Effect of feeding a diet comprised of various corn silages inclusion with peanut vine or wheat straw on performance, digestion, serum parameters and meat nutrients in finishing beef cattle

Zhang Hongrui,Zhang Liyang,Xue Xiao,Zhang Xiaoxia,Wang Hongyi,Gao Tengyun,Phillips Clive 아세아·태평양축산학회 2022 Animal Bioscience Vol.35 No.1

Objective: The objective of this study was to compare the feeding value, meat nutrients and associative effects of a diet comprised of various corn silages inclusion with peanut vine or wheat straw in finishing beef cattle. Methods: One hundred and eighty Simmental crossbred beef steers were blocked and assigned to the follow treatments: i) whole plant corn silage-based diet (control, WPCS), ii) mixed forages-based diet (replacing a portion of corn silage with wheat straw, WPCSW), iii) corn stalklage-based diet (CS), and iv) sweet corn stalklage-based diet (SCS). Each group consisted of 5 repeated pens with 9 steers/pen. The diets were formulated to be isonitrogenous and isoenergetic with same forage to concentrate ratio. Experimental diets were fed for 90 d. Results: The effective ruminal degradability of dry matter and crude protein were highest for WPCS diet (p<0.05), for neutral detergent fiber was highest in SCS diet (p<0.05). The average daily gain was greater for cattle offered the WPCS diet, intermediate with WPCSW and SCS and lowest with CS (p<0.001). The concentration of non-esterified fatty acid in serum was higher for steers fed with CS and SCS diets than those offered WPCS and WPCSW steers (p<0.001). The treatments did not affect the general nutritional contents and amino acids composition of Longissimus dorsi of steers (p>0.05). Conclusion: The corn silage-based diet exhibited the highest feeding value. The sweet corn stalklage and wheat straw as an alternative to corn silage offered to beef cattle had limited influence on feeding value and meat nutrients. However, the value of a corn stalklage-based diet was relatively poor. To sum up, when the high quality forage resources, such as corn silage, are in short supply, or the growth rate of beef cattle decreases in the later finishing period, the sweet stalklage and wheat straw could be used as a cheaper alternative in feedlot cattle diet without sharp reducing economic benefits. Objective: The objective of this study was to compare the feeding value, meat nutrients and associative effects of a diet comprised of various corn silages inclusion with peanut vine or wheat straw in finishing beef cattle.Methods: One hundred and eighty Simmental crossbred beef steers were blocked and assigned to the follow treatments: i) whole plant corn silage-based diet (control, WPCS), ii) mixed forages-based diet (replacing a portion of corn silage with wheat straw, WPCSW), iii) corn stalklage-based diet (CS), and iv) sweet corn stalklage-based diet (SCS). Each group consisted of 5 repeated pens with 9 steers/pen. The diets were formulated to be isonitrogenous and isoenergetic with same forage to concentrate ratio. Experimental diets were fed for 90 d.Results: The effective ruminal degradability of dry matter and crude protein were highest for WPCS diet (p<0.05), for neutral detergent fiber was highest in SCS diet (p<0.05). The average daily gain was greater for cattle offered the WPCS diet, intermediate with WPCSW and SCS and lowest with CS (p<0.001). The concentration of non-esterified fatty acid in serum was higher for steers fed with CS and SCS diets than those offered WPCS and WPCSW steers (p<0.001). The treatments did not affect the general nutritional contents and amino acids composition of Longissimus dorsi of steers (p>0.05).Conclusion: The corn silage-based diet exhibited the highest feeding value. The sweet corn stalklage and wheat straw as an alternative to corn silage offered to beef cattle had limited influence on feeding value and meat nutrients. However, the value of a corn stalklage-based diet was relatively poor. To sum up, when the high quality forage resources, such as corn silage, are in short supply, or the growth rate of beef cattle decreases in the later finishing period, the sweet stalklage and wheat straw could be used as a cheaper alternative in feedlot cattle diet without sharp reducing economic benefits.

Insights into the evolutionary origin and expansion of the BBX gene family

Yu Liyang,Lyu Zhongrui,Liu Hong,Zhang Guoyun,He Caiyun,Zhang Jianguo 한국식물생명공학회 2022 Plant biotechnology reports Vol.16 No.2

The B-box proteins are a class of zinc finger transcription factors and play important roles in regulating plant growth, devel- opment, and stress response. However, their origin and expansion model in plants have been very vague. In this study, 208 B-box genes were identified in 18 plant species, and phylogenetic analyses divided them into five structure groups. Subse- quently, the sequence analysis including theoretical isoelectric point, instability index, and aliphatic index showed the wide variation of B-box gene in different species. Our multispecies genome-wide analysis reveals that the structure groups III and IV in the plant BBX gene family have the earliest origin (Rhodophyta) and are extensively expanded in land plants, while the other three structure groups (I, II, and V) seem to originate at least in the last common ancestor of land plants. Further- more, whole genome duplication (WGD) was the main driver (28 gene pairs, 65.12%) of the B-box gene family expansion, followed by segmental duplication, which tend to have more introns and are subject to more intense purification selections. We also analyzed the sequence differences between B-box domains to propose a new evolutionary model of B-box domain. These analyses provide new insights for understanding the origin and evolution of the B-box gene family.

