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The Present and Future in the Study of Animal Feeds and Nutrition
Milligan, L.P. 건국대학교 동물자원연구센터 1990 국제 심포지움 Vol.- No.1
동물산업의 발전을 위한 장기적인 목표는 적절한 영양소 공급에 의한 가축의 생산성과 이를 예측할 수 있는 모델의 개발, 사료자원의 최대활용과 축산물의 품질, 그리고 가축의 유전능력, 대사조절 및 면역반응에 따른 생리적 변화를 규명할 수 있는 체계를 확립하여야 한다. 그리고 사료자원에 따른 정확한 영양소 이용율 평가와 각종 영양소 공급에 따라 가축의 체내 대사과정과 생산성을 예측하는 연구가 요구된다.
Michael A. Milligan,김기승(Gi Seung Kim) 한국아시아학회 2012 아시아연구 Vol.15 No.1
본 연구는 어린이 교육에 있어 남자인가 여자인가 하는 것이 어떠한 영향을 미치는가를 Tadzhikistan의 경우를 대상으로 분석한다. 연구에 사용된 자료는 세계은행(Wrold Bank)에서 발표하는 Living Standards Measurement Study (LSMS)이고 전국의 지역분포를 고려한 1,500가구를 포함하고 있다. 주요 연구결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 나이, 개인 및 가구의 특성 등의 변수를 통제한상태에서 여성진학률이 남성진학률에 비해 떨어지는 편이가 발생하였다. 대학교육을 제외하고는 교육지출면에서는 남성과 여성의 차이가 크지는 않았다. 물론차이는 통계적으로 유의하게 나타났다. 교육에 있어 남성과 여성간의 편의는 Tadzhikistan 사회에 존재하는 남성과 여성의 역할에 대한 편견 때문에 발생한 것으로 판단된다. We analyze the effects of child gender on child education outcomes in Tajikistan using data from the Living Standards Measurement Study. The sample includes more than 1,500 households and is from a distribution representative of Tajikistan at the national, regional, and rural/urban level. The data shows bias against female students in student enrollment rates when controlling for age and other individual and household characteristics. There is little evidence of gender bias in household education expenditure except at the university level, where bias against females is significant. Further analysis indicates that these biases may result from different perceptions of the roles of males and females in Tajik society.
Microstructure-Properties Relationships of Ti-6Al-4V Parts Fabricated by Selective Laser Melting
Justin Mezzetta,Joon-Phil Choi,Jason Milligan,Jason Danovitch,Nejib Chekir,Alexandre Bois-Brochu,Yaoyao Fiona Zhao,Mathieu Brochu 한국정밀공학회 2018 International Journal of Precision Engineering and Vol.5 No.5
This work investigates the relationships between the static mechanical properties of Ti-6Al-4V manufactured through selective laser melting (SLM) and post-process heat treatments, namely stress relieve, annealing and hot isostatic pressing (HIP). In particular, Ti-6Al-4V parts were fabricated in three different build orientations of X, Z, and 45o to investigate the multi-directional mechanical properties. The results showed that fully densified Ti-6Al-4V parts with densities of up to 99.5% were obtained with optimized SLM parameters. The microstructure of stress relieved and mill annealed samples was dominated by fine α′ martensitic needles. After HIP treatment, the martensite structure was fully transformed into α and β phases (α+β lamellar). Within the realm of tensile properties, the yield and ultimate strength values were found statistically similar with respect to the built orientation for a given heat treatment. However, the ductility was found orientation dependent for the HIP samples, where a lower value was observed for samples built in the X direction.
Heleen van Haalen,James Sloand,Rebecca Moon,Eirini Palaka,Gary Milligan,Alaster Allum,James Jackson 대한신장학회 2020 Kidney Research and Clinical Practice Vol.39 No.3
Background: We explored the association of anemia severity in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and anemia treatment with work productivity in China. Methods: Cross-sectional survey data from Chinese physicians and their CKD patients were collected in 2015. Physicians recorded demographics, disease characteristics, and treatment. Patients completed the Work Productivity and Activity Impairment questionnaire. Data were stratified by dialysis-dependence, hemoglobin (Hb) level, and anemia treatment. Results: Based on data from 1,052 patients (704 non-dialysis-dependent [NDD] and 348 dialysis-dependent [DD] patients), prescribed anemia treatment differed significantly across Hb levels (P < 0.001). In NDD patients, anemia treatment also differed significantly by on-treatment Hb level (P < 0.001). In treated NDD patients with Hb < 10 g/ dL, Hb 10 to 12 g/dL, and Hb > 12 g/dL, 31%, 59%, and 38% of patients, respectively, were prescribed oral iron, and 34%, 19%, and 0% of patients, respectively, were prescribed oral iron with erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESA). NDD patients were less likely to be prescribed any anemia treatment, and ESA specifically, than DD patients. When treated, 67% and 45% of NDD and DD patients, respectively, had Hb ≥ 10 g/dL (P < 0.001). Overall work and activity impairment differed significantly across Hb levels in NDD and DD patients, with the least impairment observed at the highest Hb level. Conclusion: Approximately 40% of NDD patients and 60% of DD patients receiving anemia treatment had Hb < 10 g/ dL. Compared with mild anemia patients, severe anemia patients were more likely to be treated for anemia and have impaired work productivity. Chinese CKD patients could benefit from improved anemia treatment.
