인하였으며, 이에 대한 학문적 접근은 서구의 관점이 아닌 중국의 가치관에서 접근하여야 함을 강조하였다. 아울러 본 논문이 한중 교류와 재중 한국인 보호를 위하여 도움이 될 것을 목적으로 하였으며, 부족한 부분에 대하여는 향후 계속적인 연구로 보완할 것임을 명백히 하였다. After coming out of the hostile relationship of cold war by the establishment of diplomatic relations in 1992, the two countries, KoreaㆍChina began to form a more important relations with each other than with any other country in the world along with the explosive increase of the volume of trade etc. Human exchanges also have been increased consistently and thus the annual average number of Korean visitors to China reaches 3.54 million, the number of Koreans staying in China reaches 450 thousand and the number of the cases of crime committed by Koreans in China is also increasing year by year. To solve such problems, the two countries, KoreaㆍChina have been building up cooperative relations including the criminal case judiciary collaboration treaty executed in 1998. But the interchanges between the two countries, KoreaㆍChina have been formed for a very short time of 10 plus some years after the establishment of diplomatic relations thus the in depth studies on Chinese criminal case judicial system have not be accumulated and especially the studies on and understanding of personal confinement system that restricts personal freedom are insufficient. Therefore, this thesis is to construct the legal basis of the exchanges and development of the two countries, KoreaㆍChina and help the protection of human rights of Koreans living in China by studying and analyzing various literatures and statistics related to the personal confinement system of China and also is purposed to help the development of Korean criminal case law systems. Thus this thesis first examined the concept of investigation, investigation organizations, and booking systems in China in chapter 2 'major characteristics of Chinese investigation processes'. That is because the criminal actions in China have the concept of investigation that is quite different from that of Western countries and the authorities of investigation organizations are distributed pursuant to the characteristics of socialism based on the criminal investigation theory of Lenin and peculiar booking systems such as the recognition of jurisdiction of booking are in operation. Therefore, by first studying and understanding the major characteristics of Chinese investigation procedures, the basis of in depth studies on the personal confinement systems of the two countries was to be constructed. Next, in chapter 3 'the confinement system in wide meaning', 4 of the 5 personal dispositions by legal force stipulated in Chinese criminal case law except confinement were examined. First, custody is enforcing the suspects not to be confined to attend investigation organizations which is the lightest one among the dispositions by legal force in China with the period lasting only 12 hours. Next, an urgent arrest refers to the personal disposition by legal force to temporarily restrict physical freedom of criminals in the act or important suspects when an investigation organization is in an emergency during investigation activities. The period of imprisonment for an urgent arrest reaches from minimum 10 days to maximum 37 days which may be criticized for its too long a period. Next, bailment(examination after taking treasure) refers to the personal disposition by legal force that makes dependents to follow arraignments by preventing the avoiding of investigations and trials through the restriction of personal freedom based on the submission of guarantors or guarantee money which is quite different from our country's bailment system that suspends confinements after dependents are first confined. Also, residence supervision is the personal disposition by legal force where investigation organizations define the residential sites from where dependents should not leave for certain periods and the behaviors of the dependents are supervised and restricted which represents much stronger extent of personal restrictions than examination after taking treasure by including the imposing of the liability not to leave residential sites nor meet other persons. Next, in chapter 4 'confinement system in narrow meaning', confinement which is with the most serious restrictions of the physical freedom of dependents among the personal dispositions by legal force in China was examined. The requirements for confinements are the requirements of evidences, the requirements of punishments, and the requirements of social risk and the requirements of social risk are widely stipulated through judicial interpretations resulting in the acknowledgement of a wide range of confinements. Also, the procedures of confinements are not applied by the principles of warrant and are subject to only semi-judicial controls by people's prosecutors not by courts. And not only the periods of imprisonments reach to maximum 7 months in the stage of investigations and 6 and a half months in the stage of prosecution but also the periods of imprisonment can be commenced from the beginning if a new fact of crime is discovered resulting in the ability to imprison dependents for so long time to the extent that it can't be even compared to that of our country. During imprisonments, dependents may exert the right to defend but can't appoint lawyers as defenders except that they can invite lawyers to get legal helps. When the stage of prosecution comes, the dependents can appoint lawyers for defending but the rights to view or copy all documents are not acknowledged except for limited action documents such as booking decision sheets, urgent arrest certificates, imprisonment decision sheets and technical judgment sheets. Also, when dependents are investigated in investigation organizations, the right of silence is not acknowledged but rather the right to tell the truth is acknowledged representing a lot of differences form our country's systems. This thesis reviewed the personal confinement systems in China one by one in chapter 3 and chapter 4 and then analyzed and studied them in depth through the comparison with those of our country and also the differences from major advanced countries such as USA, Germany, Japan were also reviewed briefly. And in the last one, chapter 5, it was pointed out through such studies that the personal confinement systems in China have many reasons to be criticized such as no embodiment of the principle of warrant. But nevertheless the personal confinement systems in China were confirmed to be the systems that were established responding to the extents of the developments of the history and society of the country and it was emphasized that the scientific approach to it should be based on the values of China not from the perspective of Western countries. Also, it was clarified that this thesis was purposed to help the exchanges between Korea and China and the protection of Koreans living in China and that the parts that were studied insufficiently would be complemented by continued studies in future.

