은희경의 「내가 살았던 집」에 나타나는 영화적 기법

김예니(Kim Ye-Nie) 돈암어문학회 2005 돈암어문학 Vol.- No.18

The strategy of the narrative in the novel of Eun Hi-Kyoung is verified. First, in her text whose character has “the cynical smile” and “the feigned wickedness”, which has the peculiarity that a “focalizer” and “voice” in the text is divided and overlaped. When a focalizer and voice is certainly divided, a focalizer secures the distance with the objectivity and just get a view of the world and the object as well as a character in the text with a view of “the cynical smile” and “the feigned wickedness”. But in the story about the past which is located in the interval of the present time, a focalizer and voice is unjustly divided, or overlaped almost. And throughout this story about the past, A event of the precent which looks meaningless acquires the meaning. At this time, we can realize that the writer is hiding away a restrained desire and thought behind the “the cynical smile”.<br/> Second, the Hard-cut of Montage which appears in the 「The House that I had been」 shows the transformed space made in the memory which looks the object. The arrangement that the past and the present, or difficult stories, or the object and the space stand in a line gives a reader the construable space. At the same time, the meaningless event that happens now has the meaning throughout the memory about the past and a reader can see and feel the space closer than others. Those peculiarities are the modern novel's and film-art's. Eun Hi-Kyoung makes the effect throughout the strategy of the narrative which evokes “the cynical smile” and "the feigned wickedness" that it is made in that a focalizer and voice is divided and overlaped, or situations and shots stand in a line.

A Damage Constitutive Model of Q345B Steel in Circular Tubes Based on Cyclic Experiments and Its Application on Structure

Gui-bo Nie,Chenxiao Zhang,Xudong Zhi,Kun Liu,Huihuan Ma 한국강구조학회 2019 International Journal of Steel Structures Vol.19 No.2

Q235B and Q345B are two structural steel grades widely used in China. In previous studies, more precisely in 2012, Nie defi ned a normalized constitutive model using material damage accumulation to describe damage behavior of Q235B steel in circular tubes. This paper focuses on the hysteretic damage behavior of Q345B steel in a circular steel tube under cyclic loads and describes the damage mechanism through a damage constitutive model based on experimental results. Three equations are implemented in the constitutive model, which includes a damage index to accurately describe the plastic and damage behavior of the material. Experiments were conducted in which a cyclic loading is applied in three directions on a circular steel tube. The constitutive model was implemented in the ABAQUS FEA software through a user-defi ned subroutine. Some parameters in the constitutive model were calibrated based on the experimental and numerical results. The performance behavior of a single-layer reticulated dome under seismic motion record was investigated through the increment dynamic analysis method. The results indicate that the constitutive model is suitable for analyses and quantifying seismic damage accumulation and progressive failure and it is also benefi cial for investigating the nonlinear dynamic behavior of structures under seismic loads. The eff ect of accumulated material damage can describe large-scale structural deformation and obvious reduction in the failure limit load.

Mixed Sulfur and Iodide-Based Lead-Free Perovskite Solar Cells

Nie, Riming,Mehta, Aarti,Park, Byung-wook,Kwon, Hyoung-Woo,Im, Jino,Seok, Sang Il American Chemical Society 2018 JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY - Vol.140 No.3

<P>The use of divalent chalcogenides and monovalent halides as anions in a perovskite structure allows the introduction of 3<SUP>+</SUP> and 4<SUP>+</SUP> charged cations in the place of the 2<SUP>+</SUP> metal cations. Herein we report for the first time on the fabrication of solar cells exploiting methylammonium antimony sulfur diiodide (MASbSI<SUB>2</SUB>) perovskite structures, as light harvesters. The MASbSI<SUB>2</SUB> was prepared by annealing under mild temperature conditions, via a sequential reaction between antimony trisulfide (Sb<SUB>2</SUB>S<SUB>3</SUB>), which is deposited by the chemical bath deposition (CBD) method, antimony triiodide (SbI<SUB>3</SUB>), and methylammonium iodide (MAI) onto a mesoporous TiO<SUB>2</SUB> electrode, and then annealed at 150 °C in an argon atmosphere. The solar cells fabricated using MASbSI<SUB>2</SUB> exhibited power conversion efficiencies (PCE) of 3.08%, under the standard illumination conditions of 100 mW/cm<SUP>2</SUP>.</P> [FIG OMISSION]</BR>

