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The Battle Between Influenza and the Innate Immune Response in the Human Respiratory Tract
John M Nicholls 대한감염학회 2013 Infection and Chemotherapy Vol.45 No.1
Influenza is a viral infection of the respiratory tract. Infection is normally confined to the upper respiratory tract but certain viral strains have evolved the ability to infect the lower respiratory tract, including the alveoli, leading to inflammation and a disease pattern of diffuse alveolar damage. Factors leading to this sequence of events are novel influenza strains, or strains that have viral proteins, in particular the NS1 protein that allow it to escape the innate immune system. There are three main barriers that prevent infection of pneumocytes – mucin, host defence lectins and cells such as macrophages. Viruses have developed strategies such as neuraminidase and glycosylation patterns that allow this evasion. Though there has been much investment in antiviral drugs, it is proposed that more attention should be directed towards developing or utilizing compounds that enhance the ability of the innate immune system to combat viral infection.
이슬람 해석에 대한 아시아와 중동의 상황 속에서의 성경적 해석학
( Bruce J Nicholls ) 한국복음주의신학회 2012 성경과신학 Vol.62 No.-
본 논문은 아시아의 교회 독자들에게 그들 자신의 문화 속에서, 특히 이슬람의 세계관과 해석학적 방법 안에서, 그들의 설교, 가르침, 상담에 있어서 하나님의 말씀에 대한 더 나은 해석을 시도할 것을 제안한다. 또한 아시아인들의 상황 속에서 성경 해석학의 목표들 가운데 하나가 그들 자신의 믿음의 비평적 자기-평가를 다루는 온건한 무슬림들과의 대화임을 제안한다. 이것은 절대적 진리로써의 코란에 대한 무조건적인 수용의 태도로부터 비평적 태도로의 해석학적 패러다임의 전환을 보여준다. 더욱이 본 논문은 현대 무슬림 세계에 관한 조사는 현대 아시아가 직면한 이슬람문화, 종교 그리고 정치와 특별히 관련된 근본적 문제들에 대한 대답을 주는 성경적 해석학의 개발의 긴급한 필요성을 우리로 하여금 깨닫도록 제안한다. This paper tries to help church leaders in Asian to be better expositors of God`s Word in their preaching, teaching and counseling ministries in our own cultural context, and in particular in light of the Islamic world view and hermeneutic method. The paper points out that one of the goals of biblical hermeneutics in the Asian context is to dialogue with moderate Muslims who undertake the critical self-evaluation of their own faith in order to help them make a paradigm shift in their attitude to the Qur`an from one of unquestioning and uncritical acceptance of it as absolute truth to a willingness to question the veracity of its claims, its endorsement of jihad, and its denial of human freedom. Furthermore, this argues that a survey of the contemporary Muslim world makes us realize the urgent need of developing a biblical hermeneutics that gives answers to the fundamental issues facing modern Asia with special reference to Islamic culture, religion and politics.
Hypertriglyceridemia and Cardiovascular Diseases: Revisited
고광곤,한승환,Stephen J Nicholls,Ichiro Sakuma,Dong Zhao 대한심장학회 2016 Korean Circulation Journal Vol.46 No.2
Residual cardiovascular risk and failure of high density lipoprotein cholesterol raising treatment have refocused interest on targeting hypertriglyceridemia. Hypertriglyceridemia, triglyceride-rich lipoproteins, and remnant cholesterol have demonstrated to be important risk factors for cardiovascular disease; this has been demonstrated in experimental, genetic, and epidemiological studies. Fibrates can reduce cardiovascular event rates with or without statins. High dose omega-3 fatty acids continue to be evaluated and new specialized targeting treatment modulating triglyceride pathways, such as inhibition of apolipoprotein C-III and angiopoietin-like proteins, are being tested with regard to their effects on lipid profiles and cardiovascular outcomes. In this review, we will discuss the role of hypertriglyceridemia, triglyceride-rich lipoproteins and remnant cholesterol on cardiovascular disease, and the potential implications for treatment stargeting hypertriglyceridemia.
Hatred and misogyny in social networks, a menace to female political representation
Andrea Gartenlaub-González,Alida Mayne-Nicholls 고려대학교 응용문화연구소 2022 에피스테메 Vol.- No.27
Misogyny as a social historical phenomenon has manifested itself in different ways through the ages and societies. With the arrival of the Internet and the use of social networks, these behaviours and manifestations of hatred towards women have changed, but they have also intensified their violence, recurrence and, at the same time, reinforce stereotypes and entrenched sociocultural behaviours that reproduce the traditional role of women. Misogyny in social networks is a phenomenon that particularly resists accepting the visibility of women when holding important political positions, attacking mainly women who exercise their rights and in particular when they participate in electoral processes. The objective of this chapter is to know how the specialized literature is analysing this phenomenon and how certain ideologies use it as part of their political discourse strategies.
Variability in Basal Melting Beneath Pine Island Ice Shelf on Weekly to Monthly Timescales
Davis, Peter E. D.,Jenkins, Adrian,Nicholls, Keith W.,Brennan, Paul V.,Abrahamsen, E. Povl,Heywood, Karen J.,Dutrieux, Pierre,Cho, Kyoung‐,Ho,Kim, Tae‐,Wan American Geophysical Union 2018 Journal of geophysical research. Oceans Vol.123 No.11
Effects of honeybee ( <i>Apis mellifera</i> ) venom on keratinocyte migration <i>in vitro</i>
Han, Sang Mi,Park, Kwan Kyu,Nicholls, Young Mee,Macfarlane, Nicola,Duncan, Greig Medknow PublicationsMedia Pvt Ltd 2013 Pharmacognosy magazine Vol.9 No.35
<P><B>Background:</B></P><P>Since the ancient times the skin aging application of honeybee venom (BV) is practiced and persisted until nowadays. The present study evaluated the effect of the honeybee venom (BV) on keratinocyte migration in wound healing model <I>in vitro</I>.</P><P><B>Objective:</B></P><P>To access BV further as a cosmetic ingredient and a potential external application for topical uses, we performed studies to investigate the biologic effect of BV treatment on keratinocyte proliferation and migration <I>in vitro</I>.</P><P><B>Material and Methods:</B></P><P>BV cytotoxicity was assessed by using a 3-[4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl]-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay over 24 h. To assess BV genotoxicity, damage to human epidermal keratinocyte (HEK) was evaluated using the Comet assay. HEK migration was evaluated using a commercial wound healing kit. The skin pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-8 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α were examined to evaluate the pro-inflammatory response to BV.</P><P><B>Results:</B></P><P>It was found that BV (<100 μg/ml) was not cytotoxic and stimulated more HEK proliferation and migration compared to negative control, and did not induce DNA damage. There were also decreases in IL-8 and TNF-α expression levels in HEK at all time points.</P><P><B>Conclusion:</B></P><P>These findings highlight the potential of topical application of BV for promoting cell regeneration and wound treatment.</P>