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A Fast Volume Rendering Algorithm for Virtual Endoscopy
Ra Jong Beom,Kim Sang Hun,Kwon Sung Min The Korean Society of Medical and Biological Engin 2005 의공학회지 Vol.26 No.1
3D virtual endoscopy has been used as an alternative non-invasive procedure for visualization of hollow organs. However, due to computational complexity, this is a time-consuming procedure. In this paper, we propose a fast volume rendering algorithm based on perspective ray casting for virtual endoscopy. As a pre-processing step, the algorithm divides a volume into hierarchical blocks and classifies them into opaque or transparent blocks. Then, in the first step, we perform ray casting only for sub-sampled pixels on the image plane, and determine their pixel values and depth information. In the next step, by reducing the sub-sampling factor by half, we repeat ray casting for newly added pixels, and their pixel values and depth information are determined. Here, the previously obtained depth information is utilized to reduce the processing time. This step is recursively performed until a full-size rendering image is acquired. Experiments conducted on a PC show that the proposed algorithm can reduce the rendering time by 70- 80% for bronchus and colon endoscopy, compared with the brute-force ray casting scheme. Using the proposed algorithm, interactive volume rendering becomes more realizable in a PC environment without any specific hardware.
演算증폭기의 入出力 抵抗의 非理想性이 能動 抵抗 濾波器의 設計에 미치는 영향
羅鍾範 光云大學校 1979 論文集 Vol.8 No.-
보상된 2개의 연산 증폭기와 저항을 이용한 대역 통과 2차 능동 저항 여파기의 설계에 연산 증폭기의 입·출력 저항의 비이상성이 미치는 영향에 대하여 이론적으로 규명하였다. 또한 이때 여파기의 특성이 입·출력 저항에 무관하게 하기 위한 회로 저항값들의 범위를 제시하였다. This paper presents the effects of finite input resistance and non-zero output resistance of the operational amplifiers on the performance of a second-order, bandpass active R filter using two compensated operational amplifiers and resistors. Also, it proposes the range of resistor values in an active R filter section where the filter characteristics are independent of the input and output resistance values.
Original Articles : Case report : Canine distemper virus infection in a wild Korean raccoon dog
( A Ra Cho ),( Yoon Seok Roh ),( Hae Beom Lee ),( Ho Seong Cho ),( Chae Woong Lim ),( Seog Jin Kang ),( Ha Young Kim ),( Jong Wan Kim ),( Bum Seok Kim ) 한국예방수의학회(구 한국수의공중보건학회) 2015 예방수의학회지 Vol.39 No.1
Abstract: A female wild raccoon dog was referred with a history of generalized seizure. Mild leukocytosis was noted onlaboratory tests. Gross lesions included nasal hemorrhage, hemothorax, and hemorrhage in the urinary bladder withhematuria. Microscopically, interstitial and purulent bacterial pneumonia was observed in the lungs. In the cerebellum,characteristic eosinophilic intracytoplasmic and intranuclear inclusion bodies were found in Purkinje cells, and severedemyelination was observed in the cerebellar white matter. Canine distemper virus (CDV) infection was suspected andconfirmed after detection of CDV nucleoprotein RNA in the cerebrum and the lungs by nested reverse transcriptionpolymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP). Based onthe histopathological and molecular diagnostic findings, it was concluded that the raccoon dog was infected with CDV.
