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de Moura Bell, J.M.L.N.,Aquino, L.F.M.C.,Liu, Y.,Cohen, J.L.,Lee, H.,de Melo Silva, V.L.,Rodrigues, M.I.,Barile, D. American Dairy Science Association 2016 Journal of dairy science Vol.99 No.8
<P>Enzymatic hydrolysis of lactose has been shown to improve the efficiency and selectivity of membrane-based separations toward the recovery of bioactive oligosaccharides. Achieving maximum lactose hydrolysis requires intrinsic process optimization for each specific substrate, but the effects of those processing conditions on the target oligosaccharides are not well understood. Response surface methodology was used to investigate the effects of pH (3.25-8.25), temperature (35-55 degrees C), reaction time (6 to 58 min), and amount of enzyme (0.05-0.25%) on the efficiency of lactose hydrolysis by beta-galactosidase and on the preservation of biologically important sialyloligosaccharides (3'-siallylactose, 6-siallylactose, and 6'-sialyl-N-acetyllactosamine) naturally present in bovine colostrum whey permeate. A central composite rotatable design was used. In general, beta-galactosidase activity was favored at pH values ranging from 3.25 to 5.75, with other operational parameters having a less pronounced effect. A pH of 4.5 allowed for the use of a shorter reaction time (19 min), lower temperature (40 degrees C), and reduced amount of enzyme (0.1%), but complete hydrolysis at a higher pH (5.75) required greater values for these operational parameters. The total amount of sialyloligosaccharides was not significantly altered by the reaction parameters evaluated, suggesting specificity of beta-galactosidase from Aspergillus oryzae toward lactose as well as the stability of the oligosaccharides at pH, temperature, and reaction time evaluated.</P>
An optimized index for cold tolerance assessment in rice during germination and early seedling stage
Monzón Daisy Leticia Ramirez,Cantero Jorge,Danielowski Rodrigo,da Luz Viviane Kopp,Venske Eduardo,Mota Monalize Salete,da Silva Raissa Martins,de Oliveira Victoria Freitas,de Oliveira Antonio Costa,de 한국작물학회 2023 Journal of crop science and biotechnology Vol.26 No.2
Cold tolerance at germination and seedling stage is one of the most seeked traits in Southern Brazilian rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars, thus, the availability of improved methods for germplasm assessment is of high importance for breeding programs. The aim of this study was to validate an optimized Average Tolerance Index (ATI) for rice germplasm assessment under cold at germination and early seedling stage. A diverse panel composed by 124 rice accessions was assayed. Four genotypes with known performance under cold were used as controls (two tolerant and two sensitive). The genotypes were sown in roll papers, and evaluated at 13 °C for 28 days (cold stress) and 25 °C for seven days (control). Four traits were measured, germination percentage, coleoptile length, root length and shoot length, which were converted in terms of relative perfor‑ mance (cold/control). A PCA analysis was carried out. The ATI was calculated as a linear combination of all trait’s relative performance, weighted by the importance of each trait in explaining the genetic variability in the set, through including the PC1 vectors as trait coefcients. K means was applied for genotype classifcation. The panel showed expressive genetic variability for performance under low temperature. The ATI successfully distinguished the controls regarding their cold tolerance and allowed the formation of four classes of genotypes, sensitive, moderately sensitive, moderately tolerant and tolerant. The assessment of rice germplasm for cold tolerance at germination and seedling stage through ATI is a viable alternative for the identifcation of tolerant genotypes.
