Improvement on Response System by Analysis of Domestic Chemical Accidents

Sang Jae Lee,Joong Don Park,Gyeong Seok Seo,Woo Sang Park,Young Hwan Kim,Sam Su Kim,Chang Hyun Shin 위기관리 이론과 실천 2018 Crisisonomy Vol.14 No.7

본 연구는 화학사고 대응 매뉴얼을 조사하여 국내 화학사고에 대한 적용성을 분석하였다. 대형 화학 사고는 국가 재난차원에서 대응하는 체계가 구축되었으나, 규모가 적은 화학사고는 본 매뉴얼이 적용하기가 어려운 문제점이 있는 것으로 나타났다. 문제점을 개선하기 위해 본 연구는 사고대응이 미흡했던 국내 화학사고 사례를 유형별로 분석하였다. 분석 결과, 물과 반응성이 높은 금속성 물질의 화재사고는 대응 초기단계에서 소화를 위해 물을 분사하여 사고가 확대되는 사례가 빈번히 나타났 다. 유⋅누출에 의한 확산사고는 사업장의 초기 신고지연으로 골든타임을 확보하지 못해 초기대응 이 미흡하여 주민과 환경에 해로운 사고로 확대되는 사고가 종종 발생했다. 본 연구를 통해 사고대 응기관이 신속하게 정보를 공유하여 정확한 정보로 초기에 대응하고, 사고단계별로 효과적으로 대 응하는 체계를 구축하는 것이 필요하다는 것을 제안하였다. This study investigated the response manual to cope with chemical accidents and analyzed its applicability to domestic accidents in Korea. It is found that the response system has been property established to address large-scale chemical accidents as a national disaster, while the response manual has been difficult to be adopted to handle small-scale accidents. This study analyzed the cases of domestic chemical accidents which were inadequately responded by type. The findings include that fire accidents involving metallic materials with high water reactivity have been expanded due to improper spray of water to extinguish fire at the early stage of response. Spills or leaks often have failed to secure golden time due to delays in initial reporting, resulting in ineffective early response and expanded damages to residents and the environment. This study suggested that the accident response organizations in Korea should respond to chemical accidents at an early stage with accurate information and build up an effective response system for each stage of accident by prompt sharing of information.

Flight Test of Helicopter Landing System Using Real-time DGPS

Park, Sung-Min,Kim, Jung-Han,Whang, Duk-Ho,Jang, Jae-Gyu,Kee, Chang-Don,Park, Hyoung-Taek,Park, Hong-Man,Lee, Chang-Hyo 한국항행학회 1999 韓國航行學會論文誌 Vol.3 No.2

최근 수년간, GPS와 관련된 연구들이 항공분야를 비롯한 다양한 분야에서 진행되었다. 특히, GPS를 항공기의 착륙 유도 시스템에 이용하려는 연구가 많이 이뤄지고 있다. 이러한 시도들은 GPS의 경제성, 신뢰성, 정확성 등의 장점들을 십분 활용하기 위한 것이라고 할 수 있다. 서울대학교 GPS 실험실에서도 이러한 경향에 보조를 맞추어, GPS를 기반으로 하는 항공기 착륙 시스템을 개발하고, 헬리콥터를 이용한 비행실험을 수행하고 있다. 그 동안 누적된 실시간 DGPS 시스템 개발기술들을 바탕으로 항공기 착륙 시스템을 확장, 보강하여 최근의 비행실험을 실시 하였다. 본 논문에서는 새롭게 구성된 항공기 착륙 시스템을 소개하고 이를 이용한 비행실험 결과를 분석하였다. 기존의, 기본적인 실시간 DGPS 시스템에서 추가, 발전된 부분은 세 가지로 분류할 수 있다. 첫 번째는, 단일 GPS 안테나를 이용하여 항공기의 자세를 추정하는 부분이고, 두 번째는, 통합적인 cockpit display이다. 이 display는 가상현실을 이용하여 조종사에게 기존의 ILS 정보와 그 이외의 다양한 정보들을 보여준다. 마지막으로, 공항의 기상상태에 관계없이 조종사가 공항에 접근할 수 있도록, 전자지도를 삽입하여 안전한 착륙을 시도할 수 있도록 시스템을 구성하였다. 이렇게 새롭게 구성된 시스템을 이용하여 김해국제공항에서 비행실험을 수행하였다. 분석된 결과를 바탕으로, 이 시스템이 정확도 측면에서, CAT-I을 충분히 만족시킴을 확인하였으며, 신뢰도 높은 자세결정이 이뤄지고 있음을 확인하였다. In recent, there has been remarkable progress in the field of GPS applications. In a few years, an appreciable number of aircraft will adopt GPS as a landing guidance system because GPS is more economic, more reliable and more accurate than any other aviation systems. In this respect, we have performed several helicopter landing flight tests based on the real-time DGPS system made in SNUGL(Seoul National University GPS Laboratory). From the experimental results, we found seveal problems which should be fixed to adopt DGPS as a aircraft landing guidance system. In this paper, we will introduce the problems found in tests and also suggest modifications to solve the problems. Our modifications can be classified into three parts. The first is about the attitude determination with single GPS antenna. The second deals with the cockpit display module. The display was devised to integrate the Instrument Landing System(ILS) with tunnel-in-the-sky using virtual reality. With the display, pilot can achieve more safe landings. The last part is the digital map. We inserted digital mapinto our system and put direction indicator on the map using position information from GPS. It is very useful for pilot to find airports even in bad weather. Using the newly designed DGPS landing system, we conducted flight test at Kimhae International Airport, Pusan, Korea, It was successful ! Our system can also satisfy Category-I criterion for aircraft landing approach and determine attitude angle with a high level of reliability. It is supported by video materials.

