From Power to Biopower

Paul?Antoine Miquel 인천대학교 인문학연구소 2011 인문학연구 Vol.15 No.-

Unacceptable but Indispensable: Opium Law and Regulations in Guangdong, 1912-1936

Xavier Paulès 고려대학교 민족문화연구원 2013 Cross-Currents Vol.- No.7

During most of the period from 1912 to 1936, Guangdong Province was independent from the central government. The local authorities there were facing a dilemma regarding opium, as others were elsewhere in China. On the one hand, opium was considered the symbol of China’s weakness, and its suppression was a top priority; on the other hand, opium taxes represented an indispensable source of fiscal income. Some Guangdong power holders were truly committed to a suppression agenda, especially from 1913 to 1924. During this period, with the exception of a brief interlude from 1915 to 1916, opium laws were prohibition laws. Even if these laws were not always enforced with full vigor, the drug remained illegal in Guangdong. After 1924, opium was legalized, and the authorities openly ruled an opium monopoly. They came out with increasingly comprehensive regulations, which proved successful in increasing opium revenues. Yet, as this article makes clear, there was nothing like direct government control: traditional tax-farming arrangements with local opium merchants (though under stricter supervision) remained the backbone of the monopoly. The article also pays attention to the influence of the Six-Year Plan (1935–1940) launched by the Nanking government. As a credible set of suppression laws, it appealed to the Guangdong progressive elites who were hostile to opium. They urged the local autocrat Chen Jitang to take similar action. Chen made attempts to launch his own plans for suppressing opium, but they were unconvincing and nothing concrete came out of them. This article suggests that, in order to obtain a better understanding of how easily Chen Jitang was driven out of power in the summer of 1936, it is necessary to take into account the significant contribution of the Six-Year Plan in undermining his legitimacy.

Issues in Hiriong People with Disabilities Expressed by Employers

Christina Kim,Heidi Paul 국립특수교육원 2007 특수교육연구 Vol.14 No.1

고용주의 장애인 고용에 대한 현안사항 탐색-미국 캘리포니아 지역을 중심으로 -Christina Kimm* Heidi Paul**이 연구는 장애인을 고용할 때 고용주가 갖는 기대와 문제점을 주목적으로 장애인의 고용률을 증가시킬 수 있는 요소가 무엇인지를 알아보고자 하는 연구이다 . 연구의 참가자는 미국 캘리포니아주 남부(남가주)에 사업체를 가지고 있는 2,000여 명의 고용주들에게 설문지를 보내어 약 665명으로부터 얻은 결과를 기록했다 . 참가자는 남가주 지역사회의 구성인원의 비율보다는 동양인과 히스패닉

농촌소유역의 강우시 유출유량과 수질과의 관계연구

정팔진,조선영 全北大學校 附設 都市및環境硏究所 1999 都市 및 環境硏究 Vol.14 No.1

The purpose of this study is to find out characteristics of nonpoint source-pollutant loads. For this, aspects of water quality change in storm days, the relationships for stream flow versus pollutant mass loads was studied. Also the pollutant contributions from nonpoint sources and loading rates was measured. In this study, the Sumjin river drainage, two of Holding reservoir upstreams, was investigated. The reults of this study are as follows. · Changes in water quality showed that parameters such as SS, COD, PO_4-P, T-P, NH_4-N concentration increased about two ∼ ten times during rain situations. On the other hand, NO_2-N, NO_3-N, T-N concentration decreased about two third times as the concentration in dry periods. · The regression equations for stream flow versus pollutant loads were obtained : SS, COD, BOD_5, NH_4-N, NO_2-N, NO_3-N, T-N, PO_4-P, T-P, Chl-a

소양천의 수질현황 및 영양도 판정에 관한 고찰

정팔진,김민정,권지영 全北大學校 附設 都市및環境硏究所 1997 都市 및 環境硏究 Vol.12 No.1

This study was performed in order to estimate the water quality and the trophic state for Soyang Stream. To investigate the water quality of Soyang Stream, samples were collected 3 times during this study period at seven points. The water quality criteria of the Soyang Stream is polluted over second grade. Particularly, Soyang chun were polluted highly from pollution of the branches. By using the standards of EPA, the standards of Forsberg & Sakamoto, the standard of Vollenweider and KTSI, this study was done the present condition of trophication for Soyang Stream. The limiting factor of Soyang Stream was T-P by the standards of Forsberg & Sakamoto and the standard of Vollenweider. By using the standards of EPA, the standard of Vollenweider and KTSI, the result was "eutrophic" at all points of Soyang Stream.