설근부종양 절제시 측인두 접근법의 의의

노환중,윤종근,왕수건,전경명 釜算慶南耳鼻咽喉科學會 1996 임상이비인후과 Vol.7 No.2

Cyclosporin A에 의한 비만세포 고사(apoptosis)

노환중,장형준,조규섭,김유선,유영현,전경명 대한이비인후과학회 2001 대한이비인후과학회지 두경부외과학 Vol.44 No.12

안와를 침범한 상악동 악성종양에서 안구 보존을 위한 내시경의 역할

조규섭,노환중 부산대학교 병원 암연구소 2008 부산대병원학술지 Vol.- No.24

Background and Objectives: The periorbita has been regarded as the crucial structure in decision of orbital exenteration in the patients with paranasal malignancies. The mass beyond the thickened periorbita on T2-weighted images was considered to be a positive finding of orbital invasion. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the oncological safety of endoscopic removal of infiltrated tumor onto the periorbita but not transgress into orbital fat. Patients and Methods: Five patients of advanced maxillary cancer, showing bony orbital wall destruction and infiltration onto the periorbita but not transgress into orbital fat, underwent partial or total maxillectomy. Preoperative Cl and MRI were performed in all cases and compared with intraoperative findings. The successful dissection between tumors and periorbita using bipolar nasal coagulation forceps and tumor forcep was performed under endoscopy. Results: The mean age was 54.4 (41-74) years. All tumors of five patients originated from maxillary sinus and extended to involve multiple different subsites according to AJCC (2002, 6^(th) ed.) Histopathology included four squamous cell carcinomas and one adenoid cystic carcinoma. Follow-up ranged from 30 to 121 months (mean 53.6 months). All cases showed no local recurrence on the periobita after endoscopic removal. One patient had local recurrence in the pterygopalatine fossa and the other had in the neck. Conclusion: Endoscopic removal of infiltrated tumor onto the periorbita using microdebrider, bipolar nasal coagulation forceps and tumor forceps can be oncologically safe technique in advanced maxillary cancer infiltrated onto the periorbita but not invaded into orbital fat.

