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Modelling Spatially Regulated <i>β</i>-Catenin Dynamics and Invasion in Intestinal Crypts
Murray, Philip J.,Kang, Jun-Won,Mirams, Gary R.,Shin, Sung-Young,Byrne, Helen M.,Maini, Philip K.,Cho, Kwang-Hyun Elsevier 2010 Biophysical journal Vol.99 No.3
<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>Experimental data (e.g., genetic lineage and cell population studies) on intestinal crypts reveal that regulatory features of crypt behavior, such as control via morphogen gradients, are remarkably well conserved among numerous organisms (e.g., from mouse and rat to human) and throughout the different regions of the small and large intestines. In this article, we construct a partial differential equation model of a single colonic crypt that describes the spatial distribution of Wnt pathway proteins along the crypt axis. The novelty of our continuum model is that it is based upon assumptions that can be directly related to processes at the cellular and subcellular scales. We use the model to predict how the distributions of Wnt pathway proteins are affected by mutations. The model is then extended to investigate how mutant cell populations can invade neighboring crypts. The model simulations suggest that cell crowding caused by increased proliferation and decreased cell loss may be sufficient for a mutant cell population to colonize a neighboring healthy crypt.</P>
Japanese Mo: Universal, Additive, and NPI
( Mana Kobuchi Philip ) 서울대학교 인지과학연구소 2009 Journal of Cognitive Science Vol.10 No.2
This paper discusses four distinct functions of the Japanese particle mo, namely, (i) the universal quantificational use of mo with an indeterminate; (ii) mo within a negative polarity item containing an indeterminate; (iii) mo within a negative polarity item functioning as a minimizer; and (iv) additive mo. Starting with Shimoyama (2001, 2006) and a significantly modified adaptation of Kobuchi-Philip`s (2008a) analysis of universal quantifcational mo, this paper proposes a unified semantic analysis of all four uses of mo. It is argued that X-mo is syntactically an adjunct, and that its semantics involves (i) a condition of membership in the denotation of the DP construed with the mo-phrase (the Condition of Inclusion in Moltmann 1995), (ii) a condition of membership in the predicate denotation, and (iii) a condition requiring the existence of an additional element with the same properties as the referent of what mo syntactically combines with.
Literatur 4.0 - Ein systemtheoretisches Erkenntnismodell für das Zeitalter künstlicher Intelligenz
Philip Jan Schaefer 한국독어독문학회 2017 獨逸文學 Vol.58 No.1
Vorliegender Aufsatz wendet Systemtheorie an, um zu einem besseren Verständnis des sich stetig wandelnden Charakters von Literatur und ihrer gesellschaftlichen Funktion zu gelangen. Dazu nutzt der Aufsatz die „differenztheoretische“ Ausrichtung luhmannscher Systemtheorie und schlägt als „Leitunterscheidung“ die Differenz von Werk und Nicht-Werk - von klar abzugrenzendem (und vermarktbarem) literarischen Produkt und lediglich in Text gespeicherter (als beliebig angesehener) Kommunikation - vor. Angesicht des technischen Wandels und der Möglichkeit von individualisierten, von künstlicher Intelligenz geschaffenen literarischen Werken ist eine solche Anpassung der erkenntnistheoretischen Grundlagen notwendig. Mit der Selektionsfunktion der KosumentInnen im Fokus des kulturellen Kommunikationsprozesses (u.a. bereits heute sichtbar durch die Selektions- und Vorschlagsfunktion von Unterhaltungsunternehmen wie Netflix, Youtube, oder Amazon), verlieren die AutorInnen immer stärker ihre Rolle als Schaffende. Der Aufsatz versucht dies anhand des Entstehungszusammenhangs von Helene Hegemanns Roman Axolotl Roadkill zu illustrieren. In diesem Roman verschwimmen die Rollen der AutorInnen. Hegemann hat einen großen Teil zunächst ohne Angabe des Urhebers vom Blogger Airen abgeschrieben. Der Literaturbetrieb fasste diese „editoriale Leistung“ als das eigentliches Werk auf, während er die schöpferische Leistung des Bloggers Airen – bedingt durch das Medium des Blogs - nicht als Werk betrachtet. Für das Verständnis dessen was Literatur sein kann und will, soll durch die Anwendung der Systemtheorie die theoretische Grundlage für eine sich im Zeitalter der „Literatur 4.0“ stetig verändernde kulturelle Landschaft bereitgestellt werden.