Lee, Jong-Min,Han, Sang-Beom,Kim, Jy-Yeon,Lee, Young-Woo,Ko, A-Ra,Roh, Bumwook,Hwang, Inchul,Park, Kyung-Won Elsevier 2010 Carbon Vol.48 No.8
<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>Nanostructures consisting of TiO<SUB>2</SUB> particles as a core and carbon as a shell (TiO<SUB>2</SUB>@C) were prepared by heat treatment of TiO<SUB>2</SUB> nanoparticles at 700 or 900°C in a methane atmosphere. X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy showed that a carbon shell layer was formed whose thickness increased with increasing reaction temperature. These structures were used as supports for platinum nanoparticles and the hybrid particles exhibit improved catalytic activity and stability toward methanol electrooxidation compared to Pt on a carbon black (Vulcan XC-72R). It is likely that enhanced catalytic properties of the Pt on TiO<SUB>2</SUB>@C could be due to the stability of the core–shell support in comparison with carbon black support.</P>
( Hannah Ra ),( Seung Kak Shin ),( So Jeong Kim ),( Gyu Cheon Kyung ),( Youn-i Choi ),( Oh Sang Kwon ),( Jong-beom Shin ),( Young-joo Jin ),( Jin-woo Lee ),( Sangheun Lee ),( Ki Jun Han ),( Young Nam 대한간학회 2018 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2018 No.1
Aims: The long term data with daclatasvir (DCV)/asunaprevir (ASV) treatment for genotype 1b (GT1b) HCV-infected patients was not reported in Korea. This study investigated the efficacy in virologic response (SVR12 and SVR<sub>48~60</sub>), improvement of liver function and fibrosis markers after DCV/ASV treatment. Methods: HCV GT1b patients who had not resistant associated substitute (RAS) were enrolled in 5 tertiary Korean hospitals. A total of 287 patients treating with DCV/ASV were observed for SVR<sub>12</sub>. Virologic response was measured at 12 weeks (SVR<sub>12</sub>), and 48-60 weeks (SVR<sub>48-60</sub>) after the end of treatment. In patients with cirrhosis, liver function, aspartate transaminase to platelet ratio index (APRI), FIB-4 index, fibrosis index (FI), and liver stiffness measurement (LSM) were compared between before and after treatment (at SVR<sub>48-60</sub>). Results: SVR<sub>12</sub> was obtained in 97.6% (280/287) patients. Among them, 189 patients were observed for SVR<sub>48-60</sub>. Baseline characteristics (n=189): age (55±11 years), male 91(48%), cirrhosis 57(30.2%), treatment-naive 135(71.4%), ALT (58±53 IU/L), and HCV RNA (1,738,132±2,279,517 IU/mL) were shown. SVR<sub>48-60</sub> was obtained in 96.8 % (183/189) patients. In cirrhotic patients (n=57), changes of ALT (52±36 to 25±13 IU/L, P<0.001), total bilirubin (1.0±0.8 to 0.9±0.5 mg/dL, P=0.112), albumin (3.9±0.7 to 4.2±0.5 g/dL, P=0.003), and platelet (130±96 to 144±80 103/mm3, P=0.132) were observed. The changes of APRI score (2.1±0.3 to 0.8±0.1, P<0.001), FIB-4 index (7.2±0.9 to 3.7±0.4, P<0.001), FI (2.8±0.2 to 2.4±0.2, P=0.021), and LSM (n=16, 19.3±3.1 to 13.0±2.0 kPa, P=0.015) were observed. The characteristics of patients who failed SVR<sub>48~60</sub> (n=6) were such as: age 62(47-78) years, female 5(83%), treatment-naive 3(50%), cirrhosis 2(33%), ALT 40(14- 62) IU/L, HCV RNA 2,599,557(459,017-12,149,394) IU/mL. Conclusions: DCV and ASV treatment for HCV GT1b infected Korean patients without RAS achieved high SVR rates. However, 3% patients who achieved SVR<sub>12</sub> failed in SVR<sub>48~60</sub>. The cirrhotic patients with SVR<sub>48~60</sub> showed improvement of liver function and fibrosis markers.
