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Detection of Powdery Mildew of Bitter Gourd Based on NIR/Fluorescence Spectra
Gao Jia Yu,Wei Dong Zheng,Wang Xiang,Tang Jin Cheng,Xu Ji Tong,Zhao Ping,Ning Xiao Feng 한국농업기계학회 2023 바이오시스템공학 Vol.48 No.3
Purpose Powdery mildew as one of the common vegetable diseases has very rapid infection. Its outbreak will bring about disastrous consequences to vegetable output; thus, it is of key importance to do rapid identifi cation and prevention of powdery mildew. Methods In this test, 100 bitter gourd leaves were collected as research samples, and the data of near-infrared spectra, fl uorescence spectra, and chromatic values L*a*b* , and the classic K-S algorithm was adopted to divide the sample sets; then, the quantitative forecasting and qualitative discrimination models were established. First, Pearson’s correlation analysis was carried out to fi nd the feasibility of taking a * as the modeling parameter, through cross-validation; the quantitative forecasting model was optimized by the PLSR (partial least squares regression) method. The model is also optimized by extracting the spectral feature bands using the continuous projection SPA method. Results The optimization results showed that the MSC + SPA + PLSR quantitative forecasting model of near-infrared spectra could eff ectively improve model precision, which was signifi cantly higher than that of fl uorescence spectra. Classifi cation Leaner was used to establish the quantitative forecasting model. Compared with the model of near-infrared spectra, the SPA + SVM qualitative discrimination model of fl uorescence spectra could improve the identifi cation precision of powdery mildew of bitter gourd as high as 98% through training. Conclusion This study proposed diff erent combination methods based on quantitative forecasting and qualitative discrimination and could provide a method and reference to the identifi cation of powdery mildew of bitter gourd.
The Influence of Managerial Overconfidence on Earnings Management
Gao, Yu(고우),Han, Kil-Seok(한길석) 한국경영교육학회 2018 경영교육연구 Vol.33 No.3
[연구목적] 본 연구의 목적은 2009년부터 2017년까지 코스피 시장과 코스닥 시장에 상장된 기업을 대상으로 경영자의 과신성향이 이익조정에 미치는 영향을 검증하고자 하였다. [연구방법] 본 연구에서 경영자 과신은 자산 성장률을 종속변수로 하고 매출액성장율을 독립변수로 하여 산업-연도별 회귀분석을 수행한 후 잔차를 추출하여 측정하였다. 또한 이익조정측정치는 수정된 Jones모형과 Kothari모형과 Roychowdhury모형과 Cohen모형을 활용하여 각각 추출하였다. 이를 토대로 경영자 과신과 이익조정과의 관계를 분석하였다. [연구결과] 실증분석 결과는 경영자 과신성향이 이익조정에 유의적인 관계를 보이고 있어 경영자 과신성향이 이익조정에 영향을 미치고 있는 것으로 나타났다. [연구의 시사점] 본 연구의 분석결과에서 경영자가 과신성향을 갖는 경우 경영자의 이익조정이 높다는 것을 보임으로써 경영자의 성향은 이익조정에 관한 의사결정에 있어 고려해야 할 요소로 나타났다. 본 연구는 최근 행동경제에 관한 많은 연구가 진행되고 있으나 회계분야의 연구에서는 아직 초기 단계라 할 수 있는 경영자의 비합리적 행동인 경영자 과신과 이익조정과의 관계를 분석하였다는 점에 의의가 있다. [Purpose] The purpose of this study is to investigate the influence of managerial overconfidence on earnings management. [Methodology] We use a measure of managerial overconfidence from investment level-based measure. We measure earnings management four ways including the modified Jones model (Dechow et al., 1995), performance matched discretionary accrual model (Kothrai et al., 2005), Roychowdury model (Roychowdury, 2006) and Cohen model (Cohen et al., 2008). We employ OLS model to test the association between managerial overconfidence and earnings management. [Findings] We find that managerial overconfidence significantly and positively influence accrual earnings management and real earnings management respectively. [Implications] While there are many researches on earnings management motivation we employ behavioral finance research and explore earnings management from the irrational behavior dimension unlike the prior literature.
