Basilar Invagination and Atlantoaxial Dislocation: Reduction, Deformity Correction and Realignment Using the DCER (Distraction, Compression, Extension, and Reduction) Technique With Customized Instrumentation and Implants

P. Sarat Chandra,Jitin Bajaj,Pankaj Kumar Singh,Kanwaljeet Garg,Deepak Agarwal 대한척추신경외과학회 2019 Neurospine Vol.16 No.2

Objective: The technique of distraction, compression, extension, and reduction (DCER) is effective to reduce, realign, and relieve cranio-spinal compression through posterior only approach. Methods: Study included all patients with atlantoaxial dislocation and basilar invagination (BI) with occipitalized C1 arch. Study techniques included Nurick grading, computed tomography scan to study atlanto-dental interval, BI, hyper-lordosis, and neck tilt. Sagittal inclination (SI), coronal inclination (CI), cranio-cervical tilt, presence of pseudo-joints, and anomalous vertebral artery were also noted. Patients underwent DCER with/without joint remodeling or extra-articular distraction (EAD) based on the SI being <100°, 100°–160°, or >160° respectively. In cases with pseudo-joints, joint remodeling was performed in type I and EAD in type II. Customized ‘bullet shaped’ PSC spacers (n=124) and prototype of the universal craniovertebral junction reducer (UCVJR, n=36) were useful. Results: A total of 148 patients with average age 27.25±17.43 years, ranging from 3 to 71 years (87 males) were operated. Nurick’s grading improved from 3.14±1.872 to 1.22±1.17 (p<0.0001). Fifty-two percent of total joints (n=154/296 joints) were either type I (19%)/type II (33%) pseudo-j oints. All traditional indices such as Chamberlein line, McRae line, atlanto-dental interval, and Ranawat line improved (p<at least 0.001). BI, SI, and CI values correlated with type of pseudo-joints (p<0.0001). Side of neck tilt correlated with the type of pseudo-joint (p<0.0001). Cervical hyperlordosis improved significantly (p<0.0001). Conclusion: Occipito-C2 pseudo-joints are important in determining the severity of BI. Asymmetrical pseudo-joint causes coronal/neck tilt. Type of pseudo-joint can strategize by DCER. Customized instruments and implants make technique safe, effective and easier.

A Nationwide Analysis Evaluating the Safety of Using Acellular Dermal Matrix with Tissue Expander-Based Breast Reconstruction

Jessica Luo,Whitney D. Moss,Giovanna R. Pires,Irfan A. Rhemtulla,Megan Rosales,Gregory J. Stoddard,Jayant P. Agarwal,Alvin C. Kwok 대한성형외과학회 2022 Archives of Plastic Surgery Vol.49 No.6

Background In March 2021, the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) safety communication cautioned against the use of acellular dermal matrix (ADM) products in breast reconstruction and reiterated that the FDA does not approve ADM use in breast surgery. This study aims to assess the safety of ADM use in breast reconstruction. Methods Women who underwent ADM and non-ADM assisted tissue expander (TE)- based breast reconstruction were identified using the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database (2012–2019). Trends of ADM use over time, and 30-day outcomes of surgical site infection (SSI), dehiscence, and unplanned reoperation were assessed. Results Of the 49,049 TE-based breast reconstructive cases, 42.4% were ADM assisted and 57.6% non-ADM assisted. From 2012 to 2019, the use of ADM increased from 26.1 to 55.6% (relative risk [RR] ¼1.10; p<0.01). Higher rates of SSI (3.9 vs. 3.4%; p¼0.003) and reoperation (7.4 vs. 6.0%; p<0.001) were seen in the ADM cohort. There was no significant difference seen in dehiscence rates (0.7 vs. 0.7%; p¼0.73). The most common reoperation within 30 days for the ADM group (17.6%) was removal of TE without insertion of implant (current procedural terminology: 11,971). ADM-assisted breast reconstruction was associated with increased relative risk of SSI by 10% (RR¼1.10, confidence interval [CI]: 1.01–1.21; p¼0.03) and reoperation by 15% (RR¼1.15, CI: 1.08–1.23; p<0.001). Conclusions ADM-assisted breast reconstruction more than doubled from 2012 to 2019. There are statistically higher complication rates of SSI (0.5%) and reoperation (1.4%) with ADM use in TE-based breast reconstruction, suggesting that reconstruction without ADM is safe when comparing immediate postoperative outcomes.