삼출성중이염에서 비강내 점액섬모수송 기능에 관한 연구

고의경,김재욱,노환중,왕수건,전경명 釜算慶南耳鼻咽喉科學會 1996 임상이비인후과 Vol.7 No.2

개에 있어서 심장사상충증을 동반한 창상성 횡격막 허니아의 수술적 치료 1례

조승혁,임영환,손정민,노경완,박창식,전무형,김명철,송근호,정성목 忠南大學校 獸醫科大學 動物醫科學硏究所 2005 動物醫科學硏究誌 Vol.13 No.-

A 7-month old, castrated male Shih-tzu dog was referred to the Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital of Chungnam National University with history of depression, dyspnea, mild scale, tachypnea, exercise intolerance and severe leanness. On physical examination, cardiac arrhythmias was heard and heart worm ELISA test was positive. Microfilaria was found on the direct blood smear. Survey radiographs showed loss of diaphragmatic line and cardiac silhouette, displacement of lung fields and presence of gas filled intestines in the thoracic cavity. Rib fracture and pelvic fracture with callus formation were found incidentally. On the basis of physical examination and radiographic findings, it was diagnosed as traumatic diaphragmatic hernia and heart worm disease. Herniorrhaphy was performed. Postoperatively, it was treated for heart worm disease and scale. There is no evidence of recurrence of diaphragmatic hernia and heart worm disease over 1 year.

개에 있어서 심장사상충증을 동반한 창상성 횡격막 허니아의 수술적 치료 1례

조승혁,임영환,손정민,노경완,박창식,전무형,김명철,송근호,정성목 충남대학교 형질전환복제돼지연구센터 2007 논문집 Vol. No.10

A 7-month old. castrated male Shih-tzu dog was referred to the Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital of Chungnam National University with history of depression. dyspnea. mild scale. tachypnea. exercise intolerance and severe leanness. On physical examination. cardiac arrhythmias was heard and heart worm ELISA test was positive. Microfilaria was found on the direct blood smear. Survey radiographs showed loss of diaphragmatic line and cardiac silhouette. displacement of lung fields and presence of gas filled intestines in the thoracic cavity. Rib fracture and pelvic fracture with callus formation were found incidentally. On the basis of physical examination and radiographic findings. it was diagnosed as traumatic diaphragmatic hernia and heart worm disease. Herniorrhaphy was performed. Postoperatively. it was treated for heart worm disease and scale. There is no evidence of recurrence of diaphragmatic hernia and heart worm disease over 1 year.

갑상설관 낭종에서 발생한 유두상 선암 1례

윤종근,노환중,왕수건 釜算慶南耳鼻咽喉科學會 1994 임상이비인후과 Vol.5 No.2

무지 외반증 환자의 hard insole 착용에 의한 중족지절관절 각도의 변화

임성태,김택훈,최흥식,노정석,김장환 한국전문물리치료학회 2001 한국전문물리치료학회지 Vol.8 No.2

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of donning of a hard insole in patients with hallux valgus. Fourteen subjects were selected from patients with foot pain at Lee Chang-Heon Foot Clinic from August 4,2000 to September 15, 2000. The hallux valgus angle and the first-second intermetatarsal angle were radiographically measured before and after donning the hard insole. Based on these two kinds of angles, a mild hallux valgus deformity group was characterized by the hallux valgus angle of less than 20 degrees, and a moderate hallux valgus deformity group was characterized by the hallux valgus angle of 20 to 40 degrees. After three weeks with the hard insole donned, the foot angles of the patients with hallux valgus were measured again. The data were analyzed by Wilcoxon signed ranks test, and the following results were obtained: 1) After the trial, both mild hallux valgus deformity group and moderate hallux valgus deformity group demonstrated that the hallux valgus angles were significantly decreased. 2) After the trial, mild hallux valgus deformity group demonstrated that the first-second intermetatarsal angle was significantly decreased. 3) After the trial, moderate hallux valgus deformity group demonstrated that the first-second intermetatarsal angle was not significantly decreased. The above findings revealed that according to donning hard insole, the hallux valgus angles of mild and moderate hallux valgus deformity groups and the first-second intermetatarsal angle of mild hallux valgus deformity group were significantly decreased. The results of this study have some limitation for generalization due to the limited number of subjects. Further studies are needed to evaluate the effect of hard insole on hallux valgus with more precise laboratory equipments and measurements in patients with hallux valgus.