A Cross-Platform Malware Variant Classification based on Image Representation

( Hamad Naeem ),( Bing Guo ),( Farhan Ullah ),( Muhammad Rashid Naeem ) 한국인터넷정보학회 2019 KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Syst Vol.13 No.7

Recent internet development is helping malware researchers to generate malicious code variants through automated tools. Due to this reason, the number of malicious variants is increasing day by day. Consequently, the performance improvement in malware analysis is the critical requirement to stop the rapid expansion of malware. The existing research proved that the similarities among malware variants could be used for detection and family classification. In this paper, a Cross-Platform Malware Variant Classification System (CP-MVCS) proposed that converted malware binary into a grayscale image. Further, malicious features extracted from the grayscale image through Combined SIFT-GIST Malware (CSGM) description. Later, these features used to identify the relevant family of malware variant. CP-MVCS reduced computational time and improved classification accuracy by using CSGM feature description along machine learning classification. The experiment performed on four publically available datasets of Windows OS and Android OS. The experimental results showed that the computation time and malware classification accuracy of CP-MVCS was higher than traditional methods. The evaluation also showed that CP-MVCS was not only differentiated families of malware variants but also identified both malware and benign samples in mix fashion efficiently.

Knowledge Discovery in Metabolic Pathways

Muhammad Naeem,Misbah Naeem,Sohail Asghar 보안공학연구지원센터 2013 International Journal of Bio-Science and Bio-Techn Vol.5 No.3

Prediction of the Current-Voltage Characteristics and the Bipolar Resistive Switching Mechanism in Polymer-Based Sandwiched Structures

Muhammad Naeem Awais,Muhammad Naeem Shehzad 한국물리학회 2019 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.75 No.5

The prediction of the current-voltage (IV) characteristics of resistive switching devices has remained a challenge before their physical realization. This research work addresses the prediction of the IV characteristics and the bipolar switching mechanism of polymer-based resistive switches by examining their structures before their fabrication. The research was carried out through an analytical study of the device structure, thereby correlating the predicted IV curve to the \textit{in-situ} IV characteristics of the device. Different types of the device structures were considered, depending upon the work function of the top and the bottom electrodes and the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) levels of the sandwiched layer. We concluded that the defects/traps within the sandwiched layer lead to the interface effect being the dominant switching mechanism driving the polymer-based resistive switches. Furthermore, we also found that the devices following the interface effect are driven from trap-limited space-charge-limited current (SCLC) conduction to trap-free SCLC conduction as their current conduction mechanisms.

Whole-exome sequencing identifies a novel LRAT mutation underlying retinitis punctata albescens in a consanguineous Pakistani family

Muhammad Naeem,전미연,Obaid Ur Rahman,Fazal Rahim,Muhammad Naeem,강창수 한국유전학회 2015 Genes & Genomics Vol.37 No.10

Retinitis punctata albescens (RPA) is an ocular disease characterized by decreased visual acuity, night blindness, atropic maculopathy, and pigmentary retinopathy. Multiple genes have been linked to the etiology of RPA. In this study, we investigated the genetic causes of RPA in a consanguineous Pakistani family with multiple affected individuals. We performed whole-exome sequencing of seven family members, and screened variants co-segregating with RPA in recessive fashion. Bioinformatic and in silico analyses revealed that all affected individuals were homozygous for a novel mutation that substitutes glycine with arginine at position 66 (c.196 G[C) in exon 2 of the lecithin retinol acyltransferase (LRAT) that converts all-trans retinol to 11-cis retinal in the retinal pigment epithelium. This mutation was not present in 217 unrelated Pakistani control subjects nor in the Exome Aggregation Consortium database containing exome data from 60,638 individuals worldwide. Mutations in the LRAT gene were previously found from the patients with Leber congenital amaurosis and retinal dystrophy, however, we report first time that disruptions in this gene are also associated with RPA.

Adsorption Kinetics of Acid Red on Activated Carbon Web Prepared from Acrylic Fibrous Waste

M. Salman Naeem,Saima Javed,Vijay Baheti,Jakub Wiener,M. Usman Javed,Syed Zameer Ul Hassan,Adnan Mazari,Jawad Naeem 한국섬유공학회 2018 Fibers and polymers Vol.19 No.1

In this work, activated carbon (AC) web was prepared using physical activation under the layer of charcoal in high temperature furnace. The carbonization of acrylic fibrous waste was performed at different temperatures (800 ℃, 1000 ℃, and 1200 ℃) with heating rate of 300 oC/h and at different holding time. At 1200 ℃, the heating rate of 300 ℃/h and no holding time provided better results of surface area as compared to carbonization at 800 ℃ and 1000 ℃. The activated carbonweb (AC) prepared at 1200 oC was used for removal of Acid Red 27 dye from aqueous media by varying different parameters like initial concentration of dye, stirring speed, adsorbent dosage, and pH. The results were evaluated using non-linear forms of Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms. The Freundlich isotherm was found to describe the results more effectively because of non-homogenous surface of activated carbon web. Further, the kinetics of adsorption was examined using linear and nonlinearforms of pseudo 1st order and pseudo 2nd order.

