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The Effects of Emotion on Visual Search Task Performance
Kyunghyun Nam,Gyouhyung Kyung,Sungryul Park,Songyi Chae 대한인간공학회 2013 대한인간공학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2013 No.5
Objective: The purpose of this paper is to find the relationship between emotion and visual search task performance. Background: It is necessary to understand the effect of emotion on visual performance, as visual information processing is critical for any kind of human-computer interaction. This study specifically investigated the change in visual searching performance by the change in emotional state. Method: A total of 15 subjects (8 females and 7 males) participated in the experiment. Affective stimuli, 60 images from International Affective Picture System, were selected and categorized by their normative valence and arousal values. In order to find the effects of emotional state on the accuracy of target detection and on the time to complete a visual search task, each affective image was followed by visual targets to detect. The target detection task varied by task difficulty (3 levels) and was tested for 9 emotional classes. The emotional pictures were presented in a random order for 6 seconds each. Prior to the display of each affective image, a central fixation cross appeared on the screen for 5 seconds. Results: The effect of emotional state on the accuracy of target detection was not statistically significant (p=0.464). Target detection time was significantly influenced by the emotional states (p=0.018) and difficulty of the task (p=0.000). Interaction effect between emotional state and task difficulty on task completion time was not found (p=0.194). A post-hoc test showed that an emotional state of neutral valence and high arousal is beneficial for visual search speed, whereas regardless of valence an emotional state of neutral arousal has an advert effect. Conclusion: In terms of visual search task completion time, an emotional state of neutral valence and high arousal is desirable. Further research is warranted, however, as there is speed-accuracy trade-off when task speed and accuracy are both critical for its performance. Application: The findings from this study can be applied when designing an adaptive visual display interface.
차량 승하강 동작의 효과적인 디지털 휴먼 모델링에 관한 연구
Kyunghyun Nam,Sungryul Park,Gyouhyung Kyung,Donghun Lee,Min Keun Chung,Sangkyu Kim,Jungpil Choi 대한인간공학회 2012 대한인간공학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2012 No.11
Objective: The objective of the paper is to verify the accuracy of simulated motion from key frames and to find the way to reduce the storage taken by motion data while maintaining the accuracy of digital human modeling simulation (DHMS). Background: Digital human modeling (DHM) tools have been widely used to ergonomically design and evaluate various human-involved systems (e.g., vehicles). DHM tools can also be used for simulating drivers’ ingress and egress motions, enabling vehicle engineers to design and evaluate vehicle configuration around the car door. Advanced motion capture technology has contributed to obtaining and reproducing realistic human motion data. Due to high frame rate typically required for accurately capturing dynamic human motion (e.g., ingress/egress), however, it often takes too much time and memory space for DHMS systems to deal with motion data. In order to save calculation time and memory space, a motion simulation method based on key-frames is proposed in this study. Method: Accurate prediction of foot trajectories is critical when predicting accurate driver ingress/egress motion. This paper presents an approach to improve the accuracy of foot trajectory simulation based on key frames of driver motion data obtained from a laboratory study. Twenty-one people completed the study, and their motions were recorded while they entered/exited a reconfigurable vehicle mockup. Motion capture data from optical type motion capture system (Hawk (i)) were compared to simulated data processed by RAMSIS™ digital human modeling software. Results: As to the full-frame ingress and egress motion, the difference between raw data and simulated motion data was not statistically significant (p≥ 0.807). However, the difference between raw data and simulation data tend to increase as the movement speed increases. One-way ANOVA was conducted to see the differences between raw data and simulated data at the key-frame moments. The results show that there are significant differences between the two different data sources for both ingress and egress situations (p < 0.000). The author suggests regression estimations to improve the accuracy of the output from simulation. Conclusion: Although the differences between raw data and simulated motion data were not significant, it requires refinement especially for the key-frames. Application: The results can be applied to preprocessing or postprocessing of motion capture data when using RAMSIS™.