In vitro Methanogenesis, Microbial Profile and Fermentation of Green Forages with Buffalo Rumen Liquor as Influenced by 2-Bromoethanesulphonic Acid

Agarwal, Neeta,Kamra, D.N.,Chatterjee, P.N.,Kumar, Ravindra,Chaudhary, L.C. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2008 Animal Bioscience Vol.21 No.6

The interaction of fibre degrading microbes and methanogens was studied using two forages, lucerne (Medicago sativa) hay and maize (Zea mays) hay, as substrate and 2-bromoethanesulphonic acid (BES) as an additive in an in vitro gas production test. Gas and methane production (ml/g dry matter) were significantly higher (p<0.05) on lucerne as compared to maize hay. Inclusion of BES in the incubation medium significantly suppressed methane emission irrespective of substrate. The population density of total bacteria, fungi, Ruminococcus flavefaciens and Fibrobacter succinogenes was higher, whereas that of methanogens was lower with maize hay as compared to lucerne as substrate. BES suppressed methanogen population by 7 fold on lucerene and by 8.5 fold on maize at 24 h incubation as estimated by real time-PCR. This suppression was accompanied by almost complete (>98% of control) inhibition of methanogenesis. The proportion of acetate decreased, whereas that of propionate increased significantly by inclusion of BES, resulting in narrowing of acetate to propionate ratio. In vitro true digestibility (IVTD) of lucerne was significantly higher as compared to maize but BES inclusion did not affect IVTD.

High risk of tuberculosis during infliximab therapy despite tuberculosis screening in inflammatory bowel disease patients in India

( Ashish Agarwal ),( Saurabh Kedia ),( Saransh Jain ),( Vipin Gupta ),( Sawan Bopanna ),( Dawesh P Yadav ),( Sandeep Goyal ),( Venigalla Pratap Mouli ),( Rajan Dhingra ),( Govind Makharia ),( Vineet A 대한장연구학회 2018 Intestinal Research Vol.16 No.4

Background/Aims: The data on the risk of tuberculosis (TB) reactivation with infliximab (IFX) in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) from TB endemic countries, like India, is limited. The risk of TB reactivation on IFX and its predictors in patients with IBD was assessed. Methods: This retrospective review included consecutive patients with IBD who received IFX, and were on follow-up from January 2005 to November 2017. The data was recorded on age/disease duration, indications for IFX, screening for latent tuberculosis (LTB) before IFX, response to IFX, incidence and duration when TB developed after IFX, and type of TB (pulmonary [PTB]/extra-pulmonary [EPTB]/disseminated). Results: Of 69 patients (22 ulcerative colitis/47 Crohn’s disease; mean age, 35.6±14.5 years; 50.7% males; median follow-up duration after IFX, 19 months [interquartile range, 5.5-48.7 months]), primary non-response at 8 weeks and secondary loss of response at 26 and 52 weeks were seen in 14.5%, 6% and 15% patients respectively. Prior to IFX, all patients were screened for LTB, 8 (11.6%) developed active TB (disseminated, 62.5%; EPTB, 25%; PTB, 12.5%) after a median of 19 weeks (interquartile range, 14.0-84.5 weeks) of IFX. Of these 8 patients’ none had LTB, even when 7 of 8 were additionally screened with contrast-enhanced chest tomography. Though not statistically significant, more patients with Crohn’s disease than ulcerative colitis (14.9% vs. 4.5%, P=0.21), and those with past history of TB (25% vs. 9.8%, P=0.21), developed TB. Age, gender, disease duration, or extraintestinal manifestations could not predict TB reactivation. Conclusions: There is an extremely high rate of TB with IFX in Indian patients with IBD. Current screening techniques are ineffective and it is difficult to predict TB after IFX. (Intest Res 2018;16:588-598)