Vulnerability of East Asian bumblebee species to future climate and land cover changes

Naeem, Muhammad,Liu, Meijuan,Huang, Jiaxing,Ding, Guiling,Potapov, Grigory,Jung, Chuleui,An, Jiandong Elsevier 2019 Agriculture, ecosystems & environment Vol.277 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Pollinators play a key role in agricultural and natural ecosystems, but their biodiversity is highly vulnerable to the impact of environmental changes. Here, we evaluated the distributional responses of 29 bumblebee species endemic to East Asia to future (2050s and 2070s) climate and land cover changes, and 17–27 (59–93 %) of the species exhibited range contraction. A decrease in species richness from 25 to 19 species in the highest region of central China was also detected due to range shifts of 17 km to 574 km. Furthermore, one (3.44%), three to five (10–17 %), and two to eight (7–28 %) of the 29 bumblebee species were predicted to become critically endangered, endangered and vulnerable in the future, respectively. Our study highlights the strong impact of environmental changes on species distributions, and we suggest strategies for the conservation of vulnerable species that include protecting the regions of high species richness and the most dominant land covers within the current range to mitigate the threat of environmental changes.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Pollinators are under threat from climate and climate-induced land cover changes. </LI> <LI> Distributional responses were predicted for 29 bumblebee species in East Asia. </LI> <LI> Of the studied species, 59–93 % experienced range loss in the future. </LI> <LI> Species richness declined within central mainland China and northeastern Asia. </LI> <LI> Conserving regions with high species richness and dominant land covers is needed. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

External Debt and Pro-Poor Economic Growth: Evidence from Bangladesh

( Naeem Akram ) 한국정책학회 2013 International Journal of Policy Studies Vol.4 No.2

At the beginning of the 21st century, the developing world has faced two major inter-related problems i.e. heavy indebtedness and the incidence of poverty. The triumphal view about debt-financed growth has been replaced by a more balanced view about how it affects economic growth, employment, inequality of income and the incidence of poverty. The present study examines the consequences of external debt for poverty regarding Bangladesh for the period 1975-2010. In this regard GINI coefficient has been used as an indicator of pro-poor growth and Auto Regressive Distributed Lags (ARDL) model has been used for the empirical analysis. It has been found that an increase in external debt, openness, urbanization and inflation resulted in widening the income inequality whereas an increase in per capita GDP tends to reduce the income inequality.

Pose and Expression Invariant Alignment based Multi-View 3D Face Recognition

( Naeem Ratyal ),( Imtiaz Taj ),( Usama Bajwa ),( Muhammad Sajid ) 한국인터넷정보학회 2018 KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Syst Vol.12 No.10

In this study, a fully automatic pose and expression invariant 3D face alignment algorithm is proposed to handle frontal and profile face images which is based on a two pass course to fine alignment strategy. The first pass of the algorithm coarsely aligns the face images to an intrinsic coordinate system (ICS) through a single 3D rotation and the second pass aligns them at fine level using a minimum nose tip-scanner distance (MNSD) approach. For facial recognition, multi-view faces are synthesized to exploit real 3D information and test the efficacy of the proposed system. Due to optimal separating hyper plane (OSH), Support Vector Machine (SVM) is employed in multi-view face verification (FV) task. In addition, a multi stage unified classifier based face identification (FI) algorithm is employed which combines results from seven base classifiers, two parallel face recognition algorithms and an exponential rank combiner, all in a hierarchical manner. The performance figures of the proposed methodology are corroborated by extensive experiments performed on four benchmark datasets: GavabDB, Bosphorus, UMB-DB and FRGC v2.0. Results show mark improvement in alignment accuracy and recognition rates. Moreover, a computational complexity analysis has been carried out for the proposed algorithm which reveals its superiority in terms of computational efficiency as well.

Interaction of English Grain Aphid, Sitobion avenae (F.) and Their Natural Enemies to an Agro-forestry Environment

Naeem Muhammad,Steve Compton,L.D. Incoll,Waseem Akram,Jong-Jin Lee 한국응용곤충학회 2005 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.8 No.2

The agro-forestry landscape can influence the distribution of wheat-feeding aphids and their natural enemies. Aphid population densities were significantly higher in the arable control areas compared to the arable alleys. The ratio of alate to apterous adults indicated that relatively higher numbers of alates were found in the control areas. The apterous S. avenae adults and nymphs combined were found to constitute approximately 97 % and 98 % of the total from the arable alleys and arable control areas respectively. Parasitism rates (the proportion of aphids that were mummified) were 12.80% and 7.60% in the arable alleys and control areas respectively. In contrast, the numbers of mummies per aphids were found to be lower in the arable controls. The small-scale variation in the distance of plants from the tree rows did not significantly influence insect abundance.

Flexural stress and crack sensing capabilities of MWNT/cement composites

Naeem, Faizan,Lee, H.K.,Kim, H.K.,Nam, I.W. ELSEVIER (APPLIED SCIENCE) 2017 COMPOSITE STRUCTURES -BARKING THEN OXFORD- Vol.175 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>The flexural stress/crack sensing capabilities of multi-wall carbon nanotube (MWNT)/cement composite sensors were investigated in this study. The electrical/mechanical characteristics of the composites were explored with respect to the MWNT contents, prior to evaluating the sensing capabilities of the composites. A dramatic increase (over three orders) in the electrical conductivity, compressive and flexural strength (36% and 18%) were observed in the composite specimens. The sensing capabilities of the composites were evaluated by monitoring the electrical resistance change of the composites under loading. The composites subjected to flexural stress showed higher sensing capability as the MWNT content was increased. Both stress and crack sensing capability were enhanced with the increase of MWNT content. In addition, the examination demonstrated that an embedment of MWNT content of 0.6wt% resulted in the best sensing capabilities. Lastly, the composites were embedded in two different locations of reinforced mortar beams for in-situ monitoring of electrical resistance. A dramatic change in the resistance of the composites were accompanied at failure of the mortar, regardless of the sensor location. The obtained result may have implications for the use of the composites as a stress/crack sensor in cement-based composite structures.</P>