A Single-Dose Resveratrol Treatment in a Mouse Model of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
Chad D. Marker,김은국,David J. Gifondorwa,Martin K. Childers,Carol E. Milligan 한국식품영양과학회 2010 Journal of medicinal food Vol.13 No.5
The underlying causes of denervation of the neuromuscular junction and eventual motor neuron death in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) have not been resolved. The superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1)G93A mutant mouse is a frequently used animal model of ALS. We hypothesized that resveratrol (RSV), a polyphenolic molecule that enhances mammalian NAD+-dependent SIRT1 deacetylases and may increase life span, would improve motor function and survival in the SOD1 mouse model via modulation of p53 acetylation. Data were collected for mean survival times, neuromuscular performance on the ROTOR-ROD™ (San Diego Instruments, San Diego, CA, USA), body weight, and p53 acetylation. Mean survival times were not statistically different (P=.23) between control and experimental (RSV-fed) groups (mean±SD, control [n=11] 138±6 days vs. experimental [n=10] 135±8 days). Performance was not significantly different between groups at time points corresponding to 50%, 80%, and 90% mean life span (P=.46), nor did RSV treatment attenuate body weight loss. Thus although manipulation of SIRT1 deacetylase activity has effects at the protein level in healthy aging organisms, we conclude that RSV treatment does not lead to functional improvement or increased longevity in a mouse model of ALS. We speculate that RSV-mediated modulation of p53 acetylation is either incapable of increasing or insufficient to increase motor performance and longevity in this model of ALS.
( Eungeol Sim ),( Chizoba Nwankwo ),( Bruce Bacon ),( Michael P. Curry ),( Douglas T. Dieterich ),( Steven L. Flamm ),( Kris V. Kowdley ),( Scott Milligan ),( Naoky C. Tsai ),( Zobair M. Younossi ),( 대한간학회 2018 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2018 No.1
Aims: Lengthening treatment with elbasvir/grazoprevir (EBR/ GZR) to 16 weeks and/or adding ribavirin (RBV) is recommended for select patients with HCV GT1 infection. However, realworld data (J Hepatol 2017;66:S295) suggest that utilization of this regimen is low. This study examined the use of 12- and 16- week EBR/GZR ±RBV regimens in different patient subgroups. Methods: Data were collected from providers and specialty pharmacies through Trio Health’s disease management program. Patients (n=442) with HCV GT1 infection who initiated EBR/GZR therapy between Jan 28, 2016 (FDA approval) to Dec 31, 2016 were included. Results: 401 (91%) patients received EBR/GZR for 12 weeks, 12 (3%) received EBR/GZR+RBV for 12 weeks, 11 (2%) received EBR/GZR for 16 weeks, and 18 (4%) received EBR/GZR+RBV for 16 weeks. Possible baseline NS5A resistance was identified in 13/285 patients with GT1a infection: 3 (23%) received EBR/ GZR for 12 weeks, 1 (8%) received EBR/GZR+RBV for 12 weeks, 2 (15%) received EBR/GZR for 16 weeks, and 7 (54%) received EBR/GZR+RBV for 16 weeks. Across all patients, the +RBV subgroup had a higher proportion of treatment-experienced patients (43%, 13/30) than the -RBV group (17%, 69/412); and the 16-week subgroup had a higher proportion of GT1A subtype (93%, 27/29) than the 12-week group (62%, 258/413). Other characteristics including gender, age, baseline viral load, and cirrhosis were similar between regimens and between groups defined by RBV addition or therapy duration. SVR12 results at time of abstract submission were available for 262/442 patients. Overall per protocol (PP) SVR12 was 97% (253/262). Across GT1 subgroups (defined by subtype, prior treatment experience, and fibrosis) that received EBR/GZR for 12 weeks without RBV, the PP SVR12 was ≥94% (TABLE). Conclusions: In real-world practice, EBR/GZR was highly effective, with the majority of patients treated for 12 weeks without RBV. Full SVR12 data will be presented at the conference.