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Skew Detection and Correction of Gurmukhi Words from Natural Scene Images
Balwinder Singh,Raman Maini 보안공학연구지원센터 2016 International Journal of Signal Processing, Image Vol.9 No.9
Natural scene images are more susceptible to skew deformation as compared to document text which makes skew correction an indispensable step in scene text extraction. This work evaluates Murthy’s Devanagari scene word slant correction method [Signal, Image and Video Processing, 7(6), 2012] on Gurmukhi scene images. The method makes use of headline feature of Devanagari which also exist in Gurmukhi script. The headline of Gurmukhi word is found by perceiving farthest located salient points as its end-points and skew angle of headline is calculated from its slope. Gurmukhi word image is de-skewed using skew angle of identified headline. The method has been tested on 100 self-captured good quality Gurmukhi and 117 publically available Devanagari scene words with average accuracy of 62.8% and 72.2% respectively. The method has been found to be working well on few samples of defective scene words, provided actual end-points of headline are preserved. It has been observed that Murthy’s method is very simple to implement, does not require any pre-processing and give good results in wide variety of practical situations. However, this method does not work well for single character words with vowel above headline and words with identified headline parallel to horizontal axis.
Ng Jeremy Y,Hilal Arwa,Maini Ishana 한국한의학연구원 2022 Integrative Medicine Research Vol.11 No.2
Background: Traditional, complementary and integrative medicine (TCIM) is sought by more than 50% of patients with osteoporosis. Despite this, many healthcare providers lack the knowledge to adequately counsel patients on safe and effective TCIM use. The purpose of this study was to determine the quantity and quality of TCIM recommendations in clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) for the treatment and/or management of osteoporosis. Methods: MEDLINE, EMBASE and CINAHL databases, in addition to the Guidelines International Network, and the National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health website from 2009—2020 were searched. CPGs making TCIM recommendations for the treatment/management of osteoporosis were assessed with the AGREE II instrument. Results: Of 536 unique search results, 27 osteoporosis CPGs made mention of TCIM therapies. From highest to lowest, scaled domain percentages of all eligible CPGs averaged to 92.59% for scope and purpose, 88.79% for clarity in presentation, 55.04% for stakeholder involvement, 47.84% for editorial independence, 46.53% for rigor of development, and 36.96% for applicability. Of the 27 CPGs assessed, 4 CPGs were recommended as is by both appraisers, while 23 CPGs were recommended with modifications. Conclusion: Recommendations pertaining to calcium and vitamin D supplementation and exercise were favorably recommended across nearly all CPGs. In the case of other TCIM interventions, recommendations varied greatly, which may present challenges for CPGs, target users due to a lack of consistency. Given the varying quality of osteoporosis CPGs found, those requiring improvement may benefit from their guideline development panel utilizing the AGREE II instrument to inform future updates.
Oscillatory Turing Patterns in a Simple Reaction-Diffusion System
Ruey-Tarng Liu,Philip K. Maini,Sy-Sang Liaw 한국물리학회 2007 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.50 No.1I
Turing suggested that, under certain conditions, chemicals can react and diffuse in such a way as to produce steady-state inhomogeneous spatial patterns of chemical concentrations. We consider a simple two-variable reaction-diffusion system and find there is a spatio-temporally oscillating solution (STOS) in parameter regions where linear analysis predicts a pure Turing instability and no Hopf instability. We compute the boundary of the STOS and spatially non-uniform solution (SSNS) regions and investigate what features control its behavior.
Ng Jeremy Y.,Liu Shawn,Maini Ishana,Pereira Will,Cramer Holger,Moher David 한국한의학연구원 2023 Integrative Medicine Research Vol.12 No.3
Background: The sharing of health-related information has become increasingly popular on social media. Unregulated information sharing has led to the spread of misinformation, especially regarding complementary, alternative, and integrative medicine (CAIM). This scoping review synthesized evidence surrounding the spread of CAIM-related misinformation on social media during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: This review was informed by a modified version of the Arksey and O'Malley scoping review framework. AMED, EMBASE, PsycINFO and MEDLINE databases were searched systematically from inception to January 2022. Eligible articles explored COVID-19 misinformation on social media and contained sufficient information on CAIM therapies. Common themes were identified using an inductive thematic analysis approach. Results: Twenty-eight articles were included. The following themes were synthesized: 1) misinformation prompts unsafe and harmful behaviours, 2) misinformation can be separated into different categories, 3) individuals are capable of identifying and refuting CAIM misinformation, and 4) studies argue governments and social media companies have a responsibility to resolve the spread of COVID-19 misinformation. Conclusions: Misinformation can spread more easily when shared on social media. Our review suggests that misinformation about COVID-19 related to CAIM that is disseminated online contributes to unsafe health behaviours, however, this may be remedied via public education initiatives and stricter media guidelines. The results of this scoping review are crucial to understanding the behavioural impacts of the spread of COVID-19 misinformation about CAIM therapies, and can inform the development of public health policies to mitigate these issues.
Modelling Spatially Regulated <i>β</i>-Catenin Dynamics and Invasion in Intestinal Crypts
Murray, Philip J.,Kang, Jun-Won,Mirams, Gary R.,Shin, Sung-Young,Byrne, Helen M.,Maini, Philip K.,Cho, Kwang-Hyun Elsevier 2010 Biophysical journal Vol.99 No.3
<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>Experimental data (e.g., genetic lineage and cell population studies) on intestinal crypts reveal that regulatory features of crypt behavior, such as control via morphogen gradients, are remarkably well conserved among numerous organisms (e.g., from mouse and rat to human) and throughout the different regions of the small and large intestines. In this article, we construct a partial differential equation model of a single colonic crypt that describes the spatial distribution of Wnt pathway proteins along the crypt axis. The novelty of our continuum model is that it is based upon assumptions that can be directly related to processes at the cellular and subcellular scales. We use the model to predict how the distributions of Wnt pathway proteins are affected by mutations. The model is then extended to investigate how mutant cell populations can invade neighboring crypts. The model simulations suggest that cell crowding caused by increased proliferation and decreased cell loss may be sufficient for a mutant cell population to colonize a neighboring healthy crypt.</P>