A bibliometric analysis of worldwide educational artificial intelligence research development in recent twenty years

Song Pu,Wang Xiang 서울대학교 교육연구소 2020 Asia Pacific Education Review Vol.21 No.3

Educational artificial intelligence (EAI) refers to the use of artificial intelligence (AI) to support personalized and automated feedback and guidance in the educational field. Inevitably, it serves as a more important part of the educational system in the coming years. However, novel development in this field has been inadequately reviewed and conceptualized in a visualized, objective and comprehensive way. In this view, a bibliometric analysis was conducted to obtain an overview of its trends from publication outputs, countries’ cooperation, cluster analysis, and research evolution. Around 8660 Scopus-published articles from 2000 to 2019 were gathered for analysis using CiteSpace and Alluvial generator. In the study, a growing interest in EAI research and deepening cooperation among countries was first identified, entailing favorable conditions for promoting globalization in this aspect. Afterward, five core clusters were established for the intellectual structure of EAI, including intelligent tutoring system, learning system, student, labeled training data, and pedagogy. The development of EAI research was further conceptualized as follows: (a) technological foundation; (b) technological breakthrough; (c) intelligent application; and (d) symbiotic integration. Finally, three prospective directions for future EAI research were suggested.

Mechanical and Microscopic Properties of Cement Stabilized Silt

Shaoyun Pu,Zhiduo Zhu,Weilong Song,Yu Wan,Hairong Wang,Shigong Song,Jun Zhang 대한토목학회 2020 KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering Vol.24 No.8

In order to explore the strength, water stability, compressibility, shear properties of cement stabilized silt, the one-dimensional consolidation tests, direct shear and unconfined compressiontests were conducted on cement solidified silt. In addition, the microscopic characteristics of cement stabilized silt were investigated by using scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) tests. The unconfined compression tests showed that the unconfined compressive strength (UCS) raised with cement dosage increasing, and first increased rapidly and then raised slowly with the prolongation of curing time. As curing time prolonged, the water stability coefficient (Kr) of 2% cement stabilized silt raised significantly, while the Kr of 4% and 6% cement stabilized silt almost hardly changed. As cement dosage increased, at 7 days of curing age, the compressive modulus of cement stabilized silt raised. However, at 28 and 90 days of curing, the compressive modulus first raised and then reduced. As curing time increased, the compressive modulus increased at first and then deceased slightly. The direct shear tests demonstrated that the internal friction angle of cement solidified silt was almost unchanged with increasing cement dosage, but the internal friction angle increased slightly with the prolongation of curing time. For 2% and 4% cement stabilized silt, the cohesion raised with the prolongation of curing time. Meanwhile, the cohesion of 6% cement solidified silt at 7 days was slightly larger that of 28 days. Besides, the SEM and XRD analysis indicated that the loose structure of silt was improved due to cement addition.

