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Gender and telomere length: Systematic review and meta-analysis
the Halcyon study team,Gardner, M.,Bann, D.,Wiley, L.,Cooper, R.,Hardy, R.,Nitsch, D.,Martin-Ruiz, C.,Shiels, P.,Sayer, A.A.,Barbieri, M.,Bekaert, S.,Bischoff, C.,Brooks-Wilson, A.,Chen, W.,Cooper, C. Pergamon Press ; Elsevier Science Ltd 2014 Experimental Gerontology Vol.51 No.-
Background: It is widely believed that females have longer telomeres than males, although results from studies have been contradictory. Methods: We carried out a systematic review and meta-analyses to test the hypothesis that in humans, females have longer telomeres than males and that this association becomes stronger with increasing age. Searches were conducted in EMBASE and MEDLINE (by November 2009) and additional datasets were obtained from study investigators. Eligible observational studies measured telomeres for both females and males of any age, had a minimum sample size of 100 and included participants not part of a diseased group. We calculated summary estimates using random-effects meta-analyses. Heterogeneity between studies was investigated using sub-group analysis and meta-regression. Results: Meta-analyses from 36 cohorts (36,230 participants) showed that on average females had longer telomeres than males (standardised difference in telomere length between females and males 0.090, 95% CI 0.015, 0.166; age-adjusted). There was little evidence that these associations varied by age group (p=1.00) or cell type (p=0.29). However, the size of this difference did vary by measurement methods, with only Southern blot but neither real-time PCR nor Flow-FISH showing a significant difference. This difference was not associated with random measurement error. Conclusions: Telomere length is longer in females than males, although this difference was not universally found in studies that did not use Southern blot methods. Further research on explanations for the methodological differences is required.
Gil Pérez Marta,Mindermann Pascal,Zechmeister Christoph,Forster David,Guo Yanan,Hügle Sebastian,Kannenberg Fabian,Balangé Laura,Schwieger Volker,Middendorf Peter,Bischoff Manfred,Menges Achim,Gresser 한국CDE학회 2023 Journal of computational design and engineering Vol.10 No.4
The linear design workflow for structural systems, involving a multitude of iterative loops and specialists, obstructs disruptive innovations. During design iterations, vast amounts of data in different reference systems, origins, and significance are generated. This data is often not directly comparable or is not collected at all, which implies a great unused potential for advancements in the process. In this paper, a novel workflow to process and analyse the data sets in a unified reference frame is proposed. From this, differently sophisticated iteration loops can be derived. The developed methods are presented within a case study using coreless filament winding as an exemplary fabrication process within an architectural context. This additive manufacturing process, using fiber-reinforced plastics, exhibits great potential for efficient structures when its intrinsic parameter variations can be minimized. The presented method aims to make data sets comparable by identifying the steps each data set needs to undergo (acquisition, pre-processing, mapping, post-processing, analysis, and evaluation). These processes are imperative to provide the means to find domain interrelations, which in the future can provide quantitative results that will help to inform the design process, making it more reliable, and allowing for the reduction of safety factors. The results of the case study demonstrate the data set processes, proving the necessity of these methods for the comprehensive inter-domain data comparison.
Provencal, J. L.,Montgomery, M. H.,Kanaan, A.,Thompson, S. E.,Dalessio, J.,Shipman, H. L.,Childers, D.,Clemens, J. C.,Rosen, R.,Henrique, P.,Bischoff-Kim, A.,Strickland, W.,Chandler, D.,Walter, B.,Wat IOP Publishing 2012 The Astrophysical journal Vol.751 No.2
<P>We report on an analysis of 308.3 hr of high-speed photometry targeting the pulsating DA white dwarf EC14012-1446. The data were acquired with the Whole Earth Telescope during the 2008 international observing run XCOV26. The Fourier transform of the light curve contains 19 independent frequencies and numerous combination frequencies. The dominant peaks are 1633.907, 1887.404, and 2504.897 mu Hz. Our analysis of the combination amplitudes reveals that the parent frequencies are consistent with modes of spherical degree l = 1. The combination amplitudes also provide m identifications for the largest amplitude parent frequencies. Our seismology analysis, which includes 2004-2007 archival data, confirms these identifications, provides constraints on additional frequencies, and finds an average period spacing of 41 s. Building on this foundation, we present nonlinear fits to high signal-to-noise light curves from the SOAR 4.1 m, McDonald 2.1 m, and KPNO 2 m telescopes. The fits indicate a time-averaged convective response timescale of tau(0) = 99.4 +/- 17 s, a temperature exponent N = 85 +/- 6.2, and an inclination angle of theta(i) = 32 degrees.9 +/- 3 degrees.2. We present our current empirical map of the convective response timescale across the DA instability strip.</P>
Modular, Ultra-compact Marx Generators for Repetitive High-power Microwave Systems
R. Bischoff,J.-P. Duperoux,S. Pinguet 한국물리학회 2011 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.59 No.61
The essential demand for high-power microwave (HPM) devices for both military and civil applications, such as convoy protection and car stopping, requires compact repetitive pulsed-power generators. We report on the latest developments in technology of our balanced, coaxial Marx-type generators, which distinguish themselves by a fundamental modular concept for reasons of scalability. The Marx generators especially make use of inductive charging technology to ensure high repetitive operation. The Marx stages were completely redesigned. The old fibreglass housings have been replaced by new versions made of PVC. All electrical contacts were reworked to minimize the risk of parasitic discharges. Each new elementary stage of the Marx generator finally consists of eight 1.1 nF sector-of-a-cylinder ceramic capacitors in parallel, two charging coils with an optimized inductance of about 18.6 킜 and two halves of the spherical spark gaps. Marx generators with a variable number of stages were assembled and successfully tested up to charging voltages of 50 kV for up to 10 stages and 40 kV for the 20-stage version, respectively. The efficiency as a function of the stage number was investigated and proved to be about 7 % better than with a resistively charged version of ISL Marx generators. Burst mode operation for a duration of 10 s at a pulse repetition frequency of 100 Hz is reported. The recovery time of the spark gap arrangement inside the Marx generators was determined to be of about 4 ms by using nitrogen as the operating gas, indicating the potential of the ISL Marx generators to operate at pulse repetition frequencies of more than 200 Hz. In order to gain an in-depth insight into the behaviour of an inductive Marx generator during the charging and discharging phases and to derive precise information for the design of future generators, an advanced PSpice simulation model was developed. The breakdown dynamics of the spark gaps was implemented by making use of the Vlastos formula; parasitic effects such as stray capacitances were taken into account.
Flexural behaviour and capacity of composite panels of light gage steel and concrete
L. Shi,Y. Liu,J. L. Dawe,P. Bischoff 국제구조공학회 2009 Steel and Composite Structures, An International J Vol.9 No.5
Eight panel specimens were tested in one-way bending to study the behaviour and capacity of composite slab joists consisting of cold-formed steel C-sections and concrete. Various shear transfer mechanisms were implemented on the C-section flange embedded in the concrete to provide the longitudinal shear resistance. Results showed that all specimens reached serviceability limit state while in elastic range and failure was ductile. Shear transfer achieved for all specimens ranged from 42 to 99% of a full transfer while specimens employed with shear transfer enhancements showed a greater percentage and therefore a higher strength compared with those relying only on surface bond to resist shear. The implementation of pre-drilled holes on the embedded flange of the steel C-section was shown to be most effective. The correlation study between the push-out and panel specimens indicated that the calculated moment capacity based on shear transfer resistance obtained from push-out tests was, on average, 10% lower than the experimental ultimate capacity of the panel specimen.