Vernacular Visions in North and South Korea: Interlingual Translations of Unyŏng chŏn (The Tale of Unyŏng) and Ideologies of National Literature

Pieper, Daniel 성균관대학교 동아시아학술원 2023 Sungkyun Journal of East Asian Studies Vol.23 No.2

This article focuses on two translations of The Tale of Unyŏng (Unyŏng chŏn 雲英傳, early seventeenth century) into vernacular Korean in South Korea (1960) and North Korea (1966). Looking beyond the classical paradigm of interlingual and intralingual translation as “translation proper” and “rewording,” respectively, the article argues that translations of classical Korean fiction from Literary Sinitic into vernacular Korean represented a form of transitional intralingual translation as each nation navigated away from active membership in the Sinographic Cosmopolis and attempted to establish a new national literature and literary medium. Whereas the South Korean translation is tethered closely to the Literary Sinitic original in terms of lexicon, orthography, and representation of classical allusions and perpetuates three tiers of literacy, the North Korean translation hews much more closely to spoken vernacular and traditional kungmun manuscript versions of classical fiction and embodies the overriding North Korean policy of sinograph abolition and han'gŭl promotion.

Chinese, Russian, and Turkish Policies in the Iranian Nuclear Dossier: Between Resistance to Hegemony and Hegemonic Accommodation

Pieper, Moritz 서울대학교 통일평화연구원 2014 Asian Journal of Peacebuilding Vol.2 No.1

This article sheds light on the foreign policies of China, Russia, and Turkey towards the controversial Iranian nuclear program and analyzes to what extent their policies are indicative of a security culture that resists hegemony. While advocating a nonhegemonic security culture discursively, China, Russia, and Turkey still partially adhere to hegemonic power structures on a behavioral level. These states’ policies are the outcome of a balancing act between resistance to hegemony and hegemonic accommodation. The analysis in this article nuances the idea that counter-hegemonic discourses of rising powers always herald a revisionist power transition. The article thereby makes a contribution to the scholarly debate about emerging powers and the coexistence between declining hegemonic powers and norm-shapers in the making.

Designing organisms with new metabolic properties

Pieper, D.H.,Lehning, A.,Beil, S.,Blasco, R.,Mallavarapu, M.,Hofer, B.,Seeger, M.,Jakobs, B.,Erb, R.,Wittich, R.-M.,Happe, B.,Timmis, K.N. 숙명여자대학교 환경과학연구센터 1996 환경과학논문집 Vol.4 No.-

During the past decades enormous quantities of industrial chemicals have been released into the envionment. Although most of these compounds are readily biodegraded, some-mainly those having novel structural elements or substituents not or rarely found in natrue (xenobiotics)-are only catabolized slowly and thus tend to persist in the environment, Chloroaromatic compounds represent particularly hazardous pollutants. They are and have been used as pesticides, solvents, plasticizers and dielectric fluids, and a number of highly toxic compounds such as chlorinated dioxins have been formed as by-products of industrial processes and during incineration of organic wastes. The existence of many wate storage sites containing toxic chemicals and large scale, though now diminishing, chronic pollution from current industrial practices, necessitate both the termination of production of toxic and persistent industrial chemical, and the more efficient exploitation of remediation technologies, in order to diminish the consequences of existing and ongoing environmental pollution.

The Effect of Regional Economic Conditions on U.S. Monetary Policy

Paul Pieper,Sang-In Hwang 한국무역연구원 2018 무역연구 Vol.14 No.1

U.S. monetary policy is determined primarily by the Federal Open Market Committee. This paper examined whether the Reserve Bank president’s voting behavior at the FOMC is influenced by economic conditions in their district, using new and precise estimates of district unemployment and a longer and more recent time series. We find that the district unemployment rate is the primary determinant of Regional Bank Presidents’ probability of dissension from FOMC policy decisions. In our baseline regression, a one percent increase in the district unemployment rate relative to the national rate increases the probability of a tightening dissension by 1.3 percentage points. This result is robust to addition of other explanatory variables and to the use of alternative estimation methods. The study also finds that the rate of dissension by Regional Bank Presidents does not depend upon either the national unemployment rate or national inflation rate. This suggests that Regional Bank Presidents react to these variables in the same manner as the rest of the FOMC.

