From Power to Biopower

Paul?Antoine Miquel 인천대학교 인문학연구소 2011 인문학연구 Vol.15 No.-

Unacceptable but Indispensable: Opium Law and Regulations in Guangdong, 1912-1936

Xavier Paulès 고려대학교 민족문화연구원 2013 Cross-Currents Vol.- No.7

During most of the period from 1912 to 1936, Guangdong Province was independent from the central government. The local authorities there were facing a dilemma regarding opium, as others were elsewhere in China. On the one hand, opium was considered the symbol of China’s weakness, and its suppression was a top priority; on the other hand, opium taxes represented an indispensable source of fiscal income. Some Guangdong power holders were truly committed to a suppression agenda, especially from 1913 to 1924. During this period, with the exception of a brief interlude from 1915 to 1916, opium laws were prohibition laws. Even if these laws were not always enforced with full vigor, the drug remained illegal in Guangdong. After 1924, opium was legalized, and the authorities openly ruled an opium monopoly. They came out with increasingly comprehensive regulations, which proved successful in increasing opium revenues. Yet, as this article makes clear, there was nothing like direct government control: traditional tax-farming arrangements with local opium merchants (though under stricter supervision) remained the backbone of the monopoly. The article also pays attention to the influence of the Six-Year Plan (1935–1940) launched by the Nanking government. As a credible set of suppression laws, it appealed to the Guangdong progressive elites who were hostile to opium. They urged the local autocrat Chen Jitang to take similar action. Chen made attempts to launch his own plans for suppressing opium, but they were unconvincing and nothing concrete came out of them. This article suggests that, in order to obtain a better understanding of how easily Chen Jitang was driven out of power in the summer of 1936, it is necessary to take into account the significant contribution of the Six-Year Plan in undermining his legitimacy.

Issues in Hiriong People with Disabilities Expressed by Employers

Christina Kim,Heidi Paul 국립특수교육원 2007 특수교육연구 Vol.14 No.1

고용주의 장애인 고용에 대한 현안사항 탐색-미국 캘리포니아 지역을 중심으로 -Christina Kimm* Heidi Paul**이 연구는 장애인을 고용할 때 고용주가 갖는 기대와 문제점을 주목적으로 장애인의 고용률을 증가시킬 수 있는 요소가 무엇인지를 알아보고자 하는 연구이다 . 연구의 참가자는 미국 캘리포니아주 남부(남가주)에 사업체를 가지고 있는 2,000여 명의 고용주들에게 설문지를 보내어 약 665명으로부터 얻은 결과를 기록했다 . 참가자는 남가주 지역사회의 구성인원의 비율보다는 동양인과 히스패닉

축산폐수처리장의 운영실태 및 개선방안에 관한 연구

정팔진,곽동희,조선영,전민식 전북대학교 공학연구원 ( 구 전북대학교 공업기술연구소 ) 2002 工學硏究 Vol.33 No.-

This study was carried out to gain operating conditions and performance improvement in J livestock treatment facility. In order to livestock wastewater, Hybrid system (biological treatment and physicochemical treatment) was operated with B3 system and advanced treatment system. Conclusions of this study were as follows: 1. COD and TN was excess design removal efficiency in treatment process 2. Influent quality was are fluctuating sharply 3. The result of biodegradability test was NBD 50%, then was led to biological treatment limit.

長城湖의 水質特性에 關한 硏究

정팔진,박귀님,곽동희 全北大學校 附設 都市및環境硏究所 1995 都市 및 環境硏究 Vol.10 No.1

To investigate the water quality of the Lake Jangseong, samples were collected 4 times during this study period at five stations each season. According to the inflowing stream loading, BOD loading was caused to land, human activity and fish farm sequentially. COD, T-N and T-P were contributed to fish farm, human activity and land sequentially. The Lake Jangseong had the characteristic of high algae growth rate according to long hydraulic retention time and low mean depth(9m of mean depth, 0.76year of hydraulic residence time). The amount of phosphorus accumulated was 5.2㎏/d. The excessive critical loading was 2.10tP/yr. The actual inflowing 8.36tP/yr, showing 4 times higher than the excessive critical loading. The water quality of the Lake Jangseong was transparency 1.4m, water temperature 13℃, pH 7.3, DO 6.9㎎/ℓ, COD 4.2㎎/ℓ, SS 5.1㎎/ℓ, T-N1.104㎎/ℓ, T-P 0.070㎎/ℓ, chlorophyll-a 17.5㎎/㎥. The water quality value was the highest in the fish farm(L2) by sites and high in winter, fall, summber, spring sequentially.

