피부미용사의 감정노동이 직무소진 및 직무만족에 미치는 영향에 있어 사회적 지원의 조절적 역할에 관한 연구

신향란(Shin, Hyang Ran),모정희(Mo, Jeong Hee) 한국디자인문화학회 2017 한국디자인문화학회지 Vol.23 No.2

아름다움을 창조하는 뷰티서비스 산업은 미용기술이라는 무형의 서비스를 생산하고 판매하는 산업이며, 고객만족을 위한 최상의 서비스 제공이 매우 중요하다. 특히 피부미용 서비스를 제공하는 피부미용사는 반복적으로 행해지는 육체적 노동과 함께 최상의 고객만족을 위해 개인의 감정을 억누르고 항상 친절하게 응대하도록 감정노동을 요구받고 있는 것이 현실이다. 따라서 본 연구는 피부미용사의 감정노동이 직무소진인 정서적 고갈 및 비인격화, 성취감 저하에 미치는 영향을 검증하고, 관리자(원장, 실장), 동료의 사회적 지원의 조절적 역할을 검증하고자 한다. 또한 후속하여 직무소진이 직무만족에 미치는 영향을 인과관계 틀에서 검증함으로써 감정노동을 하는 피부미용사의 인적관리를 프로그램 마련에 기초자료를 제공하고자 한다. 연구대상은 광주⋅전남지역의 피부미용사를 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하였으며, 자료는 윈도우용 SPSS21.0 통계 패키지를 이용해서 빈도분석, 요인분석 및 신뢰도 분석, 구성개념 변수들의 유의한 상관관계를 나타내는 상관분석, 회귀분석을 실시하였으며 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 감정노동인 내면행동이 정서적 고갈에 미치는 영향은 긍정적으로 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났으나, 표현행동은 정서적 고갈에 유의적 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 감정노동이 직무소진의 비인격화에 미치는 영향은 내면행동은 긍정적인 유의적 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났으나, 표현행동은 유의적 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 반면에 감정노동이 성취감저하에 미치는 영향은 내면행동은 성취감저하에 부 (-)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났으며. 표현행동은 긍정적으로 유의적 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타나 정서적 고갈과 비인격화와의 다른 결과를 나타냈다. 둘째, 감정노동이 직무소진에 미치는 영향에서 사회적 지원을 조절효과를 검증한 사회적지원의 조절효과가 있음을 알 수 있었다. 셋째. 직무만족은 직무소진 중 비인격화는 부(-)의 유의적 영향, 성취감 저하는 성취감저하는 직무만족에 긍정적으로 유의적 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 직무소진 중 정서적 고갈이 직무만족에 미치는 영향은 통계적으로 유의적 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 결론적으로 피부미용사의 감정노동이 직무소진, 직무만족에 영향을 미치는데 있어 사회적 지원이 매우 중요함을 확인할 수 있어 사회적 지원에 대한 다양한 전략을 모색하는 것이 조직의 좋은 성과를 가져올 수 있을 것으로 사료된다. The beauty service industry produces and sells the intangible services of beauty and art, in which providing the best service for customer satisfaction is very important. In particular, skin care craftsmen who provide skin care services are always required to be kind to customers for the best customer satisfaction while controlling what they feel along with performing repetitive physical tasks. Therefore, this study analysed the effects their emotional labor had on emotional exhaustion, impersonalization, and low sense of accomplishment, and the moderating role of social support from managers(directors and team leaders) and co-workers. Then, this study verified the effect job burnout had on job satisfaction in the frame of cause and effect to provide basic data for the development of a personnel management program. The subjects of the study were estheticians in Gwangju City and Jeonnam Province and were interviewed with the use of a questionnaire. The data was analysed using SPSS 21.0 and a frequency analysis, a factor analysis, a reliability analysis, a correlation analysis and a regression analysis were conducted and the results are presented as follows: First, internal behavior as emotional labor had a positive effect on emotional burnout while expressed behavior did not have a significant effect on emotional burnout. As for the effect emotional labor had on the impersonalization of job burnout, internal behavior has a significant positive effect on it, but expressed behavior had a significant effect on it. However, for the effect emotional labor had on a low sense of accomplishment, internal behavior had a negative effect on low levels of accomplishment and expressed behavior had a positively significant effect on it. These results were different from those of impersonlization and emotional burnout. Second, by analysing the effect emotional labor had on job burnout, it was discovered that the moderating effect of social support was significant. Third, job satisfaction had a negatively significant effect on impersonalization and a low sense of accomplishment had a positively significant effect on job satisfaction. However, the effect emotional burnout had on job satisfaction was not statistically significant. In conclusion, this study discovered that for the effect emotional labor of estheticians had on job burnout and job satisfaction, social support was very important and suggested that diverse strategies to encourage social support should be developed for better results in organizations.