KOREAN AS TRANSITIONAL LITERACY : LANGUAGE POLICY AND KOREAN COLONIAL EDUCATION, 1910–1919

DANIEL PIEPER 계명대학교 한국학연구원 2015 Acta Koreana Vol.18 No.2

One area of research that has garnered meager albeit growing attention in Korean history is the intersection of language, literacy, and education, the examination of which demands a transnational perspective, as well as an interdisciplinary methodology. Within the colonial paradigm, a transnational conceptualization is indeed the only way to fundamentally grasp the linguistic configuration (Yasuda 1997) or landscape as it was actualized in the colonial public school. Focusing on the first decade of Japanese colonial rule in Korea (1910–1919), I examine the interaction between the Korean language and the various other languages and écritures that constituted the colonial linguistic landscape. I argue that a multiplicity of factors influenced the formation of literacies during this period, including the interactive (and necessarily competitive) relationships between languages and writing practices, the development of literature and writing styles, processes of translation, and dictionary compilation. Despite the functioning of these processes, the ultimate vector of literacy establishment and linguistic dominance was the Japanese public school (K. pot’ong hakkyo) and its language policies due to its primary institutional role in normalizing language legitimization. By tracing the shifting contours of the linguistic configuration from the outset of colonial rule, I attempt to reveal how the foundations of subsequent cultural hegemony were laid, while simultaneously contributing to the development of a more nuanced understanding of change and transition in modern Korean history, especially at the underexplored intersection of Korean language, literacy, and education.

Chinese, Russian, and Turkish Policies in the Iranian Nuclear Dossier: Between Resistance to Hegemony and Hegemonic Accommodation

( Moritz Pieper ) 서울대학교 통일평화연구원 2014 Asian Journal of Peacebuilding Vol.2 No.1

This article sheds light on the foreign policies of China, Russia, and Turkey towards the controversial Iranian nuclear program and analyzes to what extent their policies are indicative of a security culture that resists hegemony. While advocating a nonhegemonic security culture discursively, China, Russia, and Turkey still partially adhere to hegemonic power structures on a behavioral level. These states` policies are the outcome of a balancing act between resistance to hegemony and hegemonic accommodation. The analysis in this article nuances the idea that counter-hegemonic discourses of rising powers always herald a revisionist power transition. The article thereby makes a contribution to the scholarly debate about emerging powers and the coexistence between declining hegemonic powers and norm-shapers in the making.

Techniques for 40 Gbit/s OTDM-Systems

W. Pieper,R. Ludwig,H. G. Weber 한국통신학회 1997 OPTOELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE Vol.2 No.1

코스모폴리탄어에서 국어로 -19세기말 한국의 언어적 근대성과 속어의 회전(1880년대-1910년)-

대니얼피퍼 ( Daniel Pieper ) 국제한국문학문화학회 2023 사이 Vol.34 No.-

1880년-1890년대의 조선 후기에 유교 고전 교육을 받으면서 현대 지식과 해외경험에서 영감을 받은 신흥사대부들이 두각을 나타내기 시작했다. 그 중 으뜸가는 인물은 게이오 기주쿠(慶應義塾)에서 영향력 있는 후쿠자와 유키치 밑에서 공부한 유길준이었다. 유길준은 한국인 최초로 미국에서 유학하며 귀국한 후 경험을 기록한 서유견문(西遊見聞 1895)이란 계몽서를 저술하였다. 이전 연구에서는 이 책이 고립된 조선에 서구 지식을 전파하는 데 미치는 영향을 강조했지만, 유길준이 선택한 작법도 마찬가지로 획기적이었다. 즉 새로운 지식을 전달하기 위한 국한문인 속어(vernacular)의 형식이었다. 이러한 속어의 회전과 함께 조선이 국제무대에서 완전한 독립국가로 이행함에 따라 국문을 국유화하고 한문을 타자화하려는 이념적 전환이 수반되었다. 이러한 언어 개혁의 신속성에도 불구하고, 코스모폴리탄(cosmopolitan, 보편)적 전통과의 완전한 단절을 나타내는 것이 아니라 오히려 현대 일본어 개혁 운동의 영향을 받고 민족주의적 목적을 지향하는 전근대 글쓰기 관행의 재편제를 보여주었다. 19세기 후반 한국의 “언어 근대화” 운동은 속어화의 한 물결이었다. 이 물결은 훈민정음의 발명(1444년) 이후의 초기 물결의 언어적 도구를 활용했으며, 일본의 속어화 선례에서 사상적 영향을 받고 조선의 출현한 독립을 특징으로 하는 주권과 민족주의 담론으로 개보수되었다. In the 1880s and 1890s a new generation of scholar-officials in Chosŏn Korea trained in the Confucian Classics but informed by modern knowledge and inspired by experience abroad came to prominence. Chief among these was Yu Kilchun (1856-1914) who studied at Keiō Gijuku (慶應義塾) under the influential Fukuzawa Yukichi, became the first Korean to study abroad in the United States, and wrote a record of his experiences upon return, the enlightenment tome Things Seen and Heard in the West (西遊見聞 1895). While previous research has highlighted the influence of this book in spreading knowledge of the West in the largely isolated Chosŏn, Yu’s chosen method of composition was equally groundbreaking:a mixed-script form of vernacular Korean for conveying new knowledge. Accompanying this linguistic shift was an ideological transformation that aimed at nationalizing Korean writing and otherizing Literary Sinitic (漢文) as Chosŏn transitioned toward a fully independent nation in the international arena. Despite the rapidity of these language reforms, they did not represent a clean break with the cosmopolitan tradition, but rather a reconfiguration of premodern writing practices informed by the contemporary Japanese language reform movement and directed toward nationalistic purposes. Korea’s late 19th-century “linguistic modernization” movement represented a wave of vernacularization, one that utilized the linguistic tools of earlier waves following the invention of the alphabet (1444), inspired by Japanese vernacularization precedents and retrofitted with the discourse of sovereignty and nationalism characterizing Chosŏn’s emergent independence.

