http://chineseinput.net/에서 pinyin(병음)방식으로 중국어를 변환할 수 있습니다.
변환된 중국어를 복사하여 사용하시면 됩니다.
Kelly J. Bridges,Lauren N. Simpson,Carli L. Bullis,Andy Rekito,Christina M. Sayama,Khoi D. Than 대한척추외과학회 2018 Asian Spine Journal Vol.12 No.3
Study Design: A literature review. Purpose: To explore the utility of laminoplasty in combination with instrumented fusion, with a focus on neurological outcomes and changes in kyphotic deformity. Overview of Literature: Management of cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM) to reduce morbidity within the neurosurgical population. Methods: A US National Library of Medicine PubMed search was conducted for manuscripts pertaining to cervical laminoplasty and fusion for the management of CSM. Several relevant studies were shortlisted for review, and the bibliographies of the articles were searched for additional references. The search was limited to human studies, English-language literature, and reports on more than one patient. Results: Combined laminoplasty and fusion was found to provide at least comparable, if not superior, neurological outcomes in specific patient populations with CSM. The Japanese Orthopedic Association scores, local kyphosis, and C2–C7 angle have been reviewed in several manuscripts, and improvement in each of these categories was found with laminoplasty and fusion. Conclusions: The treatment of CSM necessitates an individualized approach based on the pathoanatomical variation. Laminoplasty and fusion can be appropriately used for patients with CSM in a setting of local kyphotic deformity, ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament, associated segmental instability, and the need for strong stabilization.
( Kathy J. Simpson ),( Shannon L. Williams ),( Patricia DeIRey ),( Teri M. Ciapponi ),( Hsiu Ling Wen ) 한국스포츠정책과학원(구 한국스포츠개발원) 2001 International Journal of Applied Sports Sciences Vol.13 No.1
The objective of the study was to determine the contributions of each limb to generate near-maximal running velocity and accurate foot placement onto the takeoff board during the approach phase of the long jump for elite, transtibial and transfemoral athletes. Using a panning technique, the 1996 Paralympic long jump competitions were videotaped Paired t-tests (p < 0.05) were used to investigate interlimb lower extremity symmetry for kinematic variables for the 20 transtibial and 3 transfemoral competitors. Based on inductive analysis methodology, the intertrial, individual participant kinematic SD patterns were categorized to estimate the visual control strategies used to attain accuracy. Some transtibial performers exhibited little interlimb asymmetry and increased running velocity by increasing step lengths and frequencies. The variety of locomotor strategies demonstrated could be due partly to the varying abilities among the performers to modulate the prosthetic limb step length or flight time. For transfemoral performers, increased velocity was accomplished via longer nonprosthetic limb step lengths. For the three transfemoral performers, the total number of steps, the approach velocity and accuracy modulation were affected by the limitations of the prosthetic limb. For visual targeting, very few jumpers exhibited the classic time-before-contact toe position SD pattern.
Continued Emissions of the Ozone-Depleting Substance Carbon Tetrachloride From Eastern Asia
Lunt, M. F.,Park, S.,Li, S.,Henne, S.,Manning, A. J.,Ganesan, A. L.,Simpson, I. J.,Blake, D. R.,Liang, Q.,O'Doherty, S.,Harth, C. M.,Mü,hle, J.,Salameh, P. K.,Weiss, R. F.,Krummel, P. B.,Fraser, P American Geophysical Union 2018 Geophysical research letters Vol.45 No.20