S.P. Ratnayake,C. Sandaruwan,M.M.M.G.P.G. Mantilaka,N. de Silva,D. Dahanayake,U.K Wanninayake,W.R.L.N. Bandara,S. Santhoshkumar,E. Murugan,G.A.J.Amaratunga,K.M. Nalin de Silva 한국공업화학회 2021 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.95 No.-
A unique zirconia nanomorphology possessing an enhanced photocatalytic efficiency was developedutilizing a convenient single-sol synthesis process which involved in-situ doping of zirconia by boron. The boron-doped zirconia exhibited aflake morphology as opposed to the spherical pure form andsubsequent crystallographic investigations implied the phase conversion from binary to single-phasealong with the shape due to the doping. Optical characterization indicated a modified band structurewith newly generated isolated impurity states within the principle zirconia band edges. As per the X-rayspectroscopy data, boron was detected as chemically bound to oxygen while electron paramagneticresonance indicated the presence of an adsorbed oxygen lattice. During UV and simulated solarirradiation trials, respective removal capabilities of 90% and 93% of the model compound wereaccomplished, hence the effectiveness of the photocatalyst was confirmed. The enhanced photoactivityobserved in the UV region was attributed to combined effects of the boron-induced isolated impuritystates within principle band edges of zirconia, the defect-rich planer morphology, favorable interfacialinteractions and the greater availability of oxygen on the lattice. Developed nanoflakes are stable, inert,and efficient hence exhibiting compelling suitability in the remediation of harmful industrial organiccompounds.
Influence of Hole Distance on Low Velocity Impact Damage
P.N.B. Reis,R.A.M. Santos,F.G.A. Silva,M.F.S.F. de Moura 한국섬유공학회 2018 Fibers and polymers Vol.19 No.12
This work addresses the influence of the distance between a hole and the point of impact on low velocity impact damage on cross-ply carbon-epoxy laminates. Experimental tests were performed on plates without and with holes located at different distances relatively to impact point. Internal damage was assessed by means of the C-Scan technique in order to identify the influence of holes on induced internal damage. A three-dimensional numerical analysis including cohesive zone modelling was performed to evaluate the damage mechanism and to verify how it is affected by the holes distance. It was verified that a hole at a given distance from the impact point induces asymmetric damage, whose profile and size depend on the referred distance. On the other hand, symmetrical damage outline was obtained for a plate without hole and a plate with a centred hole. The model captures accurately the essence of the damage phenomenon and provided a thorough insight about the interaction of the hole presence on damage pattern.
Anelise S.N. Formagio,Maria do Carmo Vieira,Luiz A.C. dos Santos,Clau´dia A.L. Cardoso,Mary Anny Foglio,Joao Ernesto de Carvalho,Magaiver Andrade-Silva,Caˆndida A.L. Kassuya 한국식품영양과학회 2013 Journal of medicinal food Vol.16 No.1
The essential oil from the leaves of Annona sylvatica (EOAS) was extracted by hydrodistillation, and the analysis was performed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. The main compounds identified in the EOAS were sesquiterpenes, such as hinesol, z-caryophyllene, β-maaliene, γ-gurjunene, silphiperfol-5-en-3-ol, ledol, cubecol-1-epi, and muurola-3,5-diene. Oral administration of the EOAS (20 and 200 mg/kg) and subcutaneous injection of dexamethasone (0.5 mg/kg, reference drug) significantly inhibited carrageenan- and complete Freund's adjuvant–induced mouse paw edema. The anticancer activity the EOAS showed growth inhibitory activity on all cell lines when administered in a high concentration. The EOAS inhibited the growth of human cancer cell lines with GI50 values in the range of 36.04–45.37 μg/mL on all of the cell lines tested. This work describes for the first time the anti-inflammatory and anticancer effects of the essential oil of A. sylvatica and its composition. Considering that drugs currently available for the treatment of inflammatory and cancer conditions show undesirable side-effects, the present results may have clinical relevance and open new possibilities for the development of novel anti-inflammatory and anticancer drugs.