Evaluation of the Neurological Safety of Epidural Milnacipran in Rats

( Seung Mo Lim ),( Mee Ran Shin ),( Kyung Ho Kang ),( Hyun Kang ),( Francis Sahngun Nahm ),( Baek Hui Kim ),( Hwa Yong Shin ),( Young Jin Lim ),( Sang Chul Lee ) 대한통증학회 2012 The Korean Journal of Pain Vol.25 No.4

Background: Milnacipran is a balanced serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor with minimal side effects and broad safety margin. It acts primarily on the descending inhibitory pain pathway in brain and spinal cord. In many animal studies, intrathecal administration of milnacipran is effective in neuropathic pain management. However, there is no study for the neurological safety of milnacipran when it is administered neuraxially. This study examined the neurotoxicity of epidural milnacipran by observing behavioral and sensory-motor changes with histopathological examinations of spinal cords in rats. Methods: Sixty rats were divided into 3 groups, with each group receiving epidural administration of either 0.3 ml (3 mg) of milnacipran (group M, n = 20), 0.3 ml of 40% alcohol (group A, n = 20), or 0.3 ml of normal saline (group S, n = 20). Results: There were no abnormal changes in the behavioral, sensory-motor, or histopathological findings in all rats of groups M and S over a 3-week observation period, whereas all rats in group A had abnormal changes. Conclusions: Based on these findings, the direct epidural administration of milnacipran in rats did not present any evidence of neurotoxicity in behavioral, sensory-motor and histopathological evaluations.

지능형 학습 가능한 에이전트의 설계 및 구현

신모란(Mo-Ran Shin),윤성현(Sung-Hyun Yun),류기곤(Ki-Gon Ryu),최동성(Dong-Seong Choi),김성일(Sung-Il Kim),이명진(Myung-Jin Lee),소연희(Yeon-Hee So) 한국HCI학회 2005 한국HCI학회 학술대회 Vol.2005 No.1

Effects of environmental factors on the growth response of above- and below-ground parts of Mankyua chejuense, endangered endemic plant to Jeju province, in Korea

Kim, Hae-Ran,Shin, Jeong-Hoon,Jeong, Heon-Mo,You, Young-Han The Ecological Society of Korea 2014 Journal of Ecology and Environment Vol.37 No.2

Mankyua chejuense is a native endangered plant distributed only in Gotzawal, a forested wetland, in Jeju Province, Korea. In order to determine the optimal environmental conditions for the growth and development of M. chejuense, we investigated the above- and below-ground growth responses and survival rate to various soil texture (sand and clay), water regimes (flooding and non-flooding), and $CO_2+T$ (ambient and elevated) conditions. All of the treatments had significant effects on aboveground growth parameters, while only the water regime and $CO_2+T$ treatments influenced belowground growth. The survival rate of M. chejuense was about twice higher under the sand, non-flooding and elevated $CO_2+T$ conditions than clay, flooding and ambient $CO_2+T$ conditions. These results indicate that M. chejuense grows in well-drained sandy soil conditions and elevated $CO_2$ concentration and temperature situations. Thus, there is a need to maintain M. chejuense under constant non-flooding soil conditions by implementing appropriate soil drainage strategies.