Genome-wide analysis of the GRAS gene family exhibited expansion model and functional differentiation in sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.)

Yu Liyang,Zhang Guoyun,Lyu Zhongrui,He Caiyun,Zhang Jianguo 한국식물생명공학회 2021 Plant biotechnology reports Vol.15 No.4

Key message Genome-wide identification of the sea buckthorn GRAS genes and their transcription profiles in dif- ferent organizations. Abstract GRAS proteins comprise a large family of transcription factors that experienced extensive replication, and play important roles in many aspects of growth regulatory and environmental signals. Sea buckthorn is a unique and valuable plant which has tremendous value for medical researching, ecological protection, and providing daily necessities. We iden- tified, characterized, and distinguished duplication models of GRAS transcription factors in sea buckthorn. A systematic whole-genome analysis was performed to identify and characterize the GRAS gene family of sea buckthorn, especially the comparative genome method was used to demonstrate its different duplication models. We identified 62 sea buckthorn GRAS (HrGRAS) genes and renamed based on their respective chromosome distribution. Fifty-nine HrGRASs were classified into nine subgroups and three HrGRASs did not belong to any of the subfamilies according to their phylogenetic features. HrGRAS genes tend to have a representative GRAS domain, few introns, and unevenly distributed on chromosomes. Seg- mental duplication was the main driver of the GRAS gene family expansion, followed by whole-genome duplication (WGD) and tandem duplication, according to the results of comparative genome analysis. GRAS genes involved in duplication expe- rienced strong purifying selection pressure according to the Ka/Ks ratios. The expression profile derived from transcriptome data shows the expression patterns of HrGRAS gene in different tissues and the characterization of differentially expressed genes. This systematic analysis provided a foundation to understand the expansion and potential functions of GRAS genes with an aim of sea buckthorn crop improvement.

A UKF-Based Predictable SVR Learning Controller for Biped Walking

Liyang Wang,Zhi Liu,Chen, C. L. Philip,Yun Zhang,Sukhan Lee,Xin Chen IEEE 2013 IEEE transactions on systems, man, and cybernetics Vol.43 No.6

<P>An unscented Kalman filter (UKF)-based predictable support vector regression (SVR) learning controller is proposed to improve the flexibility of biped walking robots. After estimating the biped states of the next moment using a UKF, an SVR learning controller with the predicted biped states is implemented to ensure the zero moment point (ZMP) stability. Using the predicted biped states, the SVR learning controller can predictably adjust the posture of the trunk timely and properly to adapt to the dynamic posture of the whole body. The flexibility of biped robots is enhanced by the proposed method, which is promising for realizing the stable biped walking in unstructured environments. Simulation and experimental results demonstrate the superiority of the proposed methods.</P>

Support Vector Machine Based Optimal Control for Minimizing Energy Consumption of Biped Walking Motions

Liyang Wang,Zhi Liu,Chun Lung Philip Chen,Yun Zhang,이석한 한국정밀공학회 2012 International Journal of Precision Engineering and Vol. No.

A kind of support vector machine based optimal control (SVM-OC) approach for minimizing energy consumption of biped walking motions is proposed in this work. Different from existing learning controllers, a SVM controller is incorporated into an optimal controller for biped robots, which aims at minimize an energy-related cost function with three constraints of biped walking robots,including the system dynamics in the single support phase, the system dynamics in the impact phase, and the initial state of the biped. The controller is deduced under the condition of small sample sizes for the SVM. Main contributions of this paper include two aspects:First, a SVM-OC problem for minimizing energy consumption of biped walking motions is defined, which provides new clues to design a kind of optimal controller under the condition of unknown system dynamic model and small sample sizes. Secondly, derivation of the proposed SVM-OC problem is provided in detail, and simulation results demonstrate the advantage of the proposed method compared with conventional SVM control methods and neural network (NN) control methods.

Energy-Efficient SVM Learning Control System for Biped Walking Robots

Liyang Wang,Zhi Liu,Chen, C. L. P.,Yun Zhang,Sukhan Lee,Xin Chen IEEE 2013 IEEE transactions on neural networks and learning Vol.24 No.5

<P>An energy-efficient support vector machine (EE-SVM) learning control system considering the energy cost of each training sample of biped dynamic is proposed to realize energy-efficient biped walking. Energy costs of the biped walking samples are calculated. Then the samples are weighed with the inverses of the energy costs. An EE-SVM objective function with energy-related slack variables is proposed, which follows the principle that the sample with the lowest energy consumption is treated as the most important one in the training. That means the samples with lower energy consumption contribute more to the EE-SVM regression function learning, which highly increases the energy efficiency of the biped walking. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.</P>