Digital Human Modeling을 이용한 보병 수송용 특수 차량의 인간공학적 개선
Kyunghyun Nam,Sungryul Park,Songil Lee,Gyouhyung Kyung,Jeongyeob Lee,Jonghyun Kim,Yongcheol Shin,Chiung Kim 대한인간공학회 2012 대한인간공학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2012 No.11
Objective: The objective of this study is to evaluate Armored Personnel Carrier (APC) by using Digital Human Modeling (DHM) tools in order to identify ergonomic problems. Background: Ergonomic evaluation is especially important in designing tactical military vehicles, since the operator will experience significantly high cognitive and physical workloads while he/she controls the vehicle in combat situations. Although human factors standards, including MIL STD-1472, provide guidance for military vehicle design, it is not always possible to directly apply these standards to designing Korean military vehicles (e.g., due to demographic differences). In the design process, the use of DHM provides many benefits including reduced development cost and quantitative ergonomic design evaluation. This study suggests some improvements based on the ergonomic evaluations by using DHM tools and ergonomics checklists. Method: The APC was evaluated by using DHM tools (RAMSIS™ and 3D SSPP™) in terms of physical workload in ingress/egress, visibility, clearance, and reachability. For control panel evaluation, checklists based on ergonomics guidelines were used. Conclusion: The improvements in multiple aspects of APC are main results of this study and they are expected to be widely used in the development of next tactical military vehicles. Application: The results could be used in establishing military guidelines for ergonomic military vehicle design suitable for Korean soldiers. The suggested improvements would relieve APC users’ physical and cognitive workload, which results in increasing survivability in highly stressful situation.
Clinical case of internal caseous lymphadenitis in a native Korean goat (Capra hircus coreanae)
Joo-Yeon Kong,Kyunghyun Lee,Ji-Youl Jung,Jong Wan Kim,Nam-Sik Yoon,ByungJae So,Eun-Jin Choi 한국예방수의학회 2019 예방수의학회지 Vol.43 No.2
A case of caseous lymphadenitis (CL) was detected in a native Korean goat without manifestation of superficial nodules but with pulmonary abscesses that were characterized microscopically by granulomatous inflammation consisting of a central necrotic region, peripheral fibrous capsule, and numerous cellular infiltrates with epithelioid macrophages, giant cells, and lymphocytes. Presence of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis was identified by using bacterial isolation and multiplex PCR. In addition, a 43% seropositivity to C. pseudotuberculosis was observed in goats from the same farm. This case highlights the risk of exposure of farmers to the causative agent and the urgent need for national monitoring for CL, a potential zoonotic.
A study on the relationship between emotions and brain signals evoked by head-up display images
Songyi Chae,Gyouhyung Kyung,Sungryul Park,Kyunghyun Nam,Kyungro Lee,Young Hee Lee 대한인간공학회 2012 대한인간공학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2012 No.5
Objective: This study investigated the relationship between emotions and brain signals evoked by vehicle head-up display (HUD) images. Background: Prior studies showed that HUD images can evoke different emotions such as happy, sad, angry, disgusted, scared and neutral feelings. EEG signals have been used for a non-touch based user interface. Method: 20 Participants were exposed to 18 HUD images in the laboratory-based and driving simulator-based settings. The HUD images were different each other in terms of their content, amount of information, location, font, and color. 16-channel EEG signals were obtained during each HUD image exposure, and were later used to calculate 3 EEG indices such as EEG activity, concentration level and relaxation level. In addition, the participants reported their emotion they felt from each HUD image on semantic differential scales with two bipolar adjectives (range: 1-7). Results: The HUD images showed different effects on emotion, concentration, and EEG activity. Conclusion: Color appeared to be a key factor for determining the type of emotion evoked, whereas the amount of information appeared to determine the brain activation level in the central lobe. Especially, neural activities in the temporal lobe showed a positive association with concentration level. Application: Findings on association between emotions and EEG signals can be used for designing a new type of DVI (driver-vehicle interface).