Digestive Physiological Characteristics of the Gobiidae

Sang-Woo Hur,Shin-Kwon Kim,Dae-Jung Kim,Bae-Ik Lee,Su-Jin Park,Hyung-Gyu Hwang,Je-Cheon Jun,Jeong-In Myeong,Chi-Hoon Lee,Young-Don Lee 한국발생생물학회 2016 발생과 생식 Vol.20 No.3

In this study, we investigated the characteristics of CCK-producing cells and mucus-secreting goblet cells with respect to stomach fish and stomachless fish of the Gobiidae in order to provide a basis for understanding the digestive physiology. Hairychin goby (Sagamia geneionema), which is stomachless fish, the numbers of mucus-secreting goblet cells is highest in the posterior intestine portion (P<0.05), while CCK-producing cells are scattered throughout the intestine. Gluttonous goby (Chasmichthys gulosus), which is stomach fish, mucus-secreting goblet cells are most abundant in the mid intestine portion (P<0.05), whereas CCK-producing cells are observed only in the anterior and mid intestine portion. Trident goby (Tridentiger obscurus) which is stomach fish, mucus-secreting goblet cells were most abundant in the mid intestine portion (P<0.05). CCK-producing cells are found in the anterior and mid intestine portion. Giurine goby, Rhinogobius giurinus which is also stomach fish, the largest number of mucus-secreting goblet cells showed in anterior intestine portion except for esophagus (P<0.05). CCK-producing cells are present only in the anterior and mid intestine portion. In S. geneionema, digestive action occurs in the posterior intestine portion to protect and functions to activate digestion. In contrast, in C. gulosus, T. obscurus and R. giurinus, their digestive action occurs in the anterior and mid intestine portion to protect and functions to activate digestion. Further studies of the modes of food ingestion by these fish, the contents of their digestive tracts, and the staining characteristics of the goblet cells need to be carried out.

Complete Versus Culprit-Only Revascularization for ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction and Multivessel Disease in the 2nd Generation Drug-Eluting Stent Era: Data from the INTERSTELLAR Registry

Sung Woo Kwon,Sang-Don Park,Jeonggeun Moon,Pyung Chun Oh,Ho-Jun Jang,Hyun Woo Park,Tae-Hoon Kim,Kyounghoon Lee,Jon Suh,WoongChol Kang 대한심장학회 2018 Korean Circulation Journal Vol.48 No.11

Background and Objectives: We aimed to compare outcomes of complete revascularization (CR) versus culprit-only revascularization for ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction(STEMI) and multivessel disease (MVD) in the 2nd generation drug-eluting stent (DES) era. Methods: From 2009 to 2014, patients with STEMI and MVD, who underwent primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) using a 2nd generation DES for culprit lesions were enrolled. CR was defined as PCI for a non-infarct-related artery during the index admission. Major adverse cardiovascular event (MACE) was defined as cardiovascular (CV) death, non-fatal myocardial infarction, target lesion revascularization, or heart failure during the follow-up year. Results: In total, 705 MVD patients were suitable for the analysis, of whom 286 (41%) underwent culprit-only PCI and 419 (59%) underwent CR during the index admission. The incidence of MACE was 11.5% in the CR group versus 18.5% in the culprit-only group (hazard ratio [HR], 0.56; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.37–0.86; p<0.01; adjusted HR, 0.64; 95% CI, 0.40–0.99; p=0.04). The CR group revealed a significantly lower incidence of CV death (7.2% vs. 12.9%; HR, 0.51; 95% CI, 0.31–0.86; p=0.01 and adjusted HR, 0.57; 95% CI; 0.32–0.97; p=0.03, respectively). Conclusions: CR was associated with better outcomes including reductions in MACE and CV death at 1 year of follow-up compared with culprit-only PCI in the 2nd generation DES era.