즉시세기(subitizing) 기반 수감각 교수가 초등학교 수학학습장애 위험학생의 수감각과 수세기에 미치는 영향

송푸름(Pu-reum Song),김동일(Dong-il Kim) 한국학습장애학회 2020 학습장애연구 Vol.17 No.1

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of subitizing based number sense intervention on number sense and counting for students at-risk of MLD. Sixty students from two schools and a child welfare center took two kinds of screening tests: number sense and counting. The study involved three students with less than 15 percentile of the results who were not in exclusion criteria. This study adapted multiple-probe design across participants. I provided subitizing based number sense intervention to participants 40 min per session, 2-3 times per week, for eight weeks total of 21 sessions in their child welfare center or their classroom. As dependent measures, the formative test of BASA-EN and TEMI-AC used for number sense and counting also delayed post-test was conducted two weeks after intervention. The intervention fidelity was 97.08 percent, and the social validity was 95.2 percent for teachers and 91 percent for students. Intra-rater reliability was 99.91 percent to 100 percent. Data are graphed for each student with visual analysis including the effect factor: NAP, Tau-U. The pre and post percentile of standardized assessments also be calculated. The results as follows. The effect factor showed a significant positive effect in subitizing based number sense intervention on number sense and counting. Positive effects maintained delayed post-test. Post-test results of number sense standardized assessments improved from the fifth stage, which requires overall continuous intervention, to the third stage, which is the average level of performance. Post-test results of counting improved from below 15 percentile to the 32~45 percentile. These results indicate that subitizing based number sense intervention had a positive effect on the number sense and counting of elementary students those at risk of MLD. This paper discussed some implications, limitations, and suggestions for future research. 본 연구의 목적은 즉시세기 기반 수감각 교수가 초등학교 1학년 수학학습장애 위험학생의 수감각과 수세기에 미치는 영향을 살펴보는 것이다. 초등학생 1학년 60명을 대상으로 수감각검사(BASA-EN)와 수세기검사(TEMI:PV)를 실시하여 두 검사의 결과가 백분위수 15 이하로 나온 학생 중 배제 사유가 없는 학생 3명이 연구에 참여하였으며 대상자간 중다간헐적기초선설계를 적용하였다. 중재 도구는 즉시세기 기반 수감각 교수로 직접교수 원리를 적용한 수감각 증진 프로그램에 즉시세기 활동을 결합하여 내용 타당도 검증을 거쳐 수정․개발하였다. 중재자는 연구자 1인으로 학생과 1:1로 8주 동안, 주 2~3회, 회기 당 약 40분씩 총 21회기 중재를 실시하였으며, 학생이 재학 중인 지역복지시설 혹은 초등학교 교실에서 중재를 실시하였다. 종속변인 측정은 수감각검사와 수세기검사를 교대로 3회기에 1번 실시하였으며 중재가 끝난 2주 후 유지검사 3회를 일주일 동안 실시하였다. 중재충실도는 평균 97.08%이었고, 사회적 타당도는 교사의 경우 평균 95.2%, 학생의 경우 평균 91%로 나타났다. 수감각 및 수세기 검사 결과에 대해 시각적 분석을 하였고 NAP와 Tau-U값을 산출하였으며 표준화된 검사도구의 백분위수 변화도 함께 살펴보았다. 연구 결과, 기초선 구간 대비 중재 및 유지 구간에서 대상 학생들의 수감각 능력과 수세기 능력이 통계적으로 유의하게 향상하였으며 학생마다 중재 효과 크기는 다소 차이가 나타났다. 본 연구의 결과는 즉시세기 기반 수감각 교수가 초등학교 1학년 수학학습장애 위험학생의 수감각과 수세기 능력 향상에 긍정적인 영향을 끼침을 시사한다. 본 연구는 논의, 제한점 및 후속연구를 위한 제언을 함께 제시하였다.

Synthesis, Crystal Structure, Spectra Characterization and DFT Studies on a Di-Cycle Pyrazoline Derivative

Song, Jie,Zhao, Pu Su,Zhang, Wei Guang Korean Chemical Society 2010 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.31 No.7

A dicycle pyrazoline derivative, 1-phenyl-5-(p-fluorophenyl)-3,4-($\alpha$-p-fluoro-tolylenecyclohexano) pyrazoline, was synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, IR, UV-vis, fluorescence spectra and X-ray single crystal diffraction. Density function theory (DFT) calculations were performed by using B3LYP method with 6-$311G^{**}$ basis set. The optimized geometry can well simulate the molecular structure. Vibrational frequencies were predicted, assigned and compared with the experimental values, which suggest that B3LYP/6-$311G^{**}$ method can well predict the IR spectra. Both the experimental electronic absorption spectra and the predicted ones by B3LYP/6-$311G^{**}$ method reveal three electron-transition bands, with the theoretical ones having some red shifts compared with the experimental data. Natural bond orbital analyses indicate that the absorption bands are mainly derived from the contribution of n $\rightarrow\pi^*$ and $\pi\rightarrow\pi^*$ transitions. Fluorescence spectra determination shows that the title compound can emit blue-light at about 478 nm. On the basis of vibrational analysis, the thermodynamic properties of title compound at different temperature have been calculated, revealing the correlations between $C^0_{p,m}$, $S^0_m$, $H^0_m$ and temperature.

< 전시-P-38 > Fractionation of lignin from Salix gracilistyla Miq. using ionic liquid (1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate)

( Song-yi Han ),( Chan-woo Park ),( Pu-reun-na-rae Seo ),( Won-jae Youe ),( Nam-hun Kim ),( Seung-hwan Lee ) 한국목재공학회 2018 한국목재공학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.2018 No.2

Application of the Extended Theory of Planned Behavior Model to Predict Behavioral intention of Chinese Golfers

