Investigation of Immune Biomarkers Using Subcutaneous Model of M. tuberculosis Infection in BALB/c Mice: A Preliminary Report

Husain, Aliabbas A.,Daginawala, Hatim F.,Warke, Shubangi R.,Kalorey, Devanand R.,Kurkure, Nitin V.,Purohit, Hemant J.,Taori, Girdhar M.,Kashyap, Rajpal S. The Korean Association of Immunobiologists 2015 Immune Network Vol.15 No.2

Evaluation and screening of vaccines against tuberculosis depends on development of proper cost effective disease models along with identification of different immune markers that can be used as surrogate endpoints of protection in preclinical and clinical studies. The objective of the present study was therefore evaluation of subcutaneous model of M.tuberculosis infection along with investigation of different immune biomarkers of tuberculosis infection in BALB/c mice. Groups of mice were infected subcutaneously with two different doses : high ($2{\times}10^6CFU$) and low doses ($2{\times}10^2CFU$) of M.tuberculosis and immune markers including humoral and cellular markers were evaluated 30 days post M.tuberculosis infections. Based on results, we found that high dose of subcutaneous infection produced chronic disease with significant (p<0.001) production of immune markers of infection like $IFN{\gamma}$, heat shock antigens (65, 71) and antibody titres against panel of M.tuberculosis antigens (ESAT-6, CFP-10, Ag85B, 45kDa, GroES, Hsp-16) all of which correlated with high bacterial burden in lungs and spleen. To conclude high dose of subcutaneous infection produces chronic TB infection in mice and can be used as convenient alternative to aerosol models in resource limited settings. Moreover assessment of immune markers namely mycobacterial antigens and antibodies can provide us valuable insights on modulation of immune response post infection. However further investigations along with optimization of study protocols are needed to justify the outcome of present study and establish such markers as surrogate endpoints of vaccine protection in preclinical and clinical studies in future.

Investigation of Immune Biomarkers Using Subcutaneous Model of M. tuberculosis Infection in BALB/c Mice: A Preliminary Report

Aliabbas A. Husain,Hatim F. Daginawala,Shubangi R Warke,Devanand R Kalorey,Nitin V. Kurkure,Hemant J Purohit,Girdhar M Taori,Rajpal S Kashyap 대한면역학회 2015 Immune Network Vol.15 No.2

Evaluation and screening of vaccines against tuberculosis depends on development of proper cost effective disease models along with identification of different immune markers that can be used as surrogate endpoints of protection in preclinical and clinical studies. The objective of the present study was therefore evaluation of subcutaneous model of M.tuberculosis infection along with investigation of different immune biomarkers of tuberculosis infection in BALB/c mice. Groups of mice were infected subcutaneously with two different doses : high (2×106 CFU) and low doses (2×102 CFU) of M.tuberculosis and immune markers including humoral and cellular markers were evaluated 30 days post M.tuberculosis infections. Based on results, we found that high dose of subcutaneous infection produced chronic disease with significant (p<0.001) production of immune markers of infection like IFNγ, heat shock antigens (65, 71) and antibody titres against panel of M.tuberculosis antigens (ESAT-6, CFP-10, Ag85B, 45kDa, GroES, Hsp-16) all of which correlated with high bacterial burden in lungs and spleen. To conclude high dose of subcutaneous infection produces chronic TB infection in mice and can be used as convenient alternative to aerosol models in resource limited settings. Moreover assessment of immune markers namely mycobacterial antigens and antibodies can provide us valuable insights on modulation of immune response post infection. However further investigations along with optimization of study protocols are needed to justify the outcome of present study and establish such markers as surrogate endpoints of vaccine protection in preclinical and clinical studies in future.

Effect of Genetic and Non-Genetic Factors Other Then Disease on Kid Survivability in Goat

Miah, S. G.,Husain, M. S.,Hoque, D. A.,Baik, D. H. 한국동물자원과학회 2002 한국축산학회지 Vol.44 No.3