Evaluation of the Neurological Safety of Epidural Milnacipran in Rats

Lim, Seung-Mo,Shin, Mee-Ran,Kang, Kyung-Ho,Kang, Hyun,Nahm, Francis Sahn-Gun,Kim, Baek-Hui,Shin, Hwa-Yong,Lim, Young-Jin,Lee, Sang-Chul The Korean Pain Society 2012 The Korean Journal of Pain Vol.25 No.4

Background: Milnacipran is a balanced serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor with minimal side effects and broad safety margin. It acts primarily on the descending inhibitory pain pathway in brain and spinal cord. In many animal studies, intrathecal administration of milnacipran is effective in neuropathic pain management. However, there is no study for the neurological safety of milnacipran when it is administered neuraxially. This study examined the neurotoxicity of epidural milnacipran by observing behavioral and sensory-motor changes with histopathological examinations of spinal cords in rats. Methods: Sixty rats were divided into 3 groups, with each group receiving epidural administration of either 0.3 ml (3 mg) of milnacipran (group M, n = 20), 0.3 ml of 40% alcohol (group A, n = 20), or 0.3 ml of normal saline (group S, n = 20). Results: There were no abnormal changes in the behavioral, sensory-motor, or histopathological findings in all rats of groups M and S over a 3-week observation period, whereas all rats in group A had abnormal changes. Conclusions: Based on these findings, the direct epidural administration of milnacipran in rats did not present any evidence of neurotoxicity in behavioral, sensory-motor and histopathological evaluations.

남산의 소나무림, 신갈나무림, 아까시나무림의 낙엽생산과 토양유기탄소 동태

정헌모 ( Heon Mo Jeong ),김해란 ( Hae Ran Kim ),신동훈 ( Dong Hoon Shin ),이경미 ( Kyoung Mi Lee ),이승혁 ( Seung Hyuk Lee ),한영섭 ( Young Sub Han ),장래하 ( Rae Ha Jang ),이상경 ( Sang Kyeong Lee ),김태규 ( Tae Kyu Kim ),유영한 한국환경생물학회 2013 환경생물 : 환경생물학회지 Vol.31 No.2

남산의 소나무림, 신갈나무림 그리고 아까시나무림에서 2008년 1월부터 2009년 12월까지의 월별 낙엽생산량과 토양의 유기탄소량을 조사하였다. 소나무림은 2008년과 2009년 모두 10월에 낙엽생산량이 가장 많았으며, 2008년 1월과 2009년 12월에 낙엽생산량이 가장 적었다. 신갈나무림은 2008년과 2009년 모두 11월에 낙엽생산량이 가장 많았으며, 2월에 낙엽생산량이 가장 적었다. 아까시나무림은 2008년 11월과 2009년 10월에 낙엽생산량이 가장 많았으며, 2008년 1월과 2009년 12월에 낙엽생산량이 가장 적었다. 이것은 한반도 중부에서 상록성의 소나무림이 낙엽성의 참나무숲 보다 더 일찍 낙엽이 진다는 것을 의미한다. 소나무림과 신갈나무림, 아까시나무림의 2년 평균의 낙엽생산량은 7.07, 6.36, 5.02 ton ha-1로 소나무가 가장 많았다. 소나무림과 신갈나무림, 아까시나무림의 2년 평균의 토양유기탄소량은 76.2, 68.6, 72.5 ton C ha-1로 소나무림에서 가장 많았다. 이처럼 소나무숲에서 높게 나타난 것은 남산에서 신갈나무나 아까시나무를 벌목하여 임목밀도가 줄었기 때문이다. The objective of this study was to estimate dynamics of litter production and soil organic carbon of Pinus densiflora forest, Quercus mongolica forest, and Rhobina pseudo-acasia forest at Mt. Nam as a part of Korea National Long-Term Ecological Research (KNLTER) from 2008 to 2009. Litter production of P. densiflora forest was the highest in October 2008, 2009 and the lowest in January 2008 and December 2009. Litter production of Q. mongolica forest was the highest in November and the lowest in February in 2008 and 2009. Litter production of R. pseudo-acacia forest was the highest in November in 2008 and October in 2009 and the lowest in January in 2008 and December in 2009. It means that leaves of P. densiflora forest shed earlier than deciduous oak forests in Korean central region. An average of litter production for 2 years was 7.07, 6.36, 4.66 ton ha-1 in P. densiflora forest, Q. mongolica forest, R. psuedo-acacia forest, respectively. An average of soil organic carbon matter for 2 years was 88.3, 76.5, 84.2 ton ha-1 in P. densiflora forest, Q. mongolica forest, R. psuedo-acacia forest, respectively.