덕(德)의 의미, 어제와 오늘

안네마리에 피퍼(Annemarie Pieper),김형수(번역자) 광주가톨릭대학교 신학연구소 2012 神學展望 Vol.- No.178

오늘날 덕이라는 용어가 시대에 뒤떨어지게 된 이유는, 개인의 자기 이해에 대한 그리스도교의 영향력이 사라진 것과 덕이라는 용어가 오랫동안 가부장적인 의미를 지녀왔다는 데에 있다. 더욱이 오늘날 동등한 성역할과 평등한 권리의 성취로 인해 이전의 확정된 위계질서가 와해되면서 덕의 본질적 의미가 퇴색하게 되었다. 이러한 상황에서 오늘날 덕의 의미를 숙고하기 위해서는 이전의 덕에 대한 중요한 이해를 살펴보는 것이 필요하다. 우선 플라톤 이래로 지혜로움, 용감한, 신중함(절제), 올바름(정의)이라는 사추덕이 중요한 역할을 해 왔는데, 여기서 나머지 세 부분 간의 균형 는 관계가 이루어질 띠 올바름(정의)이 성립된다. 그러나 이러한 사추덕은 오늘날 플라톤 시대와는 달리, 올바름, 곧 정의가 각 개인의 수행을 통해서 저절로 드러나는 것이 아니라 제 삼자(판사)의 개입을 통해 가시화된다. 뿐만 아니라 플라톤이 가장 하위의 단계로 생각한 경계는 오늘날 최상위의 단계에 올라가 있다. 그리스도교에서는 사추덕과 더불어 신앙, 사랑, 희망이라는 세 가지 덕이 추가되었다. 그리스도교의 이러한 세 덕 역시 오늘날 심각한 도전에 직면해 있다. 우선 신앙은 세속화와 개인의 자율성 때문에 순전히 개인적 사안으로만 치부된다. 그리고 이웃 사랑의 자리에 연대성과 관용이라는 윤리적 특성을 지닌 덕이 대신 들어섰다. 더욱이 희망은 더 이상 덕으로 여길 수 없게 되었다. 더 나아가 오늘날 이 일곱 가지 덕의 이해에서 벗어나는 것은 변화된 인간상과도 관련된다. 마키아벨리의 경우, 덕은 역할과 상황에 따라 달라지는 태도를 의미하며, 칸트의 경우, 자유의 표출로 의무지우는 규범과 가치로 향하게 하는 어떤 태도의 특성을 덕으로 규정한다. 더 나아가 니체는 개인화된 덕의 윤리를 주장함으로써, 그리스도교의 덕과 칸트의 윤리학을 모두 비판한다. 그러나 니체에 의해 확립된 개인 윤리는 덕을 개인적인 의미부여로 축소시킴으로써 공동체 윤리의 규범을 와해시킨다. 결국 오늘날 개인이 스스로를 규정할 권리를 인정하면서도 공동체적 의무를 다시 강화시키는 덕에 대한 새로운 이해가 필요하다.

Superantigen SpeA attenuates the biofilm forming capacity of Streptococcus pyogenes

Anshu Babbar,Israel Barrantes,Dietmar H. Pieper,Andreas Itzek 한국미생물학회 2019 The journal of microbiology Vol.57 No.7

Beta haemolytic Group A streptococcus (GAS) or Streptococcus pyogenes are strict human pathogens responsible for mild to severe fatal invasive infections. Even with enormous number of reports exploring the role of S. pyogenes exotoxins in its pathogenesis, inadequate knowledge on the biofilm process and the potential role of exotoxins in bacterial dissemination from matured biofilms has been a hindrance in development of effective and targeted treatments. Therefore, the present study was aimed in investigating the uncharted role of these exotoxins in biofilm process. Through our study the putative role of ciaRH in the SpeA dependent ablation of biofilm formation could be speculated and thus helping in bacterial dissemination. The seed-dispersal effect of SpeA was time and concentration dependent and seen to be consistent within various streptococcal species. Transcriptome analysis of SpeA treated S. pyogenes biofilms revealed the involvement of many transcriptional regulators (ciaRH) and response genes (luxS, shr, shp, SPy_0572), hinting towards specific mechanisms underlying the dispersal effect by SpeA. This finding opens up a discussion towards understanding a new mechanism involved in the pathogenesis of Streptococcus pyogenes and might help in understanding the bacterial infections in a better way.