하수종말처리장의 인 처리시설에 티탄염 응집제 적용 및 슬러지 재활용
김종호 ( Jong Ho Kim ),김종범 ( Jong Beom Kim ),박희주 ( Hee Ju Park ),이기원 ( Ki Won Lee ),조아라 ( A Ra Jo ),김명완 ( Myung Wan Kim ),이영준 ( Young Jun Lee ),박세민 ( Se Min Park ),이광영 ( Kwang Young Lee ),손호경 ( Ho Kyong 한국화학공학회 2013 Korean Chemical Engineering Research(HWAHAK KONGHA Vol.51 No.2
As the regulation of total phosphorus (T-P) concentration in biologically treated sewage effluent is reduced to 0.2~2 mg/L, flocculation process is recommended to remove T-P. In this study, the performance of Tisalt coagulant was investigated in terms of dosage and pH in removing phosphorus and the collected sludge after Ti-salt flocculation was calcined to produce titania for effective sludge recycling. The flocculation performance was carried out using two methods: sedimentation and air floatation. Both methods were feasible to apply for Tisalt flocculation. Ti-salt flocculation was effective in reducing phosphorus concentration in sewage effluent, which showed similar performance of alum (Al2(SO4)3). The calcined sludge was recycled to titania which is the widely used metal oxide. Titania produed from Ti-salt sludge indicated similar charateristics of commercially-available P- 25 in regard to photocatalytic activity and surface area. Therefore, this can be easily adopted to titania application by replacing P-25.
자기공명 견관절조영검사 시 고함유량 가돌리늄 조영제의 유용성
나사라(Na, Sa-Ra),김윤신(Kim, Yoon-shin),최관우(Choi, Kwan-Woo),이호범(Lee, Ho-Beom),손순룡(Son, Soon-Yong),민정환(Min, Jung-Whan),이주아(Lee, Joo-Ah),마상철(Ma, Sang-Chull),이종석(Lee, Jong-Seok),유병규(Yoo, Beong-Gyu) 한국산학기술학회 2014 한국산학기술학회논문지 Vol.15 No.4
본 연구는 자기공명 견관절조영검사 시 단위 부피당 가돌리늄 함유량이 2배 많은 1mmol/mL조영제를 이용하여 T1단축효과를 높임으로서 진단적 가치가 높은 영상을 얻을 수 있는 방법을 증명하고자 하였다.2012년 1월부터 2013년 8월 까지 0.5mmol/mL함유량을 가진 기존의 조영제를 사용한 20명과 1mmol/mL함유량을 가진 새로운 조영제를 사용한 21명 등 총 41명의 환자를 연구대상으로 하였다.연구방법은 가돌리늄 함유량에 따른 대조도 차이를 알아보기 위하여,견관절의 관절공간과 인접한 근육조직인 극상근,그리고 상완골두의 신호강도를 각각 측정한 후 신호대잡음비와 대조도대잡음비를 비교하였다.연구 결과,가돌리늄 함유량이 높은 1mmol/mL조영제가 0.5mmol/mL조영제에 비해 SNR이 모두 높았으며(관 절공간 38.01%,극상근 8.40%,상완골두12.78%),CNR도 가돌리늄 함유량이 높은 1mmol/mL조영제가 높았다(관절공간과 극상근 48.96%,관절공간과 상완골두 42.00%).결론적으로 T1단축효과를 높이는 다양한 방법 중 현실적으로 구현하기 용이 한 가돌리늄 함유량이 높은 1mmol/mL조영제를 이용하면 효율적으로 T1단축효과를 높여 진단적 가치가 높은 영상을 얻을 수 있을 것으로 판단된다. This research, used an contrast agent, which weighs about 1mmol/mL, of twice as much amount of gadolinum, per unit, for the test of magnetic-resonance shoulder arthrography. the reasearch which was carried out from January, of the year 2012 to August of the year 2013. consisted, of target of 41, patients including 20 ones, of whom an original, contrast agent of amount of 0.5mmol/mL, 21, ones of whom, a new, of amount of 1mmol/mL was used on, were the test target, in order to figure out the differences, according to the amount of gadolinum, according to the test results, the SNR of the contrast agent, of amount of 1mmol/mL, which is of high amount of gadolinum, was noticeably higher than the one of amount of 0.5mmol/mL(the percentage of joint space 38.01%, the supraspinous muscle 8.40%, head of humerus 12.78%). and CNR of the contrast agent, of amount of 1mmol/mL, which is of high amount of gadolinum, was higher than the one of amount of 0.5mmol/mL(the percentage of joint space and supraspinous muscle 48.96%, the one of joint space and head of humerus 42.00%). In conclusion, one of the methods of increasing the reducing effect of T1, is to use contrast agent of amount of 1mmol/mL, in order to increase the reducing effect of T1, acquire the visual of high testing quality.