Effect of Dietary L-ascorbic Acid (L-AA) on Production Performance, Egg Quality Traits and Fertility in Japanese Quail (Coturnix japonica) at Low Ambient Temperature

Shit, N.,Singh, R.P.,Sastry, K.V.H.,Agarwal, R.,Singh, R.,Pandey, N.K.,Mohan, J. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2012 Animal Bioscience Vol.25 No.7

Environmental stress boosts the levels of stress hormones and accelerates energy expenditure which subsequently imbalance the body's homeostasis. L-ascorbic acid (L-AA) has been recognized to mitigate the negative impact of environmental stress on production performances in birds. The present investigation was carried out to elucidate the effect of different dietary levels of L-AA on production performance, egg quality traits and fertility in Japanese quail at low ambient temperature. Sixty matured females (15 wks) were equally divided into three groups (20/group) based on the different dietary levels of L-AA (0, 250 and 500 ppm) and coupled with an equal number of males (1:1) obtained from the same hatch. They were managed in uniform husbandry conditions without restriction of feed and water at 14 h photo-schedule. Except for feed efficiency, body weight change, feed consumption and hen-day egg production were recorded highest in 500 ppm L-AA supplemented groups. Among the all egg quality traits studied, only specific gravity, shell weight and thickness differed significantly (p<0.05) in the present study. Fertility was improved significantly ($p{\leq}0.01$) to a dose dependent manner of L-AA. The findings of the present study concluded that dietary L-AA can be a caring management practice at least in part to alleviate the adverse effect of cold induced stress on production performance in Japanese quail.

Estrogen receptor-α, progesterone receptor, and c-erbB/HER-family receptor mRNA detection and phenotype analysis in spontaneous canine models of breast cancer

Farruk M. Lutful Kabir,Patricia DeInnocentes,Payal Agarwal,Christopher P. Mill,David J. Riese 2nd,R. Curtis Bird 대한수의학회 2017 Journal of Veterinary Science Vol.18 No.2

Well characterized, stable, p16-defective canine mammary cancer (CMT) cell lines and normal canine mammary epithelial cells were used to investigate expression of the major breast cancer-specific hormone receptors estrogen receptor alpha (ER1) and progesterone receptor (PR) as well as luminal epithelial-specific proto-oncogenes encoding c-erbB-1 (epidermal growth factor receptor/EGFr), c-erbB-2/HER2, c-erbB-3, and c-erbB-4 receptors. The investigation developed and validated quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction assays for each transcript to provide rapid assessment of breast cancer phenotypes for canine cancers, based on ER1, PR, and c-erbB-2/HER2 expressions, similar to those in human disease. Roles for relatively underexplored c-erbB-3 and c-erbB-4 receptor expressions in each of these breast cancer phenotypes were also evaluated. Each quantitative assay was validated by assessment of amplicon size and DNA sequencing following amplification. Differential expression of ER1, PR, and c-erbB-2 in CMT cell lines clearly defined distinct human-like breast cancer phenotypes for a selection of CMT-derived cell lines. Expression profiles for EGFr family genes c-erbB-3 and c-erbB-4 in CMT models also provided an enriched classification of canine breast cancer identifying new extended phenotypes beyond the conventional luminal-basal characterization used in human breast cancer.