이 연구는 벵갈 종과 그 교잡종 산양의 번식에 있어서 생시부터 90일령 까지의 생존율에 영향을 미치는 유전적 및 비 유전적인 요인을 규명하기 위하여 수행되었다. 분석에 이용된 모델은 지역, 교배조합, 자양의 성, 출생시 산자형태(1두, 2두, 3두 및 4두), 출생계절(여름 3월∼6월; 우기 7월∼10월; 및 겨울 11월∼2월), 출생연도와 2요인 상호작용의 효과를 포함하였다. 교잡종에 비하여 순종의 생존율은 31일령과 90일령 사이에 현저히 낮은 것으로 유의성(p<0.05)을 나타냈다. 생존율에 대한 지역의 효과는 16∼60일령 기간을 제외하고는 통계적으로 유의적인 차이를 보이지 않았다. 생존율에 대한 성의 효과는 초기 0∼7일령의 기간을 제외하고는 모두 통계적 유의성이 인정되었다. 생존율은 여름에 출생한 것이 가장 높았고 겨울과 우기(rainy season)의 순서로 나타났다. 16일령부터 60일령 사이의 자양의 생존율은 어미의 비유량에 의하여 영향을 받는 것으로 (p<0.05) 나타났고, 400∼600g/day 의 비유량인 경우에 생존율이 가장 높았던 반면 비유량이 80∼200g/day인 어미의 자양이 가장 낮은 생존율을 보였다. 생시체중은 90일령 까지의 모든 성장단계에서 자양의 생존율에 영향을 미치는 주요 요인이었다. 생존율은 모양의 비유량과 그리고 자양의 생시체중과 정의 상관관계를 보였다. 성과 생산지역간 (p<0.01) 또는 성과 출생시 산자형태간(p<0.05)의 상호작용은 통계적 유의성이 있었던 반면에 성과 유전적 그룹간의 상호작용은 유의성이 없었다. This experiment was conducted to investigate the genetic and non-genetic factors affecting kid survivability in goats from birth to 90 days of age. The purebreds had lower survivability than the crossbreds, with significant (p<0.05) difference amongst themselvess for the age of 31 to 90 days. The locational effect on survivability was insignificant for all the periods except 16 to 60 days (p<0.05) of age. The sex and birth type also had significant (p<0.05) effect on survivability for all the periods except 0 to 7 days of age. The survivability was found to be significantly (p<0.05) higher for kids born in summer season followed by those born in winter and rainy season. Milk produced by the does were significantly (p<0.05) affected on the survivability of kids during the period from 16 to 60 days of age. The survivability of kids were highest and lowest having milk yield of doe found to be 400∼600 g/day and 80∼200 g/day, respectively. Birth weight had significant (p<0.05) effect on survivability for all the stages of growth up to 90 days of age. Survivability was positively correlated with does' milk yield as well as kids birth weight. Interactions of sex with location or birth type were significant (p<0.01 and p<0.05, respectively) though interaction between sex and genetic group was insignificant.

Determination of Normal Saturated- and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in the River Water of Bangladesh by Liquid-Liquid Extraction and Gas Chromatography

Mottaleb, M.A.,Sarma, D.K.,Sultana, S.,Husain, M.M.,Alam, S.M.M.,Salehuddin, S.M. Korean Chemical Society 2003 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.24 No.1

A liquid-liquid extraction followed by evaporative concentration method was used to determine the concentration of normal, or straight chain, saturated hydrocarbons (NSH) $(C_{10}\;to\;C_{24})$ and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) here defined as: fluorene, anthracene, pyrene, chrysene and perylene, in the Buriganga River water of Bangladesh. Samples were collected from 5 and 25 cm depth of water at the southern, middle and northern parts of the river at Postogolla, Sadarghat and Sowarighat stations. Hydrocarbons were extracted from 450 mL of water into 75 mL n-hexane and then concentrated into 1 or 2 mL solution by evaporation. These solutions were analyzed by gas chromatography. The highest and lowest concentrations were determined as $257\;{\mu}gL^{-1}\;for\;C_{13}\;and \;0.24\;{\mu}g\;L^{-1}\;for\;C_{22}$ at 5 ㎝ depth of water, at the northern part of the Sowarighat and southern part of the Postogolla, respectively. This method could allow the analysis of water for $C_{22}$ as low as $0.24\;{\mu}g\;L^{-1}$.

Study of density of localized states in a-Ga x Se100-x alloysusing SCLC measurements

M. Husain,Shagufta B. Husain,M. Zulfequar,M.A. Majeed Khan 한국물리학회 2004 Current Applied Physics Vol.4 No.5

DC conductivity measurements have been made as a function of temperature and electric eld on a-GaxSe100-x (0≤x≤10)samples, in order to study the eect of the electric eld and temperature on the conduction mechanism. The present paper reports themeasurements on space charge limited conduction (SCLC) in vacuum evaporated amorphous thin lms of a-GaxSe100-x where 0≤x≤10. At high fields (~10⁴V/cm), the current could be tted to the theory of space charge limited conduction, in case ofuniform distribution of localized states in the mobility gap of these materials. The addition of Gallium (Ga) in a-GaxSe100-x results in an increase in the density of localized states and hence an increase in conductivity.

