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Recent Changes in Vietnam's Politico-Military Relations with the USSR and PRC
Douglas Pike 서울대학교 사회과학연구소 1989 社會科學과政策硏究 Vol.10 No.3
1) The Hanoi-Moscow relationship is a product of Vietnamese dependence since Hanoi is on the socialist world dole; and of percoived Soviet strategic opportunity, symbolized by Cam Ranh Bay as a Soviet naval facility. Historically, the relationship is not well grounded. The Vietnamese do not have much confidence in the USSR and Soviet national interests may turn it away from Vietnam. The subliminal level particularly lacks harmony, an all important factor in Asia, and which has great lnog range meaning. What fixes the relationship for both, in different ways, is China. We should bear in mind that since things have never gone particularly well for the USSR in Asia, Vietnam is additionally important to it, representing a test of policy success.
Seasonal Prevalence of Mosquitoes Collected from Light Traps in the Republic of Korea, 2002
김흥철,정성태,Jason G. PIKE,Monica L. O'GUINN,Laura A. PACHA,이희춘,Terry A. KLEIN 한국곤충학회 2004 Entomological Research Vol.34 No.3
Adult mosquito surveillance was conducted during 2002 at 30 US military installationsand training sites located in six provinces in the Republic of Korea (ROK). Adult mosquitoeswere collected in New Jersey and dry ice-baited New Jersey light traps from 1 May through15 October. Mosquito surveillance was conducted to determine threshold levels to initiate pesticideapplications and identify malaria infection rates at selected Army installations and trainingsites. A total of 100,617 adults [82,410 (81.9%) females and 18,207 (18.1%) males] comprising 17species and 7 genera were collected during 2002. The most common species collected were Culextritaeniorhynchus Giles (49.5%), Anopheles sinensis Wiedemann (30.9%), Culex pipiensCoquillett (11.8%) and Aedes vexans nipponii (Theobald) (7.1%). Trap indices (TIs) varied widelyfor species over their range, due in part, to geographical distribution and degree of association withurban communities. Anopheles sinensis were collected at the same level while Culex tritaeniorhynchusincreased by 27.2% in 2001, due in part to very high populations of Culex tritaeniorhynchusat Gunsan Air Base. The weekly population densities for some species werevariable for each of the years, apparently as a result of variable annual weather conditions. None ofAnopheles sp. assayed for plasmodium vivax (Pv) malaria infections by Enzyme LinkedImmunosorbent Assay (ELISA) were positive.
How Attachment Styles Relate to Experience of Stress Among North American and Korean Missionaries
( Eunyoung Kim ),( Patricia Pike ) 한국목회상담학회 2015 목회와 상담 Vol.25 No.-
The present study examined the relationships among attachment styles, perceived stress, and coping patterns. A total of 128 North American and Korean missionaries from several Christian mission organizations participated in the study. Attachment Styles Questionnaire (ASQ), Perceived Stress Scale, and Ways of Coping Questionnaire were used for this study. Due to English fluency and nationalities, 110 North Korean and Korean missionaries’ responses were analyzed for descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, and analyses of variance. The most salient findings of this study were that secure attachment was related to low perceived stress and that insecure attachment was related to high perceived stress. This general finding supports both the theory regarding the pervasive impact of early attachment styles, and previous research done primarily in the US. The problemfocused coping patterns showed a significant negative correlation only between stress and the avoidant attachment style as measured by the ASQ Discomfort with Closeness scale for North American missionaries. Notably, the results also indicated (a) a difference between correlation patterns of Korean missionaries and North American missionaries, and (b) a main effect of culture for dismissing and avoidant attachment styles and for emotionfocused and problem-focused coping. In each case, the Korean missionaries scored higher than the American missionaries did. The differences between cultural groups were discussed. The statistical differences between the two cultural groups indicate that expanded research on the differences and similarities between cultures will be an interesting and valuable subject for future research. Implications for missionary member care are also discussed.
Production of Doubled Haploid Onions (Allium cepa) and Evaluation of Their Field Performance
Sunggil Kim,Kil Sun Yoo,Leonard M. Pike 한국원예학회 2007 Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology Vol.48 No.3
Doubled haploid lines in onion (Allium cepa) are homozygous for all loci and can be used as valuable materials for inheritance studies of complex traits and pure line production for F₁ hybrid breeding. In this study, doubled haploid lines and their F₁ hybrids were produced and their field performance was compared with commercial open-pollinated cultivars. Six doubled haploid lines were produced from haploid culture. Four F₁ hybrids were produced by crossing doubled haploid lines with sterile breeding lines. Doubled haploid lines, F₁ hybrids, and five commercial open-pollinated cultivars were grown at two locations. After harvesting the bulbs, equatorial diameter, polar diameter, shape index, weight, soluble solid content, and pungency were measured. Doubled haploid lines and F₁ hybrids generally showed higher uniformity as compared with commercial cultivars for all traits. Hybrid vigor, a good response to favorable growing conditions, and high stability were observed in F₁ hybrids. Overall, it was demonstrated that doubled haploid lines were more uniform than open-pollinated cultivars and could be utilized as parental lines for F₁ hybrid production with high uniformity.
Kil Sun Yoo,Haejeen Bang,Leonard Pike,Bhimanagouda S. Patil,Eun Jin Lee 한국원예학회 2020 Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology Vol.61 No.2
Plant pigments such as anthocyanins and carotenoids have been shown to be benefi cial to human health. Therefore, carrotlines of diff erent colors have been recently developed. This study aimed to characterize terpenoid, carotene, anthocyanin,and soluble solids content and antioxidant activity levels in orange, yellow, black, and purple carrots to develop new colorcarrot cultivars with more nutrients, health benefi ts, and consumer acceptance. Both individual and total terpenoid contentgreatly varied among breeding lines. Each line had a unique composition, and there was no general pattern between color andterpenoid content. Orange carrot roots had high levels of α-carotene, β-carotene, and total carotenoids compared with yellow. Red carrots were characterized by high lycopene content, and black carrots exhibited identical levels of lycopene content toyellow carrots. Leaf tissues contained lutein as the main carotenoid followed by β-carotene. There was no clear relationshipbetween leaf and root carotene profi les and content. Black and purple root colors were determined by composition and amountof anthocyanin compounds, and about fi ve major compounds were detected in this study. Total anthocyanin content was highin solid black carrots and decreased as the interior root color contained more yellow, with low and trace levels in purple andorange carrots, respectively. Soluble solid content ranged between 4.0 and 9.5 °Brix among lines. Anthocyanin content washighly correlated with antioxidant activity. Each color of carrot contained diff erent levels of the tested compounds and mayrequire extensive breeding to obtain desired levels.
Sunggil Kim,Kil Sun Yoo,Leonard M. Pike 한국원예학회 2007 Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology Vol.48 No.4
Bulb color is an important trait in onion (Allium cepa) breeding, but the lack of a method to quantify red color intensity in a large number of samples has hindered assessment of essential breeding parameters such as heritability. We developed a new method based on digital imaging that allows facile quantification of red color intensity in a large number of samples. The brightness of dry skin in digital images was measured using the histogram function of Adobe<SUP>®</SUP> Photoshop<SUP>®</SUP> and showed highly significant correlation with both visual rating of red intensity and anthocyanin content. This method was utilized to assess the uniformity of red color intensity of doubled haploid (DH) lines and location effects on red color development. Three red DH lines, four pink F₁ hybrids, and three red commercial cultivars were grown at two locations with three replications. DH lines showed less variation of color intensity than commercial cultivars. A significant location effect on the red color intensity was observed in combined analysis of variance from two locations.