Heat-resistant luminescent films: a thermal study of fluorene/thiophene copolymer-elastomer blends
Agnaldo G. N. de Souza,Yasmin B. da Silva,Rebeca R. Rodrigues,Alessandra S. Menandro,Laura O. Péres 한국고분자학회 2024 Macromolecular Research Vol.32 No.8
The luminescent properties of conjugated copolymers could be harmed due to thermo-oxidative degradation, limiting their applications. To overcome these problems, incorporating flexible and stable polymers, such as elastomers, is a simple and advantageous approach to obtaining luminescent, flexible, and thermo-resistant films. Thin films based on blends of a luminescent thiophene/fluorene copolymer (PTPF) and two elastomers, nitrile rubber (NBR) and natural rubber (NR) were prepared by a straightforward method, and thermal degradation tests were carried out at different temperatures. Oxidized structures in the PTPF chains can be observed using FTIR, and up to 330 °C for NR and to 395 °C for NBR, no significant changes were observable, however, over these temperatures, the blends also lost their luminescent properties. The characterization of the films at increasing degradation stages points to possible mechanisms associated with the degradation processes suggesting a strategy to guarantee incremented thermal protection to the conjugated material, maintaining its structural and optical properties at higher temperatures than ambient temperature, making these flexible-luminescent films interesting for applications in which the thermal resistance is a key factor to consider.
Hossain, Sabrina,De Silva, B.C.J.,Wimalasena, S.H.M.P.,Pathirana, H.N.K.S.,Heo, Gang-Joon The Korean Society of Veterinary Service 2017 韓國家畜衛生學會誌 Vol.40 No.1
Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica is a common microbial flora in pet turtles, which could opportunistically become pathogenic to human. Their possession of aminoglycoside resistance genes has important significance both in humans and animal medicine. In this study, twenty-one Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica were isolated from thirty-five individual turtles purchased from pet shops and online markets in Korea. In order to characterize the aminoglycoside susceptibility patterns, antimicrobial susceptibility tests were performed against gentamicin, amikacin and kanamycin of aminoglycoside antimicrobial group. Each of the isolates showed susceptibility to all tested aminoglycosides in disk diffusion and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) tests. PCR assay was carried out to determine aminoglycoside resistance genes, integron and integron mediated aminoglycoside genes. None of the isolates showed aac(3)-IIa, aac-(6')-Ib, armA, aphAI-IAB aminoglycoside resistance genes. Only, five isolates (24%) harbored class 1 integron related IntI1 integrase gene. The results suggest that Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica strains isolated from pet turtles are less resistance to aminoglycosides and don't harbor any aminoglycosides resistance genes.
Roder, David M.,Silva, Primali De,Zorbas, Helen N.,Webster, Fleur,Kollias, James,Pyke, Chris M.,Campbell, Ian D. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2012 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.13 No.4
Aim: The study aim was to determine the frequency with which women decline clinicians' treatment recommendations and variations in this frequency by age, cancer and service descriptors. Design: The study included 36,775 women diagnosed with early invasive breast cancer in 1998-2005 and attending Australian and New Zealand breast surgeons. Rate ratios for declining treatment were examined by descriptor, using bilateral and multiple logistic regression analyses. Proportional hazards regression was used in exploratory analyses of associations with breast cancer death. Results: 3.4% of women declined a recommended treatment of some type, ranging from 2.6% for women under 40 years to 5.8% for those aged 80 years or more, and with parallel increases by age presenting for declining radiotherapy (p<0.001) and axillary surgery (p=0.006). Multiple regression confirmed that common predictors of declining various treatments included low surgeon case load, treatment outside major city centres, and older age. Histological features suggesting a favourable prognosis were often predictive of declining various treatments, although reverse findings also applied with women with positive nodal status being more likely to decline a mastectomy and those with larger tumours more likely to decline chemotherapy. While survival analyses lacked statistical power due to small numbers, higher risks of breast cancer death were suggested, after adjusting for age and conventional clinical risk factors, (1) for women not receiving breast surgery for unstated reasons (RR=2.29; p<0.001); and (2) although not approaching statistical significance $p{\geq}0.200$), for women declining radiotherapy (RR=1.22), a systemic therapy (RR1.11), and more specifically, chemotherapy (RR=1.41). Conclusions: Women have the right to choose their treatments but reasons for declining recommendations require further study to ensure that choices are well informed and clinical outcomes are optimized.