Chemical Absorption of Carbon Dioxide with MDEA in a Non-Newtonian W/O Emulsion

Park, Sang-Wook,Choi, Byoung-Sik,Lee, Byung-Don,Park, Dae-Won,Kim, Seong-Soo 한국공업화학회 2004 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.10 No.6

Carbon dioxide was reacted with N-methyldiethanolamine (MDEA) in a water-in-oil (w/o) emulsion, composed of aqueous MDEA droplets as a dispersed phase and benzene solutions of polybutene (PB) and polyisobutylene (PIB) as a continuous phase, in a flat-stirred vessel to investigate the effect of non-Newtonian rheological behavior on the rate of absorption of CO₂. The mass transfer mechanism of CU2, accompanied by a chemical reaction of CO₂with MDEA, in the non-Newtonian w/o emulsion was applied to estimate the absorption rate of CO₂. It was found that PIB, with its elastic property, accelerated the rate of absorption of CO₂by comparing the value of k_L in the non-Newtonian liquid with that in the Newtonian liquid.

The Current Status of Genome Research on Medicinal Plants

Sang-Choon Lee,Tae Seok Park,Hye Yeon Choi,Nam-Hoon Kim,Hye Sik Kim,Hyo-Won Kim,Kyunghyun Nam,Ye Jin Cho,Don-Nyeong Lee,Don-Nyeong Lee,Junki Lee,Byung Kwon Bae,Jinhyuk Kim 한국육종학회 2024 한국육종학회 학술발표회지 Vol.2024 No.6

A 128-Channel FPGA-Based Real-Time Spike-Sorting Bidirectional Closed-Loop Neural Interface System

Park, Jongkil,Kim, Gookhwa,Jung, Sang-Don IEEE 2017 IEEE transactions on neural systems and rehabilita Vol.25 No.12

<P>A multichannel neural interface system is an important tool for various types of neuroscientific studies. For the electrical interface with a biological system, high-precision high-speed data recording and various types of stimulation capability are required. In addition, real-time signal processing is an important feature in the implementation of a real-time closed-loop system without unwanted substantial delay for feedback stimulation. Online spike sorting, the process of assigning neural spikes to an identified group of neurons or clusters, is a necessary step to make a closed-loop path in real time, but massive-memory-space requirements commonly limit hardware implementations. Here, we present a 128-channel field-programmable gate array (FPGA)-based real-time closed-loop bidirectional neural interface system. The system supports 128 channels for simultaneous signal recording and eight selectable channels for stimulation. A modular 64-channel analog front-end (AFE) provides scalability and a parameterized specification of the AFE supports the recording of various electrophysiological signal types with 1.59 +/- 0.76 mu V root-mean-square noise. The stimulator supports both voltage-controlled and current-controlled arbitrarily shaped waveformswith the programmable amplitude and duration of pulse. An empirical algorithm for online real-time spike sorting is implemented in an FPGA. The spike-sorting is performed by template matching, and templates are created by an online real-time unsupervised learning process. A memory saving technique, called dynamic cache organizing, is proposed to reduce the memory requirement down to 6 kbit per channel and modular implementation improves the scalability for further extensions.</P>

HBV : Application of Roadmap-concept on Chronic Hepatitis B Patient with Entecavir Therapy Previously Exposed to Lamivudine: A Long Term Follow-up Study

( Sang Jun Suh ),( Hyung Joon Yim ),( Yeon Seok Seo ),( Chang Wook Kim ),( Chang Don Lee ),( Sang Hoon Park ),( Myung Seok Lee ),( Choong Kee Park ),( Hee Bok Chae ),( Moon Young Kim ),( Soon Koo Baik 대한간학회 2013 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2013 No.1

