Autophagy of bovine mammary epithelial cell induced by intracellular Staphylococcus aureus

Na Geng,Kangping Liu,Jianwei Lu,Yuliang Xu,Xiaozhou Wang,Run Wang,Jianzhu Liu,Yongxia Liu,Bo Han 한국미생물학회 2020 The journal of microbiology Vol.58 No.4

Bovine mastitis is a common disease in the dairy industry that causes great economic losses. As the primary pathogen of contagious mastitis, Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) can invade bovine mammary epithelial cells, thus evading immune defenses and resulting in persistent infection. Recently, autophagy has been considered an important mechanism for host cells to clear intracellular pathogens. In the current study, autophagy caused by S. aureus was detected, and the correlation between autophagy and intracellular S. aureus survival was assessed. First, a model of intracellular S. aureus infection was established. Then, the autophagy of MAC-T cells was evaluated by confocal microscopy and western blot. Moreover, the activation of the PI3K-Akt-mTOR and ERK1/2 signaling pathways was determined by western blot. Finally, the relationship between intracellular bacteria and autophagy was analyzed by using autophagy regulators (3-methyladenine [3-MA], rapamycin [Rapa] and chloroquine [CQ]). The results showed that S. aureus caused obvious induction of autophagosome formation, transformation of LC3I/II, and degradation of p62/SQSTM1 in MAC-T cells; furthermore, the PI3K-Akt-mTOR and ERK1/2 signaling pathways were activated. The number of intracellular S. aureus increased significantly with autophagy activation by rapamycin, whereas the number decreased when the autophagy flux was inhibited by chloroquine. Therefore, this study indicated that intracellular S. aureus can induce autophagy and utilize it to survive in bovine mammary epithelial cells.

The Research of Terracotta Warriors Color Restoration Based on Color Transfer

Na Li,Guo-hua Geng,Ke-gang Wang 보안공학연구지원센터 2015 International Journal of Signal Processing, Image Vol.8 No.4

Precipitation Behavior of Hot - Extruded Alloy 718 during Isothermal Treatment

Na, Young Sang,Lin, Geng,Park, Nho Kwang 대한금속재료학회(대한금속학회) 1999 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.5 No.4

The precipitation and dissolution behavior of hot-extruded alloy 718 was investigated during isothermal treatment at temperatures from 600℃ up to 1150℃ at different times from 0.3h to 72h. Analysis was conducted using hardness measurement and an electron microscope. It was observed that the γ/γ' phases were precipitated further during isothermal exposure at 600℃-700℃. When the isothermal treatment was carried out at 800℃, the δ phase was precipitated at the expense of the γ' phase, which resulted in a slight decrease of hardness with increasing holding time. Above exposure temperature of 900℃, a rapid decrease in hardness occurred within the holding time of 0.3h, resulting from the dissolution of the γ' phase and a sharp decrease in the amount of the γ$quot; phase. Rapid grain growth also affected the decrease in hardness above 900℃.

Identification and characterization of heat shock proteins in a parasitic wasp Chouioia cuneae (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae)

Li‐Na Pan,Feng-ZhuWANG,Xin-Yue ZHANG,Yan-Ni ZHAO,Geng-Ping ZHU,Min LI 한국곤충학회 2018 Entomological Research Vol.48 No.3

Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are known to be induced in response to various stress factors. Although HSPs have been studied in a number of insects, not much is known about HSPs in the natural enemies of insects, especially parasitoids. In this study, we identified and characterized five full‐length HSP genes (Cchsp40, Cchsp60, Cchsp70, Cchsp83, and Cchsp90) from an endoparasitic chalcid wasp, Chouioia cunea, which parasitizes the fall webworm, Hyphantria cunea pupae, a worldwide pest. The expression of Cchsps in response to temperature, pesticide stresses and UV radiation were also investigated by quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (RT‐qPCR). The results showed that all five Cchsps were induced in response to hot and cold temperatures. Four pesticides induced the abundant expression of Cchsp70, Cchsp83 and Cchsp90 while ultraviolet radiation up‐regulated Cchsp40, Cchsp70, Cchsp83 and Cchsp90. These results indicate the different transcriptional profiles of the five different Cchsps in response to various abiotic stresses. The findings of this study provide insights into the response of C. cunea to abiotic stresses and insight into the use of this parasitoid in biological control strategies.

Expression of HMGB1 and its Clinical Significance in T-cell Lymphoma

Mao, Xing-Jiang,Wang, Geng-Fu,Chen, Zhi-Jun,Wang, Li-Na,Zhang, Jun-Biao,Wang, Hui-Ling Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2012 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.13 No.11

Objectives: To evaluate the clinical significance of HMGB1 expression in T-cell lymphoma. Methods: Immunohistochemical staining for HMGB1 and survivin was performed with specimens from 120 cases of T-cell lymphoma and 40 cases of reactive lymphoid hyperplasia with antibodies against human HMGB1 and survivin. Results: The expression of HMGB1 and survivin was significantly higher in tissues of T-cell lymphoma than in reactive lymphoid hyperplasia. Positive expression of HMGB1 and survivin was observed in 63.7% (65/102) and 61.8% (63/102) of T-cell lymphoma cases, respectively. While was associated with gender, age, and tumor location, significant correlations with malignancy and clinical stage were observed. Spearman rank correlation analysis revealed that the expression of HMGB1 and survivin was positively correlated in T-cell lymphomas (P<0.01). Conclusions: Expression of HMGB1 and survivin in T-cell lymphomas is significantly associated with malignancy and clinical stage, but not with gender, age and tumor location. Elevated expression of HMGB1 may be an important biomarker for the development and progression of T-cell lymphoma.

