Comparative analysis of VMT genes/proteins in selected plant species with emphasis on bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

Sharma Hemant,Shayaba,Kumar Rahul,Kumar Jitendra,Bhadana Deepa,Batra Ritu,Singh Rakhi,Kumar Sachin,Roy Joy K,Balyan Harindra S.,Gupta Pushpendra K. 한국유전학회 2023 Genes & Genomics Vol.45 No.11

Background In recent years, the study of molecular basis of uptake, transport and utilization of grain Fe/Zn (GFe/GZn) in wheat has been an active area of research. As a result, it has been shown that a number of transporters are involved in uptake and transport of Fe. In a recent study, knockout of a transporter gene OsVMT (VACUOLAR MUGINEIC ACID TRANSPORTER) in rice was shown to be involved in Fe homoeostasis. Objective In this study, we analysed VMT genes among six monocots and three dicots with major emphasis on wheat VMT genes (TaVMTs), taking OsVMT gene as a reference. Methods and results Using OsVMT gene as a reference, VMT genes were identified and sequence similarities were examined among six monocots and three dicots. Each VMT protein carried one functional domain and 7 to 10 distinct motifs (including 9 novel motifs). The qRT-PCR analysis showed differential expression by all the six TaVMT genes in pairs of contrasting wheat genotypes with high (FAR4 and WB02) and low (K8027 and HD3226) GFe/GZn at two different grain filling stages (14 DAA and 28 DAA). TaVMT1 genes showed up-regulation in high GFe/Zn genotypes relative to low GFe/Zn genotypes, whereas the TaVMT2 genes showed down-regulation or nonsignificant up-regulation in a few cases. Conclusions At 14 DAA, each of the six TaVMT genes exhibited higher expression in wheat genotypes with high GFe and GZn relative to those with low GFe and GZn, suggesting major role of VMT genes in improvement of grain Fe/Zn homoeostasis, thus making TaVMT genes useful for improvement in Fe/Zn in wheat grains.

Aberrant myeloid antigen co-expression is correlated with high percentages of CD34-positive cells among blasts of acute lymphoblastic leukemia patients: an Indian tertiary care center perspective

Rahul Kumar Sharma,Abhishek Purohit,Venkatesan Somasundaram,Pravas Chandra Mishra,Mrinalini Kotru,Ravi Ranjan,Sunil Kumar,Sudha Sazawal,Hara Prasad Pati,Seema Tyagi,Renu Saxena 대한혈액학회 2014 Blood Research Vol.49 No.4

Background Aberrant myeloid antigen (MA) co-expression and high expression of CD34 antigen on the blasts of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) patients are independently reported to have a role in pathogenesis and prognosis. This study was conducted to determine whether these two parameters are related. Methods A total of 204 cases of ALL were included in an analysis of blast immunophenotypic data. CD34 expression was categorized as low when less than 50% of blasts were CD34-positive (CD34low) and as high when 50% or more were CD34-positive (CD34high). Results Of 204 cases of ALL, 163 and 41 were of B-cell origin (B-ALL) and T-cell origin (T-ALL), respectively. Of all cases, 132 (64.7%) showed co-expression of MA and among these, 101 (76.51%) were CD34high, while the remaining 31 (23.48%) were CD34low. Of 72 cases without MA co-expression, 25 (34.72%) were CD34high and 47 (67.25%) were CD34low. Furthermore, of 163 cases of B-ALL, 111 showed co-expression of MA and 84 of these were CD34high. Of 52 cases of B-ALL without MA expression, 22 were CD34high. Among 41 cases of T-ALL, 21 co-expressed MA, 17 of which were CD34high. Moreover, all 20 cases of T-ALL without co-expression of MA were CD34low. These differences were statistically significant. Conclusion We observed a strong correlation between aberrant MA expression and CD34high expression on the blasts of ALL. We hypothesize that these different patient subsets may represent unique prognostic characteristics.

Diverse characters of Brennan’s paw incision model regarding certain parameters in the rat

Rahul Kumar Sharma,Shivani Gupta,Mayank Gautam,Saroj Kaler Jhajhria,Subrata Basu Ray 대한통증학회 2019 The Korean Journal of Pain Vol.32 No.3

Background: Brennan’s rodent paw incision model has been extensively used for understanding mechanisms underlying postoperative pain in humans. However, alterations of physiological parameters like blood pressure and heart rate, or even feeding and drinking patterns after the incision have not been documented as yet. Moreover, though eicosanoids like prostaglandins and leukotrienes contribute to inflammation, tissue levels of these inflammatory mediators have never been studied. This work further investigates the antinociceptive effect of protein C after intra-wound administration.Methods: Separate groups of Sprague–Dawley rats were used for quantitation of cyclooxygenase (COX) activity and leukotriene B4 level by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, as well as estimation of cardiovascular parameters and feeding and drinking behavior after paw incision. In the next part, rats were subjected to in-cision and 10 g of protein C was locally administered by a micropipette. Both evoked and non-evoked pain parameters were then estimated.Results: COX, particularly COX-2 activity and leukotriene B4 levels increased after incision. Hemodynamic parameters were normal. Feeding and drinking were affected on days 1 and 3, and on day 1, respectively. Protein C attenuated non-evoked pain behavior alone up to day 2. Conclusions: Based upon current observations, Brennan’s rodent paw incision model appears to exhibit a prolonged period of nociception similar to that after surgery, with minimal interference of physiological parameters. Protein C, which is likely converted to activated protein C in the wound, attenuated the guarding score, which probably represents pain at rest after surgery in humans.