냉동 후막 성형에 의한 다공성 Al₂O₃ 필름 제조

신란희,구준모,김영도,한윤수,Shin, Ran-Hee,Koo, Jun-Mo,Kim, Young-Do,Han, Yoon-Soo 한국분말야금학회 2015 한국분말재료학회지 (KPMI) Vol.22 No.6

Porous thick film of alumina which is fabricated by freeze tape casting using a camphene-camphor-acrylate vehicle. Alumina slurry is mixed above the melting point of the camphene-camphor solvent. Upon cooling, the camphene-camphor crystallizes from the solution as particle-free dendrites, with the $Al_2O_3$ powder and acrylate liquid in the interdendritic spaces. Subsequently, the acrylate liquid is solidified by photopolymerization to offer mechanical properties for handling. The microstructure of the porous alumina film is characterized for systems with different cooling rate around the melting temperature of camphor-camphene. The structure of the dendritic porosity is compared as a function of ratio of camphene-camphor solvent and acrylate content, and $Al_2O_3$ powder volume fraction in acrylate in terms of the dendrite arm width.

Varietal Variation of Amylogram Properties in the Recombinant Inbred Lines of Milyang23XGihobyeo Based on the Days from Seeding to Heading

Kwak Tae-Soon,Shin Su-Kyo,Bae Hyung-Jin,Kim Mo-Ran,Kim Bo-Young,Jo Young-Jin,Yeo Jun-Hwan 한국작물학회 2006 한국작물학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.2006 No.-

진안군 초등학생의 천식과 알레르기비염의 유병률과 위험 인자

김도수 ( Do Soo Kim ),박미란 ( Mi Ran Park ),유정석 ( Jung Seok Yu ),이호석 ( Ho Suk Lee ),이정현 ( Jung Hyun Lee ),서정민 ( Jung Min Suh ),김지현 ( Ji Hyun Kim ),한영신 ( Young Shin Han ),이상일 ( Sang Il Lee ),안강모 ( Kang Mo A 대한소아알레르기호흡기학회(구 대한소아알레르기 및 호흡기학회) 2012 소아알레르기 및 호흡기학회지 Vol.22 No.4