Song Hui-Min,Cho, Sang-Woo,Zhou Pu 한국골프학회 2018 골프연구 Vol.12 No.3

[목적] 본 연구는 합리적 행동이론(TRA)과 계획적 행동이론(TPB)을 이용하여 대기오염에 의한 중국 골퍼의 행동을 예측하는데 그 목적이 있다. [방법] 본 연구의 설문조사는 중국의 도시 거주자를 대상으로 300개의 설문지를 배포하여 성실하게 응답한 260개의 설문지를 사용하였고, 신뢰도 분석을 비롯한 통계처리는 측정 및 구조 모델은 SPSS 22.0와 AMOS 21.0을 이용하여 분석하였다. [결과] 태도와 주관적 규범은 골퍼의 행동의도를 증가시키는 것으로 나타났다(β=.453, t=2.61; β=.245, t=2.53). 지각된 행동통제는 골퍼의 행동 의도에 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다(β=.259, t=4.55). 행동의도도 골퍼의 행동에 유의한 영향을 미치는 것 으로 나타났다(β=.656, t=6.11). 대기오염은 행동의도(β=.276, t=4.73)와 행동(β=.327, t=6.13)에 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타 났다. [결론] 본 연구의 태도, 주관적 규범, 지각된 행동 통제 및 대기 오염은 골퍼의 행동 의도에 유의한 영향을 미쳤고, 대기 오 염과 행동의도도 골퍼의 행동에 유의한 영향을 치는 것으로 나타났다. [Purpose] The purpose of this research was to develop a structural equation model using the extended Theory of Reasoned Action Behavior(TRA) and Planned Behavior(TPB) to predict chinese golfers' behavior by air pollution. [Method] A total of 300 questionnaires were distributed and 260 valid questionnaires were collected. The reliability of the questionnaire, the measurement and structural models were tested using SPSS 22.0 and AMOS 21.0 program. [Result] Attitude and subjective norms were proved to increase golfers' behavioral intention (β=.453, t=2.61; β=.245, t=2.53). Perceived behavior control was proved to significantly affect golfers’behavioral intention(β=.259, t=4.55). Behavioral intention was also proved to significantly affect golfers' behavior(β=.656, t=6.11). Air pollution were significantly positive relationships between behavioral intention(β =.276, t=4.73) and behavior(β=.327, t=6.13). [Conclusion] Attitude, subjective norms, perceived behavior control and air pollution were significantly increased behavioral intention. Air pollution and behavioral intention significantly influenced behavior.

Possibility of Superovulation from Artificial Induced Estrus Dog by Feeding of Rice Punch and Administration of Hormone

Pu-Rum Park,Seok-Hwan Song,A-Na Ha,Kyeong-Lim Lee,Chowdhury MMR,Imran Khan,Mesalam Ayman,Xu Lian Guang,Myeong-Don Joo,Il-Keun Kong 한국동물생명공학회(구 한국동물번식학회) 2015 발생공학 국제심포지엄 및 학술대회 Vol.2015 No.10

Novel pretreatment using ionic liquid for improving enzymatic saccharification and nanofibrillation of lignocellulosic biomass

Song Yi Han,Chan Woo Park,Hyun Woo Nam Gung,Pu reun na rae Seo,Seung Hwan Lee 강원대학교 산림과학연구소 2017 강원대학교 산림과학연구소 학술대회 Vol.2017 No.11

Quantum Chemical Studies on Nicotinato Lead(II) Complex [Pb(II)(C5H4NCOO)2]

Pu Su Zhao*,Rong Qing Li,Jie Song,Meng Ping Guo 대한화학회 2008 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.29 No.3

The title compound of nicotinato lead(II) complex [Pb(C5H4NCOO)2] has been optimized at B3LYP/LANL2DZ and HF/LANL2DZ levels of theory. The calculated results show that the lead(II) ion adopts 2-coordinate geometry, which is the same as its crystal structure and different from the 4-coordinate geometry of isonicotinato lead(II) complex. Atomic charge distributions indicate that during forming the title compound, each nicotinic acid ion transfers their negative charges to central lead(II) ion. The electronic spectra calculated by B3LYP/LANL2DZ level show that there exist two absorption bands, which have some red shifts compared with those of isonicotinato lead(II) complex and the electronic transitions are mainly derived from intraligand π-π* transition and ligand-to-metal charge transfer (LMCT) transition. CIS-HF method is not suitable for the system studied here. The thermodynamic properties of the title compound at different temperatures have been calculated and corresponding relations between the properties and temperature have also been obtained. The second order optical nonlinearity was calculated, and the molecular hyperpolarizability was 1.147754 ´ 10^30 esu.

Cryopreservation of Canine Sperm using Carboxylated Poly-L-Lysine

Pu-Rum Park,Ru-Teo Na,Jun-Ha Lee,In-Gi Park,A-Na Ha,Seok-Hwan Song,Yu-Gon Kim,Jae-Il Bang,Eul-Soo Choi,Kyu-Woan Cho,Il-Keun Kong 한국동물생명공학회(구 한국동물번식학회) 2014 한국동물번식학회 한중일 심포지엄 Vol.2014 No.1