이온화가스를 이용한 고농도 유기성 폐수처리에 관한 연구

정팔진,조선영,류재웅 全北大學校 附設 都市및環境硏究所 1999 都市 및 環境硏究 Vol.14 No.1

Livestock wastewater contains high organic and nutrient concentration, and its BOD, COD, SS are high. The treatment of two wastewater by biological method has some problems in the removal of nutrient and organic matter, so it needs for new treatment method. This study carried out concerned the treatment of live stock wastewater by plasma, with Lab scale and pilot scale test. Batch reactor was used in Lab scale test, total reaction time of high and low concentration wastewater was 32hr and 6hr respectively. Continuous reactor was used in pilot scale test, the system is consists of reactor, settling tank. The result of this experiment are summarized as following. · In the Lab scale test, Removal efficiency of COD, TN, TP, SS were around 70 ∼ 99%. · In pre-step, major removal effect is sedimentation and decomposition is major removal effect in post-step.

축산폐수처리장의 운영실태 및 개선방안에 관한 연구

정팔진,곽동희,조선영,전민식 전북대학교 공학연구원 ( 구 전북대학교 공업기술연구소 ) 2002 工學硏究 Vol.33 No.-

This study was carried out to gain operating conditions and performance improvement in J livestock treatment facility. In order to livestock wastewater, Hybrid system (biological treatment and physicochemical treatment) was operated with B3 system and advanced treatment system. Conclusions of this study were as follows: 1. COD and TN was excess design removal efficiency in treatment process 2. Influent quality was are fluctuating sharply 3. The result of biodegradability test was NBD 50%, then was led to biological treatment limit.

Burkholderia cepacia를 이용한 축산폐수의 처리

정팔진,조선영,현미희,김민정,이은주,전민식 한국물환경학회 2004 한국물환경학회지 Vol.20 No.6

We found that the Bacterium Burkholderia cepacia in livestock wastewater treatment plant was predominant species. We investigated the growth rate of this and treatment characteristics for organic matter and nitrogen removal in livestock wastewater using this microorganism. First, we cultured B. cepacia. And then, to conducted treatment for livestock wastewater by using B. cepacia., we changed C/N from 0.2~4.4. When we operated A and B process, changing F/M ratio from 1.2 to 4.4. In experiment of C/N variations, when C/N was 1.8, we found that the optimal condition for organic matter and nutrient removal effect was higher and the removal efficiency of SCOD_(cr), SBOD_5, NH₄-N was 78.4%, 95% and 74.8%. So, It is possible to treat the wastewater having the lower C/N contents such as livestock wastewater using this microorganism. In experiment of A and B process for livestock wastewater, we found that the removal efficiency of organic matter and nitrogen in operating mode of A process was higher than that of B process. Also, the optimal F/M operating A process was 0.013 and the removal efficiency of SBOD_5, SCOD_(cr), TN and TP were 97%, 60%, 95% and 91%.

타성상폐수의 주입이 하수처리효율에 미치는 영향

정팔진,곽동희,송탁식 全北大學校 附設 都市및環境硏究所 1996 都市 및 環境硏究 Vol.11 No.1

This study was to investigate the effects of dumping nightsoil, septage, and leachate to the activated sludge process receiving a mixture of sewage and industrial wastewater on its treatment performance. For the mixture of sewage and industrial wastewater, the overall removal efficiencies of BOD, COD and SS were 87.6%, 74.5% and 94.0% respectively. When the nightsoil and septage were dumped into the plant, the scum and foaming problems occurred at each stage of treatment unit. Direct dumping of the septage also induced the DO deficiencies in the aeration tanks, which resulted in a deflocculation problem in the secondary clarifiers. It may be favorite to pretreat it at the nightsoil treatment plant. When the leachate was dumped into the plant, the effluent qualities were highly fluctuating probably due to the presence of the toxic and inhibitory substances in it. It might be necessary to pretreat the raw leachate at the landfill site prior to dumping it into the plant.

용담댐 유역 영양염의 연중, 계절적 변화 및 지역적 분포

정팔진,김민정,권지영 全北大學校 附設 都市및環境硏究所 1997 都市 및 環境硏究 Vol.12 No.1

The water quality criteria of the Yongdam basin is polluted over second grade. Trophic state in the area indicate supper eutrophic state. This study was conducted to analyze the distribution characteristics of the nutrient, and to find the interrelationships among them, focusing upon the eutrophication in the Yongdam dam basin. The results of this study were as follows; 1. Nutrients was estimated as total nitrogen of 1.021∼1,034㎎/ℓ. 2. The trophic state was supper entrophic, and the state of DO level was supersaturation in spite of high organic loads from the each tributary. 3. The limiting factor of the reservoir is T-P, according to the criteria of eutrophication. 4. After Dam construction, T-P concentration of 26㎎/㎥ and Korea Trophic State Index of 50 were predicted.