목 적 : 본 연구는 농촌 지역 초등학생의 천식과 알레르기비염의 유병률을 조사하고 발병에 영향을 미치는 위험 인자를 분석하고자 하였다. 방 법: 2010년 11월에 전형적인 농촌지역인 전라북도 진안군 12개 초등학교 학생을 대상으로 한국어판 ISAAC 설문지를 이용하여 설문조사를 실시하였다. 결 과 : 총 947명의 설문지가 회수되었고 회수율은 89.1%였다. 지난 12개월 동안의 천식과 알레르기비염의 증상 유병률은 각각 7.4%, 28.1%이었고 천식과 알레르기비염의 평생 진단 유병률은 각각 7.2%, 22.2%이었다. 남자, 간접흡연 집안 , 내 곰팡이가 천식 진단의 위험 인자로 분석되었고(adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 2.35, 95% CI 1.30-4.26; aOR 2.49, 95% CI 1.38-4.48; aOR 2.19, 95% CI 1.23-3.89) 부모의 알레르기 질환 병력은 알레르기비염의 위험인자로 분석되었다.(aOR, 4.89; 95% CI, 3.37-7.10) 2명 이상의 형제가 있는 경우에 비해 형제가 없는 경우 알레르기비염의 유병률이 높았으며(aOR, 5.20; 95% CI, 2.38-11.35) 특히 생후 1년 이내에 항생제 사용이 3회 이상인 경우 항생제를 사용하지 않은 경우와 비교했을 때 천식(aOR, 8.45; 95% CI, 4.23-16.59)과 알레르기비염(aOR, 2.39; 95% CI, 1.36-4.19)의 유병률이 급격히 증가했었다. 결 론 : 진안군 초등학생에서의 지난 12개월 동안의 천식과 알레르기비염의 증상 유병률은 각각 7.4%, 28.1%이었고 천식과 알레르기비염의 평생 진단 유병률은 각각 7.2%, 22.2%이었다. 위험 인자를 분석한 결과 간접 흡연, 집안 내 곰팡이, 영아기 동안의 항생제 투여, 형제의 수와 같은 환경요소가 천식 혹은 알레르기비염의 유병률과 연관성이 있었다. Purpose : The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence and risk factors associated with asthma and allergic rhinitis in rural elementary school children. Methods : Children in 12 elementary schools in Jinan-gun, Jeollabuk-do, a typical rural area in Korea, were enrolled. We conducted cross-sectional survey using a Korean version of International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) questionnaire. Results : A total of 947 questionnaires out of 1,062 were completed and the response rate was 89.1%. The symptom prevalence of asthma and allergic rhinitis (AR) in the last 12 months was 7.4% and 28.1%. The prevalence of physician-diagnosed asthma and AR was 7.2% and 22.2%. Male, passive smoking, visible mold at home, and use of antibiotics during infancy more than 3 times were associated with higher prevalence of asthma diagnosis (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 2.35, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.30 to 4.26; aOR 2.49, 95% CI 1.38 to 4.48; aOR 2.19, 95% CI 1.23 to 3.89; and aOR 8.45, 95% CI 4.23 to 16.59). Parental history of allergic diseases, children without siblings, use of antibiotics during infancy more than 3 times were associated with higher prevalence of AR (aOR 4.89, 95% CI 3.37 to 7.10; aOR 5.20, 95% CI 2.38 to 11.35; and aOR 2.39, 95% CI 1.36 to 4.19). Conclusion : In Jinan-gun, the symptom prevalence of asthma and AR in the last 12 months was 7.4% and 28.1%. The environmental factors such as passive smoking, visible mold at home, use of antibiotics during infancy and number of siblings are associated with asthma and allergic rhinitis. [Pediatr Allergy Respir Dis(Korea) 2012;22:374-382]

Long-Term Clinical Outcomes of Korean Patient With Crohn`s Disease Following Early Use of Infliximab

( Nam Hee Kim ),( Yoon Suk Jung ),( Chang Mo Moon ),( Shin Yeong Lee ),( Eun Ran Kim ),( Young Ho Kim ),( Chang Kyun Lee ),( Suck Ho Lee ),( Jae Hak Kim ),( Kyu Chan Huh ),( Soon Man Yoon ),( Hyun Joo 대한장연구학회 2014 Intestinal Research Vol.12 No.4

Background/Aims: Several recent studies have reported that the early use of infliximab (IFX) improves the prognosis of Crohn`s disease (CD). However, no data are available from Asian populations, as the forementioned studies have all been conducted in Western countries. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the impact of early use of IFX on the prognosis of Korean patients with CD. Methods: Patients with a diagnosis of CD established between July 1987 and January 2012 were investigated in 12 university hospitals in Korea. Because insurance coverage for IFX treatment began in August 2005, patients were assigned to either of 2 groups based on diagnosis date. The first group included patients diagnosed from July 1987 to December 2005, and the second from January 2006 to January 2012. We compared the cumulative probabilities of operation and reoperation between the two groups using the Kaplan-Meier method and a log-rank test. Results: Of the 721 patients investigated, 443 (61.4%) comprized the second group. Although the cumulative probabilities of immunosuppressant (P<0.001) and IFX use (P<0.001) after diagnosis were significantly higher in the second group, there were no significant differences in cumulative probabilities of operation (P=0.905) or reoperation (P=0.418) between two groups. Conclusions: The early use of IFX did not reduce CD-related surgery requirements in Korean patients with CD. These study results suggest that the early use of IFX may have little impact on the clinical outcome of CD in Korean patients in the setting of a conventional step-up algorithm. (Intest Res 2014;12:281-286)