Aberrant myeloid antigen co-expression is correlated with high percentages of CD34-positive cells among blasts of acute lymphoblastic leukemia patients: an Indian tertiary care center perspective

Rahul Kumar Sharma,Abhishek Purohit,Venkatesan Somasundaram,Pravas Chandra Mishra,Mrinalini Kotru,Ravi Ranjan,Sunil Kumar,Sudha Sazawal,Hara Prasad Pati,Seema Tyagi,Renu Saxena 대한혈액학회 2014 Blood Research Vol.49 No.4

Background Aberrant myeloid antigen (MA) co-expression and high expression of CD34 antigen on the blasts of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) patients are independently reported to have a role in pathogenesis and prognosis. This study was conducted to determine whether these two parameters are related. Methods A total of 204 cases of ALL were included in an analysis of blast immunophenotypic data. CD34 expression was categorized as low when less than 50% of blasts were CD34-positive (CD34low) and as high when 50% or more were CD34-positive (CD34high). Results Of 204 cases of ALL, 163 and 41 were of B-cell origin (B-ALL) and T-cell origin (T-ALL), respectively. Of all cases, 132 (64.7%) showed co-expression of MA and among these, 101 (76.51%) were CD34high, while the remaining 31 (23.48%) were CD34low. Of 72 cases without MA co-expression, 25 (34.72%) were CD34high and 47 (67.25%) were CD34low. Furthermore, of 163 cases of B-ALL, 111 showed co-expression of MA and 84 of these were CD34high. Of 52 cases of B-ALL without MA expression, 22 were CD34high. Among 41 cases of T-ALL, 21 co-expressed MA, 17 of which were CD34high. Moreover, all 20 cases of T-ALL without co-expression of MA were CD34low. These differences were statistically significant. Conclusion We observed a strong correlation between aberrant MA expression and CD34high expression on the blasts of ALL. We hypothesize that these different patient subsets may represent unique prognostic characteristics.

Rapid bacterial disinfection using low frequency piezocatalysis effect

Sandeep Kumar,Moolchand Sharma,Anuruddh Kumar,Satvasheel Powar,Rahul Vaish 한국공업화학회 2019 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.77 No.-

The present work is the systematic study of ferrocatalysis, ferro-photocatalysis, piezocatalysis and piezophotocatalysiseffects for bacterial degradation. The investigation revealed the ferrocatalysis drivenbacterial degradation rate can be improved with incorporation of light of suitable wavelength, vibrationand combination of both. Complete bacterial disinfection was achieved through piezo-photocatalysiseffect using poled BaTiO3 (BT) ceramic within 30 min of exposure. Bacterial degradation was observedusing surface potential generated on the surface of BT during mechanical vibration. Interestingly, it wasfound that lower frequency (8 Hz) was able to develop sufficient voltage to trigger bactericidal effect. Scanning electron microscopy was used to study effect of catalytic processes on the morphology ofbacterial cells.

Simulation and Modelling for Bending Analysis of Elastically Supported Laminated Plates Under Concentrated Load: A Meshless Approach

Chandan Kumar,Rahul Kumar,Harish K. Sharma,Sumit Khare 한국강구조학회 2023 International Journal of Steel Structures Vol.23 No.4

This paper implements a meshless technique based on the multiquadric radial basis function to investigate the flexural response of thin to moderately thick laminated plates resting on elastic foundations and subjected to various types of transverse loads with simply supported boundary conditions. The laminated plates are modelled via the equivalent single-layered Higher-Order Shear Deformation Theory plate theory with five unknown variables. This study applied the energy principle to determine the governing differential equations of the elastically supported laminated plate and discretized with stable the multiquadric radial basis function. The program is compiled on the MATLAB platform, and numerous comparative studies are carried out to show the reliability and correctness of the suggested meshless numerical model. The flexural behaviour of the laminated plate is investigated using parametric studies to determine the impacts of the span-to-thickness ratio, two variable elastic foundations, aspect ratio, orthotropy ratio, and number of layers on flexural behaviours of the considered plates are presented.

Antibacterial ferroelectric materials: Advancements and future directions

Sandeep Kumar,Moolchand Sharma,Till Frömling,Rahul Vaish 한국공업화학회 2021 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.97 No.-

Ferroelectric functional materials are known for a wide range of applications including sensors, actuators,energy harvesting devices. Very recent studies based on ferroelectric materials for environmentalcleaning and bacterial remediation add a further up-and-comingfield of application of these materials. They possess several advantages over conventional methods such as biocompatible range andsustainability. Although the research area is relatively new, some substantial experimental work hasbeen done in the last couple of years. The rationale and underlying mechanisms of different publishedreports were compiled and explained to offer a better understanding of the subject. The three majormechanisms can be divided into catalysis via a change in surface potential, mediated catalysis by theformation of reactive oxide species on the ceramic surface due to piezoelectric or pyroelectric excitation,and enhanced photocatalysis due to internal electricfields. Our goal is to provide a comprehensive reporton ferroelectric materials application in the prevention of bacterial infections and to give an outlook onfurther possible research strategies.