Philip Robinson, J.,Jyoti, Prasad Kakati,Sebastinraj, J.,Suriya, K The Korean Society of Plant Biotechnology 2017 식물생명공학회지 Vol.44 No.3
Cymbidium aloifolium (L). Sw. is an exquisite epiphytic orchid of the Kolli Hills (Eastern Ghats) of Tamil Nadu in Southern India. It is fast disappearing from its natural habitats due to deforestation and low germination rate in natural habitat. In the present study, an attempt was made to germinate the seeds from un-dehisced capsule of Cymbidium aloifolium (L). Sw under in vitro condition. The seed germination and protocorm development were recorded in three different well known media namely Knudson C (KC), Half strength Murashige & Skoog (1/2 MS) and Vacin & Went (VW) media. The highest seed germination of 90% was observed KC basal media after $30^{th}$ days whereas germination percentages were 40% and 30% on 1/2 MS and VW media respectively. The well-developed protocorm were transferred to KC media supplemented with 6-Benzyl Amino Purine (BAP) and Naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) where BAP (1.0 mg/l) and NAA (1.0 mg/l) together were found to be optimum for the highest shoot formation. About 90% of the shoots found to be well rooted after transfer to the KC medium differently supplemented with 1.5 mg/l Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and 1.0 mg/l Indole-3-butyric acid (IBA). Though rooting also took place in the two basic media but the duration was longer when compared with the hormone-supplemented media. The rooted plantlets were hardened and kept under greenhouse conditions which can be relocated in natural habitats.
India’s higher education challenges
Philip G. Altbach 서울대학교 교육연구소 2014 Asia Pacific Education Review Vol.15 No.4
India, with the world’s second largest higher education system and a rapidly growing economy as one of the BRIC nations, faces significant challenges in building both capacity and excellence in higher education. India’s higher education system is characterized by “islands of excellence in a sea of mediocrity.” The mainstream universities are recognized as lacking in quality. Only the Indian Institutes of Technology and related institutions garner international recognition. This article analyzes the challenges facing India’s higher education system in the twenty-first century.
Antifungal Activity of Chitinase- and Chitosanase-Producing Rhizosphere Bacteria
( Philip Ahn ),( Dong-jun Seo ),( Yong-su Song ),( Woo-jin Jung ) 한국키틴키토산학회 2021 한국키틴키토산학회지 Vol.26 No.3
In this study, the chitinolytic activity of rhizosphere bacteria was detected on a 0.2% colloidal chitin agar medium. A zone of clearance indicating chitinase activity was observed around the discs in Paenarthrobacter nicotinovorans, Chitinophaga oryziterrae, and Bacillus stratosphericus. For the determination of the pH stability of the bacterial chitinase, the three bacterial isolates were incubated at different pH ranges from pH 3~7. All three isolates showed the highest chitinase activity at pH 4. Five chitinase isozymes (66, 57, 49, 45 and 36 kDa) and one chitosanase (40 kDa) were detected in P. nicotinovorans. While C. oryziterrae did not. P. nicotinovorans showed the highest antifungal activity on PDA against Botrytis cinerea and Colletotirchum higginisianum. However, in the potato dextrose broth, C. oryziterrae showed the highest antifungal activity based on the fungal mycelial dry weight measurement. These results indicate that three chitinase-producing rhizosphere bacteria can potentially be used as biocontrol agents in agricultural applications.