Investigation of Structural, Optical and Electrical Transport Properties of Yttrium Doped La0.7Ca0.3MnO3 Perovskites

M. Arshad,M. Abushad,Shahid Husain,Wasi Khan 대한금속·재료학회 2020 ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LETTERS Vol.16 No.4

In the present study, bulk samples of yttrium doped La0.7−xYxCa0.3MnO3 (x = 0.3 and 0.4) are prepared through solid-state reaction route. The structural, optical and electrical transport properties have been explored through various analytical techniques. The x-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns affirm single phase and polycrystalline nature of the samples. Rietveld refinement analysis of the XRD data is used to determine the various structural parameters. It reveals that both the samples belong to orthorhombic crystal system with Pnma space group. Using Scherrer’s equation, a lower value of crystallite size is found in the higher concentration of yttrium doped sample. The band gap as determined from the UV–visible DRS data by employing the Tauc’s relation is found to enhance with the increase of yttrium concentration in La0.7Ca0.3MnO3. The low temperature resistivity measurements establish semiconducting nature of the samples over the temperature range of ~ 110–300 K. Moreover, the electrical resistivity data are interpreted within the variable range hopping (VRH) model to estimate the density of states at the Fermi level N(EF), mean hopping distance Rh(T) and hopping energy Eh(T). It is observed that the electrical quantities vary gradually with the change of Y content. The conduction mechanism in this system is governed in the framework of thermally activated small polaron hopping (SPH) model and accordingly various parameters namely Debye temperature (θD), activation energy (Ep) and optical phonon frequency (νph) are evaluated. The obtained results support a strong connection between structure and electrical behavior in our samples and can be elucidated on the basis of localization of charge carriers induced by the substituting ions.

Determination of Normal Saturated- and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbonsin the River Water of Bangladesh by Liquid-Liquid Extractionand Gas Chromatography

M.A.Mottaleb,D. K. Sarma,S. Sultana,S. M. Salehuddin,M. M. Husain 대한화학회 2003 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.24 No.1

Electrical conduction mechanism in amorphous Se80In20-xPbx films

M.A.MajeedKhan,M.Zulfequar,M.Husain 한국물리학회 2002 Current Applied Physics Vol.2 No.5

DC conductivity measurements on thin lms ofa-Se80In20. xPbx (wherex ¼ 0, 2, 6 and 10) are reported in the temperature range200400 K. The density ofstates near the Fermi level is calculated using the DC conductivity (Mott parameters). The conduction inthe low-temperature region is found to be due to variable range hopping while that in the high-temperature region is due tothermally assisted tunneling ofthe carriers in the localized states near the band edge.. 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

Characterization of CdSex Te1-x sintered films

M.Husain,L.M.Sharma,T.P.Sharma,Monika Sharma,Sushil Kumar 한국물리학회 2004 Current Applied Physics Vol.4 No.5

CdSexTe1-x is a promising ternary material which has received considerable attention due to its applications in the fabrication oflarge area economic solar cell, semiconductor-metal Schottky barrier cell, etc. This material possesses various advantages, princi-pally the high absorption coecient, optimum band gap and chemical stability, which make it attractive for this kind of devices.CdSexTe1. x lms with variable concentration (x ¼ 0 to 1) have been deposited onto ultra clean glass substrates by screen printingand then sintered. The optical, electrical and structural properties of CdSexTe1. x alloys have been studied, which were foundapplicable in photovoltaics. The optical band gap of these lms were determined by reectance measurements in the wavelengthrange of 700880 nm. The modication of band gap of intermixed CdSexTe1. x system has been described and was found suitable forecient absorption in the visible region of the spectrum. Schottky barrier height and ideality factor for Al/CdTe and Al/CdSejunctions were determined by currentvoltage characteristics. X-ray diraction patterns of these lms were reported. The lms wereof polycrystalline texture over the whole range studied and exhibit predominant cubic zinc blende structure. Sintering is very simpleand viable compared to other costly methods. It is a technique less time-consuming, of maximum material utility and less pollutantand oers a suitable method for preparing lms on large area substrares.

Orthogonally blocked mixture component–amount designs via projections of F-squares

M. L. AGGARWAL,Poonam Singh,Vandana Sarin,Bushra Husain 한국통계학회 2012 Journal of the Korean Statistical Society Vol.41 No.1

Orthogonal block designs for Scheffé’s quadratic model have been considered previously by Draper et al. (1993), John (1984), Lewis et al. (1994) and Prescott, Draper, Dean, and Lewis (1993). Prescott and Draper (2004) obtained mixture component–amount designs via projections of standard mixture designs, viz., the simplex-lattice, the simplex-centroid and the orthogonally blocked mixture designs based on latin squares. Aggarwal, Singh,Sarin, and Husain (2009) considered the case of components assuming equal volume fractions and obtained mixture designs in orthogonal blocks using F-squares. In this paper,we construct orthogonal blocks of two and three mixture component–amount blends by projecting the class of four component mixture designs presented by Aggarwal et al. (2009).