A Pragmatic Cognitive Oriented-Analysis of Long Conversations in Listening Ccomprehension
Yu-hua Gao 한국영어교육연구학회 2012 영어교육연구 Vol.- No.43
This paper aims to take a tentative pragmatic-cognitive approach to the analysis of long conversations in listening comprehension involved in EFL teaching environment. On the philosophical basis of Experiential Realism, it is intended to integrate Relevance Theory (RT), Adaptation Theory (AT) and the tripartite model of situated discourse analysis proposed by Yue-guo Gu to account for English long conversations. What is worth noting here is that the concept of context defined as psychological or mental construct, which consists of ICM and the general background knowledge, serves as the interface for the synthetic study presented here. Meanwhile, topic, precisely the central discourse topic, serves as a desirable starting point for the data analysis. Moreover, the present study mainly follows Ronald Carter and Michael McCarthy’s (2004) description of the generic organization and speech genres in CANCODE, which stands for ‘Cambridge and Nottingham Corpus of Discourse in English’.Moreover, in this paper, we mainly focus on the dynamic generation of meaning, the dynamic notion of context as well as the integrated progress of linguistic choices and contextualcorrelates. Furthermore, the argumentation is mainly done from the three aspects as follows: goal development analysis, talk exchange development analysis, and interpersonal management analysis. As for the latter, the author will mainly concentrate on strategies involved in goal development and interpersonal management, both of which are realized in talk exchange development. The author highlights such strategies as indirectness, politeness, power, metaphor, topic progression, the activation of ICM and encyclopedia knowledge etc. The major findings of the study are as follows: To start with, it is proved that, in such highly institutionalized social situations as a library, a TV studio, or a workplace, both the speaker and the hearer tend to pursue the institutionalized goals by virtue of the roles they play. Secondly, it is crucial for the students to identify the central discourse topic as well as the topic progression strategies at the initial stage of the on-going process of a particular long conversation. Thirdly, activation of the corresponding ICM and the general background knowledge in a particular conversation can help a lot to bridge the gap caused by the cultural disparity between the students’ cognitive environment and that of the interactants in the target culture. Accordingly, they are able to fill in the information slot and thus successful comprehension will be ensured. Moreover, various strategies are involved in the goal development and interpersonal management, which are goal-oriented and genre-specific. However, some strategies overlap. Furthermore, when status relations, affective involvement, familiarity come into the picture, it makes the matter even worse and far more complicated. The author also explores its implications for EFL teaching from two perspectives: meta-pragmatic awareness and cognitive environment.
Structural transformation, spectroscopic characterization and magnetic properties of La1xGdxCoO3
Yu Gao,Hong Chang,Qiang Wu,P. Suresh Kumar,Meiling Li,Fang Liu,Hongjing Zhu,Yanbo Pang,Yuehou Yun 한국물리학회 2016 Current Applied Physics Vol.16 No.8
La1xGdxCoO3 for x < 0.2 crystallize in the rhombohedral structure, and it is orthorhombic for x 0:2. The lattice volume systematically decreases as x increases. The analysis of the Co 2p3/2 xps spectra indicates that the Co ions are at both þ3 and þ8/3 valence states, and the calculated oxygen content is about 2.93 per formula unit. The bending vibration of the CoeO bond linearly shifts from 429 cm1 to 482 cm1 with the increasing x, and it is coincident with the increasing CoeOeCo angle. The shoulder peak at approximately 575 cm1 becomes obviously wide with the increasing doping Gd3þ content owing to the magnetic interactions of the Gd3þ ions with the surrounding CoO6 octahedra. The energy band gap slightly increases from about 2.40 eV to about 2.75 eV as the structure transforms from the rhombohedral to the orthorhombic structure. The magnetic properties are ferrimagnetic with x ¼ 0.05, 0.3 and 0.7. However, the calculated Curie-Weiss temperature and constant of La0.3Gd0.7CoO3 are not reasonable, it is probably due to a nonlocalized electronic state.
Yu-Shuai Wang,Yin-Ping Jin,Wei Gao,Sheng-Yuan Xiao,Yu-Wei Zhang,Pei-He Zheng,Jia Wang,Jun-Xia Liu,Cheng-He Sun,Ying-Ping Wang 고려인삼학회 2016 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.40 No.3
Background: Ginsenosides are the major effective ingredients responsible for the pharmacological effects of ginseng. Malonyl ginsenosides are natural ginsenosides that contain a malonyl group attached to a glucose unit of the corresponding neutral ginsenosides. Methods: Medium-pressure liquid chromatography and semipreparative high-performance liquid chromatography were used to isolate purified compounds and their structures determined by extensive one-dimensional- and two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) experiments. Results: A new saponin, namely malonyl-ginsenoside Re, was isolated from the fresh flower buds of Panax ginseng, along with malonyl-ginsenosides Rb1, Rb2, Rc, Rd. Some assignments for previously published ¹H- and <SUP>13</SUP>C-NMR spectra were found to be inaccurate. Conclusion: This study reports the complete NMR assignment of malonyl-ginsenoside Re, Rb₁, Rb₂, Rc, and Rd for the first time.