간헐 혐기·호기공법에 의한 축산폐수의 처리에 관한 연구

정팔진,김민정,현미희,정진필 全北大學校 附設 都市및環境硏究所 1996 都市 및 環境硏究 Vol.11 No.1

The livestock waste which contains a high concentration of nutrients was operated by the continuous operation and anaerobic·aerobic process in order to observe the features of biological N, P reaction. As the characteristics of the livestock waste and Aiksang Busic Liquid were studied, the basic data of an efficient development of Aiksang Busic Liquide were suggested through the problems in a real operation. During the handling of livestock waste, the eliminating tendency of organic substats in a reactor and anaerobic·aerobic process were steady as same as SCODcr and TOC. The efflent SCODcr 1,575㎎/ℓ decreased to 820㎎/ℓ in an aerobic reactor. In addition, 52.2% of the efflent was eliminated and this figure indicated that the biological matters having the potential decomposition were completely decomposed. While the livestock waste was being handled by anaerobic·aerobic process, "24hr track study" was performed to measure "release-uptake rate" caused by poly-P organisms. The result of this study was quite different form the studies done before. Total N and dissolved N were hot released and these concentration sharply decreased during the anaerobic period. On the other hand, these concentration increased during the aerobic period.

환경시료중의 고상 추출법을 이용한 관심물질의 추출방법 고찰

정팔진,임철희 全北大學校 附設 都市및環境硏究所 1996 都市 및 環境硏究 Vol.11 No.1

The need for sample preparation to modern instrumental analysis has been reviewed recently. The important reasons are sample clean up and sample concentration. Sample cleanup is required when impurities are present that interface with the analyte measurements in the analytical method of choice. In addition impurities which can damage expensive analytical equipment must be removed prior to sample introduction in to the instrument. Solid Phase Extration (SPE) which is one of the sample preparation has been developed since 1970s for replacing Liquid Liquid Extration (LLE). The advantage of this Method are summarized as follows 1.It was found that the increasement of sample concectration in the SOLID PHASE EXTRACTION exceeds over the normal use of solvent. 2.The time consuming work of passing sample through disc is much less shortened. 3.Much less solvent was used than Liquid Liquid Extration method. 4.Water sample containing more than 200㎎/L TSS was available in Disk Type Cartridge.

대청호 저질의 용출특성과 수질에 미치는 영향

정팔진,이성우,곽동희 全北大學校 附設 都市및環境硏究所 1997 都市 및 環境硏究 Vol.12 No.1

Lake eutrophication that bring about by excessive amounts of phosphorus and nitrogen becomes the main problem in Daechung Lake. To control the eutrophication like water bloom, it is important to quantify the nutrients loading and estimate the mass balance in the lake. In this paper, it was carried out to evaluate the nutrients discharging and characteristics of release in Daechung lake and investigate the effect of sediments on water quality. Also, it is suggested that the method of water quality management is required to improve it. The results of study are summarized as following ; 1. It is estimated that about 54% of input TP is accumulated in Daechung lake 2. It is surveyed that the mean range of TP release rate is 4.2∼10.1㎎/㎡·d at sampling sites of the lake 3. In order to improve the water quality of Daechung lake, it is needed the wastewater treatment plant and the sediment dredging of the lake preferentially.

소양천의 수질현황 및 영양도 판정에 관한 고찰

정팔진,김민정,권지영 全北大學校 附設 都市및環境硏究所 1997 都市 및 環境硏究 Vol.12 No.1

This study was performed in order to estimate the water quality and the trophic state for Soyang Stream. To investigate the water quality of Soyang Stream, samples were collected 3 times during this study period at seven points. The water quality criteria of the Soyang Stream is polluted over second grade. Particularly, Soyang chun were polluted highly from pollution of the branches. By using the standards of EPA, the standards of Forsberg & Sakamoto, the standard of Vollenweider and KTSI, this study was done the present condition of trophication for Soyang Stream. The limiting factor of Soyang Stream was T-P by the standards of Forsberg & Sakamoto and the standard of Vollenweider. By using the standards of EPA, the standard of Vollenweider and KTSI, the result was "eutrophic" at all points of Soyang Stream.

동진강의 수질특성 및 동진강의 수질특성에 미치는 오염부하량의 영향에 관한 연구

정팔진,김민정,권지영 全北大學校 附設 都市및環境硏究所 1997 都市 및 環境硏究 Vol.12 No.1

This study was carried out in order to investigate for water quality of Dongjin river. Samples were collected 3 times during this study at 31 points. The water quality criteria of Dongjin river was polluted over second grade. Particularly, Jeongeup chun, Wonpyoung chun, Kobu chun were polluted highly than Dongjin river. BOD, SS, T-N, T-P loading were sequentially caused by live stock, human activity, land use and factory wastewater. The amount of BOD were respectively 16,348.9㎏/d, 95,169.2 ㎏/d, 6,379.3 ㎏/d, 1,128.1 ㎏/d by human activity, live stock, land use and factory wastewater. Particularly, 80 percent of total BOD loading resulted from live stock. 13.7%, 5.4%, 0.9% of total BOD loading respectively resulted from human activity, land use, factory wastewater. Total BOD loading of Dongjin river was 119,025.5㎏/d. Particularly, 36,067.0㎏/d of total BOD loading resulted from Wonpyoung chun, so environmental control must be focused on Wonpyoung chun.