Characterization of the bacterial microbiota across the different intestinal segments of the Qinghai semi-fine wool sheep on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau

Wang Xungang,Hu Linyong,Liu Hongjin,Xu Tianwei,Zhao Na,Zhang Xiaoling,Geng Yuanyue,Kang Shengping,Xu Shixiao 아세아·태평양축산학회 2021 Animal Bioscience Vol.34 No.12

Objective: The intestinal microbiota enhances nutrient absorption in the host and thus promotes heath. Qinghai semi-fine wool sheep is an important livestock raised in the Qinghai- Tibetan Plateau; however, little is known about the bacterial microbiota of its intestinal tract. The aim of this study was to detect the microbial characterization in the intestinal tract of the Qinghai semi-fine wool sheep. Methods: The bacterial profiles of the six different intestinal segments (duodenum, jejunum, ileum, cecum, colon and rectum) of Qinghai semi-fine wool sheep were studied using 16S rRNA V3-V4 hypervariable amplicon sequencing. Results: A total of 2,623,323 effective sequences were obtained, and 441 OTUs shared all six intestinal segments. The bacterial diversity was significantly different among the different intestinal segments, and the large intestine exhibited higher bacterial diversity than the small intestine. Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, and Patescibacteria were the dominant phyla in these bacterial communities. Additionally, at the genus level, Prevotella_1, Candidatus_ Saccharimonas, and Ruminococcaceae_UCG-005 were the most predominant genus in duodenal segment, jejunal and ileal segments, and cecal, colonic, and rectal segments, respectively. We predicted that the microbial functions and the relative abundance of the genes involved in carbohydrate metabolism were overrepresented in the intestinal segments of Qinghai semi-fine wool sheep. Conclusion: The bacterial communities and functions differed among different intestinal segments. Our study is the first to provide insights into the composition and biological functions of the intestinal microbiota of Qinghai semi-fine wool sheep. Our results also provide useful information for the nutritional regulation and production development in Qinghai semi-fine wool sheep. Objective: The intestinal microbiota enhances nutrient absorption in the host and thus promotes heath. Qinghai semi-fine wool sheep is an important livestock raised in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau; however, little is known about the bacterial microbiota of its intestinal tract. The aim of this study was to detect the microbial characterization in the intestinal tract of the Qinghai semi-fine wool sheep.Methods: The bacterial profiles of the six different intestinal segments (duodenum, jejunum, ileum, cecum, colon and rectum) of Qinghai semi-fine wool sheep were studied using 16S rRNA V3-V4 hypervariable amplicon sequencing.Results: A total of 2,623,323 effective sequences were obtained, and 441 OTUs shared all six intestinal segments. The bacterial diversity was significantly different among the different intestinal segments, and the large intestine exhibited higher bacterial diversity than the small intestine. Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, and Patescibacteria were the dominant phyla in these bacterial communities. Additionally, at the genus level, Prevotella_1, Candidatus_ Saccharimonas, and Ruminococcaceae_UCG-005 were the most predominant genus in duodenal segment, jejunal and ileal segments, and cecal, colonic, and rectal segments, respectively. We predicted that the microbial functions and the relative abundance of the genes involved in carbohydrate metabolism were overrepresented in the intestinal segments of Qinghai semi-fine wool sheep.Conclusion: The bacterial communities and functions differed among different intestinal segments. Our study is the first to provide insights into the composition and biological functions of the intestinal microbiota of Qinghai semi-fine wool sheep. Our results also provide useful information for the nutritional regulation and production development in Qinghai semi-fine wool sheep.

Novel Mutations in CYP51B from Penicillium digitatum Involved in Prochloraz Resistance

Jinlong Wang,Jinhui Yu,Jing Liu,Yongze Yuan,Na Li,Muqing He,Ting Qi,Geng Hui,Li Xiong,Deli Liu 한국미생물학회 2014 The journal of microbiology Vol.52 No.9

Green mold caused by Penicillium digitatum is one of themost serious postharvest diseases of citrus fruit, and it isubiquitous in all citrus growing regions in the world. Sterol14α-demethylase (CYP51) is one of the key enzymes of sterolbiosynthesis in the biological kingdom and a prime targetof antifungal drugs. Mutations in CYP51s have been foundto be correlated with resistance to azole fungicides in manyfungal species. To investigate the mechanism of resistance toprochloraz (PRC) in P. digitatum, the PRC sensitivity wasdetermined in vitro in this study to assess the sensitivity of78 P. digitatum isolates collected in Hubei province. Theresults showed that 25 isolates were prochloraz-resistant(PRC-R), including six high-resistant (HR) strains, twelvemedium-resistant (MR) and seven low-resistant (LR) strains. A sequence analysis showed no consistent point mutationsof PdCYP51A in the PRC-R strains, but four substitutionsof CYP51B were found, Q309H in LR strains, Y136H andQ309H in HR strains, and G459S and F506I in MR strains,which corresponded to the four sensitivity levels. Based onthe sequence alignment analysis and homology modelingfollowed by the molecular docking of the PdCYP51B protein,the potential correlation between the mutations and PRC resistance is proposed.