Background/Aim: Many patients with lamivudine-resistant (LAM-R) chronic hepatitis B (CHB) had been treated by switching to entecavir (ETV) 1.0mg. Although rate of resistance to ETV (ETV-R) is reported high, current medical insurance system doesn`t pay-back for change from ETV to other agent in patients whose resistance to ETV was not identified. This study was aimed to stratify ETV therapy in LAM-R patients. Methods: One hundred and ten CHB patients who occurred LMV-R and received ETV 1.0mg up to 5 years were evaluated prospectively. At 12 months of switching to ETV, we divided subjects into non-detection group (HBV DNA<20 IU/mL) and detection group (HBV DNA≥20 IU/mL), which was subdivided into low viral load group (20≤HBV DNA<2,000 IU/mL) and high viral load group (2,000 IU/mL≤ HBV DNA). Virologic response rate (VR; HBV DNA<20 IU/mL) and ETV-R were evaluated as end point. Results: One hundred and ten patents were enrolled. The mean age was 45±11years, the proportion of male and HBeAgpositive patient was 71% (80/110) and 77% (85/110), respectively. The mean serum HBV DNA levels were 6.89±1.03, 3.26±1.81, 3.06±1.82, 2.49±1.53, 2.43±1.35 and 1.73±0.87 log10IU/ ml at baseline, month 12, 24, 36, 48 and 60, respectively. The VR (95% vs. 29%, P<0.001) was higher and ETV-R (10% vs. 54%, P=0.001) was lower in non-detection group than in detection group. The VR (27% vs. 29%, P=0.853) and ETV-R (45% vs. 57%, P=0.367) was not significantly different between low viral load and high viral load group. Resistance to ETV occurred at 26±10.3 months (median 24 months, 12-48 months) in detection group. Conclusion: Resistance rates were high in patients with detectable HBV DNA at 12 months of ETV therapy. Therefore, switching to or adding a potent nucleotide analogue (e.g. tenofovir) is warranted in LAM-R CHB patients whose HBV DNA is detected after 12 months of ETV therapy.

Validation of a biotic ligand model on site-specific copper toxicity to <i>Daphnia magna</i> in the Yeongsan River, Korea

Park, Jinhee,Ra, Jin-Sung,Rho, Hojung,Cho, Jaeweon,Kim, Sang Don Elsevier 2018 Ecotoxicology and environmental safety Vol.149 No.-

<P>The objective of this study was to determine whether the water effect ratio (WER) or biotic ligand model (BLM) could be applied to efficiently develop water quality criteria (WQC) in Korea. Samples were collected from 12 specific sites along the Yeongsan River (YSR), Korea, including two sewage treatment plants and one estuary lake. A copper toxicity test using Daphnia magna was performed to determine the WER and to compare to the BLM prediction. The results of the WER from YSR samples also indicated significantly different copper toxicities in all sites. The model-based predictions showed that effluent and estuary waters had significantly different properties in regard to their ability to be used to investigate water characteristics and copper toxicity. It was supposed that the slight water characteristics changes, such as pH, DOC, hardness, conductivity, among others, influence copper toxicity, and these variable effects on copper toxicity interacted with the water composition. The 38% prediction was outside of the validation range by a factor of two in all sites, showing a poor predictive ability, especially in STPs and streams adjacent to the estuary, while the measured toxicity was more stable. The samples that ranged from pH 7.3-7.7 generated stable predictions, while other samples, including those with lower and the higher pH values, led to more unstable predictions. The results also showed that the toxicity of Cu in sample waters to D. magna was closely proportional to the amounts of acidity, including the carboxylic and phenolic groups, as well as the DOC concentrations. Consequently, the acceptable prediction of metal toxicity in various water samples needs the site-specific results considering the water characteristics such as pH and DOC properties particularly in STPs and estuary regions.</P>

Case Report : De Novo Superinfection of Hepatitis B Virus in an Anti-HBs Positive Patient with Recurrent Hepatitis C Following Liver Transplantation

( Sung Hae Ha ),( Young Min Park ),( Sun Pyo Hong ),( So Ya Back ),( Soo Kyeong Shin ),( Seung Il Ji ),( Soo Ok Kim ),( Wang Don Yoo ),( Bo Hyun Kim ),( Sang Jong Park ),( Zheng Hong ) 대한소화기기능성질환·운동학회(구 대한소화관운동학회) 2011 Gut and Liver Vol.5 No.2

A 60-year-old woman with end stage liver cirrhosis caused by genotype 2 hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection received an orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT). The patient was negative for the hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and positive for the anti-hepatitis B surface antibody (anti-HBs) prior to and one and a half months following the OLT. Due to reactivation of hepatitis C, treatment with interferon-alpha and Ribavirin started two months following the OLT and resulted in a sustained virological response. We performed a liver biopsy because a biochemical response was not achieved. Surprisingly, liver pathology showed HBsAg-positive hepatocytes with a lobular hepatitis feature, which had been negative in the liver biopsy specimen obtained one and a half months post- OLT. High titers of both HBsAg and HBeAg were detected, while anti-HBs antibodies were not found. Tests for IgM antihepatitis B core antibody and anti-delta virus antibodies were negative. The serum HBV DNA titer was over 1×107 copies/ mL. A sequencing analysis showed no mutation in the "a" determinant region, but revealed a mixture of wild and mutant strains at an overlapping region of the S and P genes (S codon 213 (Leu/Ile); P codons 221 (Phe/Tyr) and 222 (Ala/ Thr)). These findings suggest that de novo hepatitis B can develop in patients with HCV infection during the post-OLT period despite the presence of protective anti-HBs. (Gut Liver 2011;5:248-252)