Recent trends in biosensors

말호트라,Rahul Singhal,Asha Chaubey,Sandeep K. Sharma,Ashok Kumar 한국물리학회 2005 Current Applied Physics Vol.5 No.2

Rapid advances in biosensors have recently been reported. This has been possible due to rapid growth in the development of newbiomaterials such as conducting polymers, copolymers and sol gels etc and the reported improvements in sensing techniques. Bio-sensors are miniaturized devices employing biochemical molecular recognition as the basis for a selective analysis. The response gen-erated as a result of biochemical reaction is detected by a transducer to give a signal (optical/electrical/thermal) that can be used withor without amplication for the estimation of the concentration of an analyte in a given test sample. Among the various biosensors,electrochemical sensors, especially amperometric biosensors presently hold a leading position.Due to specicity, portability, simplicity, high sensitivity, potential ability for real-time and on-site analysis coupled with thespeed and low cost, biosensors have been projected to have applications in food analysis, environment control, clinical detection,drug and agriculture industries etc. Besides this, biosensors oer exciting opportunities for numerous decentralized clinical applica-tions, ranging from emergency room screening, home self testing and alternative site testing, continuous and real-time in vivo mon-itoring. New generation of biosensors combining new bioreceptors with the ever-growing number of transducers is emerging. Thepresent paper highlights some of the recent advances in the area of biosensors contributed by our laboratory..

Image-Guided Nanoparticle-Based siRNA Delivery for Cancer Therapy.

Tekade, Rakesh Kumar,Maheshwari, Rahul G S,Sharma, Piyoosh A,Tekade, Muktika,Chauhan, Abhay Singh Bentham Science Publishers 2015 CURRENT PHARMACEUTICAL DESIGN Vol.21 No.31

<P>With the discovery of RNA interference technology, small-interfering RNA (siRNA) has emerged as new powerful tool for gene therapy because of its high targeting specificity and selectivity. However, one of the limitations to successful gene therapy is the inability to monitor delivery of genes and therapeutic responses at the targeted site. Hence, a combinatorial approach of gene therapy with molecular imaging has been crucial in optimizing gene therapy. Recent advances in nanotechnology have made tremendous efforts to develop multifunctional nanoparticles that contain imaging and therapeutic agents together for image-guided therapy. The nanoparticles serve as contrast agents in imaging for disease detection with simultaneous delivery of therapeutics to cure the diseases. The therapy also helps to monitor the drug accumulation and assimilation in the body, thereby facilitating the evaluation of treatment effects. Here, we present an overview of polymer and lipid-based carriers for siRNA delivery, along with imaging agents as imageguided therapy, in the treatment of breast, lung, liver, ovarian, cervical, and prostate cancers.</P>

Surgery for symptomatic hepatic hemangioma: Resection vs. enucleation, an experience over two decades

Nalini Kanta Ghosh,Rahul R,Ashish Singh,Somanath Malage,Supriya Sharma,Ashok Kumar,Rajneesh Kumar Singh,Anu Behari,Ashok Kumar,Rajan Saxena 한국간담췌외과학회 2023 Annals of hepato-biliary-pancreatic surgery Vol.27 No.3

Backgrounds/Aims: Hemangiomas are the most common benign liver lesions; however, they are usually asymptomatic and seldom require surgery. Enucleation and resection are the most commonly performed surgical procedures for symptomatic lesions. This study aims to compare the outcomes of these two surgical techniques. Methods: A retrospective analysis of symptomatic hepatic hemangiomas (HH) operated upon between 2000 and 2021. Patients were categorized into the enucleation and resection groups. Demographic profile, intraoperative bleeding, and morbidity (Clavien-Dindo Grade) were compared. Independent t-test and chi-square tests were used for continuous and categorical variables respectively. p-value of < 0.05 was considered significant. Results: Sixteen symptomatic HH patients aged 30 to 66 years underwent surgery (enucleation = 8, resection = 8) and majority were females (n = 10 [62.5%]). Fifteen patients presented with abdominal pain, and one patient had an interval increase in the size of the lesion from 9 to 12 cm. The size of hemangiomas varied from 6 to 23 cm. The median blood loss (enucleation: 350 vs. resection: 600 mL), operative time (enucleation: 5.8 vs. resection: 7.5 hours), and postoperative hospital stay (enucleation: 6.5 vs. resection: 11 days) were greater in the resection group (statistically insignificant). In the resection group, morbidity was significantly higher (62.6% vs. 12.5%, p = 0.05), including one mortality. All patients remained asymptomatic during the follow-up. Conclusions: Enucleation was simpler with less morbidity as compared to resection in our series. However, considering the small number of patients, further studies are needed with comparable groups to confirm the superiority of enucleation over resection.