Genome-wide identification, characterization and expression profile analysis of BBX gene family in Chinese chestnut (Castanea mollissima)

Yu Liyang,Wang Dongsheng,Huang Ruimin,Cao Fei,Guo Chunlei,Zhang Jingzheng 한국식물생명공학회 2024 Plant biotechnology reports Vol.18 No.1

The B-box (BBX) proteins are a class of zinc finger transcription factors and play critical roles in plant development and growth. However, they have not been systematically characterized in Chinese chestnut (Castanea mollissima), an important nut with rich nutrition and high economic value. Here, 18 BBX genes were identified in Chinese chestnut genome and divided into five groups through phylogenetic analysis, with members in the same group containing the same conserved domain organization. The collinearity analysis showed that dispersed duplication played a major role in the expansion of CmBBX gene family inferred to have evolved through purifying selection. Transcriptome analysis and qRT-PCR experiments suggested that CmBBX genes showed different expression patterns in different Chinese chestnut tissues, and revealed some CmBBXs may have potential functions in the development of Chinese chestnut buds, nuts, fertile/abortive ovules. Combined with the analysis of conserved domain, motif, cis-elements, expression level and protein three-dimensional structure, the lack of cis- acting elements related to meristem expression and gibberellin-responsiveness may lead to the no-expression of CmBBX9 in Chinese chestnut. The systematic analysis of Chinese chestnut BBX genes provides a basis for further understanding the characteristics and potential functions of BBX gene family.

Electrostatic spraying of membrane electrode for proton exchange membrane fuel cell

Ruiliang Liu,Wei Zhou,Liyang Wan,Pengyang Zhang,Shuangli Li,Yu Gao,Dongsheng Xu,Congcong Zheng,Mingfeng Shang 한국물리학회 2020 Current Applied Physics Vol.20 No.1

In order to improve the performance of proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC), the optimization of electrostatic spraying of membrane electrode was conducted. The influence of the spraying voltage on morphology, elemental composition of catalyst layer, and performance of the PEMFC were investigated. The results show that increasing spraying voltage could reduce agglomeration of the carbon-supported platinum particles, leading to more uniform pore distribution. High voltage did not accelerate oxidation of platinum catalyst. A high electrochemical active surface area of 26.18m2/gpt was obtained when the platinum-carbon catalyst layer was deposited in cone jet mode. With further increasing spraying voltage, the total ohmic resistance and catalytic activity were changed slightly, whereas the charge transfer resistance was increased. Using the optimized electrostatic spraying parameters (injection rate=100 μL min−1, spraying voltage=8.5 kV, and working distance= 12 mm), a peak power density of 1.408Wcm−2 was obtained with an output voltage of 0.451 V.

High cell density fermentation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae GS2 for selenium-enriched yeast production

Tianwei Tan,Zheng Wang,Liyang Zhang 한국화학공학회 2010 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.27 No.6

This paper describes a fed-batch fermentation protocol about production of selenium-enriched yeast. Saccharomyces cerevisiae GS2 was selected because of its high tolerance to selenium. The strain GS2 was tested and 122±0.5 g·l−1 dry cell weight was obtained after 30 h cultivation through feed back control of feed rate of glucose according to the concentration of ethanol and dissolved oxygen. Furthermore, the optimal pattern of Na2SeO3 addition was 9 mg Na2SeO3 against 1 g DCW at late exponential phase. With the combination of glucose feeding and Na2SeO3 addition,the final dry cell biomass reached 102±0.4 g·l−1 and a Se uptake level of 2,020±13 mg·Kg−1 was achieved in a 5 l fermentor after 38 h cultivation.

Dynamic analysis of the dual-rotor system considering the defect size uncertainty of the inter-shaft bearin

Bowen Tian,Zeyang Yu,Liyang Xie,Yu Zhang 대한기계학회 2022 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.36 No.2

In this paper, the stochastic dynamic analysis of a dual-rotor system with a local defect on the inner raceway of the inter-shaft bearing is presented. The dynamic model of the dual-rotor system is also proposed. The defect size and its uncertainty are considered. The non-intrusive polynomial chaos expansion model is utilized to deal with the uncertainty of the defect size, and the validity of the model is verified. The probability density distribution of vibration displacements for the dual-rotor system is obtained. Results indicate that the mean value (MV) and standard deviation (SD) of the defect edge length have extremely significant effects on the displacement distribution of high-pressure rotor. The coefficients of variation of the displacements along x 2 and φ x directions for high-pressure rotor increase by 6.56 and 7.06 times, respectively. When the MV of the defect edge length increases by three times, 3.46 times, and 3.69 times, its SD increases by five times. The increase of eccentricity has opposite effects on the vibration displacements of high- and low-pressure rotors. The variation of the radial clearance of the inter-shaft bearing has a complex influence on the dual-rotor system. As the radial clearance increases, the displacement dispersion of the low-pressure rotor along θ x direction is almost unchanged. However, that along x 1 direction is increased.