Norm Noncompliance and Norm Diffusion: Free Trade Norms among the United States, European Union, and China

Nie Wenjuan 경남대학교 극동문제연구소 2021 ASIAN PERSPECTIVE Vol.45 No.4

Would existing norms be vulnerable to degeneration due to the noncompliance behavior of some members, especially that of norm entrepreneurs? Standard accounts of norm studies focus on the negative influences of norm noncompliance on norm diffusion. This article starts with a critical thinking about norm noncompliance and argues that norm noncompliance, as well as norm compliance, constitutes a normal and necessary part of our social system. It develops hypotheses on why and how norm noncompliance leads to norm diffusion. To illustrate this argument, it takes free trade norms as a case to explore the different attitudes held by the United States, European Union (EU), and China. China has been motivated by US noncompliance behaviors to take the lead in diffusing free trade norms, while the EU tries to prevent China from taking the championship, which combined have promoted the diffusion of free trade norms.

Dynamic Fatigue Reliability Prediction Approach of Fuel Cell Vehicle Based on Usage Scenario

Nie Zhenyu,Liang Rongliang,Wu Zhen,Guo Ting,Zhang Xiaohui 한국자동차공학회 2024 International journal of automotive technology Vol.25 No.1

Fuel cell vehicles (FCVs) are an important direction for sustainable development of the automobile industry in the future. Still, the reliability and durability of FCVs are key technical problems aff ecting marketization. This study focused on fatigue reliability of FCVs under complex driving conditions. A dynamic analysis approach for fatigue reliability is proposed based on a dynamic Bayesian network and fracture mechanics (DBN-FM). According to the load spectrum data collected by an FCV on typical roads, a DBN model for the fatigue reliability of an FCV was established considering the randomness of variables in crack propagation. The practical application of the developed model is demonstrated through a case study. The results show that the DBN-FM approach can be used to predict the failure probability of FCVs under diff erent driving distances. In addition, the weak parts of the FCV were identifi ed, which provided theoretical guidance for its inspection and maintenance.

Dengue Virus 2 NS2B Targets MAVS and IKKε to Evade the Antiviral Innate Immune Response

Nie Ying,Deng Dongqing,Mou Lumin,Long Qizhou,Chen Jinzhi,Wu Jiahong 한국미생물·생명공학회 2023 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.33 No.5

Dengue virus (DENV) is a widespread arbovirus. To efficiently establish infection, DENV evolves multiple strategies to hijack the host innate immune response. Herein, we examined the inhibitory effects of DENV serotype 2 (DENV2) nonstructural proteins on RIG-I-directed antiviral immune response. We found that DENV2 NS2A, NS2B, NS4A, and NS4B significantly inhibited RIG-I-mediated IFN-β promoter activation. The roles of NS2B in RIG-I-directed antiviral immune response are unknown. Our study further showed that NS2B could dose-dependently suppress RIG-I/MAVSinduced activation of IFN-β promoter. Consistently, NS2B significantly decreased RIG-I- and MAVSinduced transcription of IFNB1, ISG15, and ISG56. Mechanistically, NS2B was found to interact with MAVS and IKKε to impair RIG-I-directed antiviral response. Our findings demonstrated a previously uncharacterized function of NS2B in RIG-I-mediated antiviral response, making it a promising drug target for anti-DENV treatments.