Coincidence and fixed points for multi-valued mappings and its application to nonconvex integral inclusions

Pathak, H.K.,Agarwal, R.P.,Cho, Y.J. Koninklijke Vlaamse Ingenieursvereniging ; Elsevie 2015 Journal of computational and applied mathematics Vol.283 No.-

In this paper, we consider some problems on coincidence point and fixed point theorems for multi-valued mappings. Applying the characterizations of P-functions, we establish some new existence theorems for coincidence point and fixed point distinct from Nadler's fixed point theorem, Berinde-Berinde's fixed point theorem, Mizoguchi-Takahashi's fixed point theorem and Du's fixed point theorem for nonlinear multi-valued contractive mappings in complete metric spaces. Our results compliment and extend the main results given by some authors in the literature. In the sequel, we consider a nonconvex integral inclusion and prove the Filippov type existence theorem by using an appropriate norm on the space of selection of a multi-function and a multi-valued contraction for set-valued mappings.

SOME RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN (p, q)-EULER POLYNOMIAL OF THE SECOND KIND AND (p, q)-OTHERS POLYNOMIALS

KANG, JUNG YOOG,AGARWAL, R.P. The Korean Society for Computational and Applied M 2019 Journal of applied mathematics & informatics Vol.37 No.3

We use the definition of Euler polynomials of the second kind with (p, q)-numbers to identify some identities and properties of these polynomials. We also investigate some relationships between (p, q)-Euler polynomials of the second kind, (p, q)-Bernoulli polynomials, and (p, q)-tangent polynomials by using the properties of (p, q)-exponential function.

GW170817: Measurements of Neutron Star Radii and Equation of State

Abbott, B. P.,Abbott, R.,Abbott, T. D.,Acernese, F.,Ackley, K.,Adams, C.,Adams, T.,Addesso, P.,Adhikari, R. X.,Adya, V. B.,Affeldt, C.,Agarwal, B.,Agathos, M.,Agatsuma, K.,Aggarwal, N.,Aguiar, O. D.,A American Physical Society 2018 Physical Review Letters Vol.121 No.16

<P>On 17 August 2017, the LIGO and Virgo observatories made the first direct detection of gravitational waves from the coalescence of a neutron star binary system. The detection of this gravitational-wave signal, GW170817, offers a novel opportunity to directly probe the properties of matter at the extreme conditions found in the interior of these stars. The initial, minimal-assumption analysis of the LIGO and Virgo data placed constraints on the tidal effects of the coalescing bodies, which were then translated to constraints on neutron star radii. Here, we expand upon previous analyses by working under the hypothesis that both bodies were neutron stars that are described by the same equation of state and have spins within the range observed in Galactic binary neutron stars. Our analysis employs two methods: the use of equation-of-state-insensitive relations between various macroscopic properties of the neutron stars and the use of an efficient parametrization of the defining function p(rho) of the equation of state itself. From the LIGO and Virgo data alone and the first method, we measure the two neutron star radii as R-1 = 10.8(-1.7)(+2.0) km for the heavier star and R-2 = 10.7(-1.5)(+2.1) km for the lighter star at the 90% credible level. If we additionally require that the equation of state supports neutron stars with masses larger than 1.97 M-circle dot as required from electromagnetic observations and employ the equation-of-state parametrization, we further constrain R-1 = 11.9(-1.4)(+1.4) km and R-2 = 11.9(-1.4)(+1.4) km at the 90% credible level. Finally, we obtain constraints on p(rho) at supranuclear densities, with pressure at twice nuclear saturation density measured at 3.5(-1.7)(+2.7) x 10(34) dyn cm(-2) at the 90% level.</P>

SOME RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN (p, q)-EULER POLYNOMIAL OF THE SECOND KIND AND (p, q)-OTHERS POLYNOMIALS

강정욱,R.P. Agarwal 한국전산응용수학회 2019 Journal of applied mathematics & informatics Vol.37 No.3

We use the definition of Euler polynomials of the second kind with (p, q)-numbers to identify some identities and properties of these polynomials. We also investigate some relationships between (p, q)-Euler polynomials of the second kind, (p, q)-Bernoulli polynomials, and (p, q)-tangent polynomials by using the properties of (p, q)-exponential function.