훈민정음 초성의 배열과 음양오행 원리

NIE BAOMEI 한글학회 2016 한글 Vol.- No.312

The purpose of this study is to explore the systematic Yin-Yang(陰陽) and the Five Elements(五行) of choseong's assignment and assignment's order in Hunminjeongeum. There is two different assignment of choseong in 『Jejahae』(制字解). The assignment of ‘喉牙舌齒脣’ fits up the very beginning order of the Five Elements. In Hunminjeongeum, choseong was assigned at the five Elements(五行), the Direction(五方), the season(五時), the O-eum(五音) and the O-seong(五聲). It fit up philosophical principle of the Five Elements(五行). Although the philosophical of Yin-Yang(陰陽) didn't appear in Hunminjeongeum. But the every consonant of Hangeul all has the principle of Yin-Yang(陰陽) and the Five Elements(五行). In 「Jejahae」(制字解), won-hyeong-i-jeong(元亨利貞) and the four season start from Jeong(貞) and winter respectively. Jeong(貞) and winter are the beginning of all the creation as well as the end. 본고는 훈민정음 초성자의 배열 순서에 내재된 오행 원리와 초성자의 제자에 내재된 음양오행 원리를 밝히는 데 목적을 둔다. 「제자해」를 보면 초성자는 두 가지 방식으로 배열되어 있다. 초성 기본자의 자형을 설명하는 부분에서는 ‘아설순치후’의 순서로 초성자가 배열되었고, ‘오행, 오방’ 등을 설명하는 부분에서는 ‘후아설치순’의 순서로 배열되었다. 본고에서는 ‘후아설치순’의 배열 순서에 주목하였는데, ‘후아설치순’의 배열이 오행의 처음 생하는 초생의 순서에 부합함을 새롭게 밝혔다. 「제자해」[정음해례3ㄱ]에는 ‘是則初聲之中, 自有陰陽五行方位之數也.’라고 하여 오행의 원리와 더불어 음양의 원리가 적용됨을 강조하였지만, 실제 설명에서 초성의 음양 원리는 문장 액면에 나타나지 않는다. 본고에서는 초성의 음양 원리가 오성, 오행, 오시, 오방 등의 배열 항목에 내재되어 있고, 초성 23자가 전체적으로 하나의 태극을 이루면서 오음마다 작은 차원의 태극을 이룬다는 사실을 밝혔다.

Theoretical Demonstration of the Ionic Barristor

Nie, Yifan,Hong, Suklyun,Wallace, Robert M.,Cho, Kyeongjae American Chemical Society 2016 Nano letters Vol.16 No.3

<P>In this Letter, we use first-principles simulations to demonstrate the absence of Fermi-level pinning when graphene is in contact with transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs). We find that formation of either an ohmic or Schottky contact is possible. Then we show that, due to the shallow density of states around its Fermi level, the work function of graphene can be tuned by ion adsorption. Finally we combine work function tuning of graphene and an ideal contact between graphene and TMDs to propose an ionic barristor design that can tune the work function of graphene with a much wider margin than current barristor designs, achieving a dynamic switching among p-type ohmic contact, Schottky contact, and n-type ohmic contact in one device.</P>

Dynamic Characteristic Simulation of Helicopter Tail Drive Shaft System

Nie Junfeng,Yu Guangbin,Song Ye,Qu Zhigang,Zheng Minli,Zhao Xingfu 보안공학연구지원센터 2016 International Journal of Smart Home Vol.10 No.6

Helicopter with the advantage of light, flexible and hovering in the air, is widely used. In both military and civilian domain, it gets more and more attention. It becomes the main subject of research in the world. In the power transmission system of helicopter, the tail rotor shaft is an important part. It is one of the key technologies to predict the dynamic characteristics of the shaft accurately for improving the overall performance of the helicopter. Based on the theory of elastic mechanics, rotor dynamics and the finite element analysis, the former main drive shaft is taken as an example. The dynamic characteristics of the transmission shaft is calculated by the multi/few degrees of freedom finite element method. The validity of the finite element method with few degrees of freedom is determined. Then the structure characteristics of the helicopter tail drive shaft are analyzed, and the dynamic characteristics of the helicopter tail rotor shaft are calculated by using the finite element method with few degrees of freedom. The research results provide the basis and guidance for the design of the helicopter tail drive system.

Efficient Solar Cells Based on Light-Harvesting Antimony Sulfoiodide

Nie, Riming,Yun, Hyun-sung,Paik, Min-Jae,Mehta, Aarti,Park, Byung-wook,Choi, Yong Chan,Seok, Sang Il Wiley-VCH 2018 ADVANCED ENERGY MATERIALS Vol.8 No.7

<P> Although antimony sulfoiodide (SbSI) exhibits very interesting properties including high photoconductivity, ferroelectricity, and piezoelectricity, it is not applied to solar cells. Meanwhile, SbSI is predominantly prepared as a powder using a high-temperature, high-pressure system. Herein, the fabrication of solar cells utilizing SbSI as light harvesters is reported for the first time to the best of knowledge. SbSI is prepared by solution processing, followed by annealing under mild temperature conditions by a reaction between antimony trisulfide, which is deposited by chemical bath deposition on a mesoporous TiO<SUB>2</SUB> electrode and antimony triiodide, under air at a low temperature (90 °C) without any external pressure. The solar cells fabricated using SbSI exhibit a power conversion efficiency of 3.05% under standard illumination conditions of 100 mW cm<SUP>-2</SUP>. </P>