The Element Segregation Between γ/γʹ Phases in a Ni-Based Single Crystal Superalloy Studied by 3D-APT and Its Potential Impact on Local Interfacial Misfit Strain

Wenchao Yang,Pengfei Qu,Ruirong Zhang,Jiarun Qin,Chen Liu,Jun Zhang,Lin Liu 대한금속·재료학회 2021 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.27 No.6

Three-dimensional atom-probe tomography was used to characterize the γ/γʹ interface structure in a third-generation Nibasedsingle crystal superalloy with Re addition. It was found that an element-segregation layer with Re, Co and Cr wasformed in the γ phase close to the γ/γ′ interface, resulting in a more negative local interface misfit (− 0.29%) compared tothe measured result (− 0.16%) from high-resolution X-ray diffraction. Furthermore, the total reduction of interfacial freeenergy due to the solute atom segregation based on the Gibbsian interfacial excess was calculated to indicate that Re elementwas the most beneficial element in producing this more negative local misfit with the largest interfacial free energy reduction(13.67 ± 0.21 mJ/m2). Simultaneously, because of the co-segregation of Re, Co and Cr, and the depletion of Ni in the γphase close to the γ/γ′ interface, it was also deduced that some harmful topologically close-packed phases might be easierto nucleate and grow in the γ phase close to the γ/γ′ interface in service.

WILL STRONG RETAILERS ACQUIRE BETTER PROCUMENT PERFORMANCE?: ANALYSIS BASED ON THE MEDIATING EFFECT OF THE QUALITY OF RETAILER-SUPPLIER RELATIONSHIP

Wenchao Liu,Rupan Sun,Xin Xin,Lihui Sun 글로벌지식마케팅경영학회 2016 Global Marketing Conference Vol.2016 No.7

Due to the continuous development of international retailers in the Chinese market, and the merger and reorganization among Chinese retailers in recent years, the degree of concentration of the Chinese retail industry has been increasing, and the scale of retailers has been expanding. It is suggested by the report China Powers of Retailing 2014 that an increasing number of large-scale retail groups have been formed in the Chinese retail industry. In large and medium-sized cities in China, such large-scale supermarkets as Wal-Mart, Carrefour and RT-Mart have controlled most market shares of food and daily necessities. And large-scale household appliance chains, such as Gome and Suning, have controlled most market shares of home appliance. Due to the advantage of scale and brand of large-scale retailers, these retailers have gradually occupied a leading role in the supply chain, and formed buyer monopoly power and countervailing power. Intuitively speaking, retailers can acquire obvious advantages in procurement activities, no matter it is the buyer monopoly power or countervailing power that is being utilized. And the advantages are beneficial to the improvement of retailers’ procurement performance. However, it is pointed out by a number of scholars’ research that buyer power’s influence on retail enterprises’ performance is quite complicated. Whether buyer power can improve economic efficiency depends on the quality of retailer-supplier relationship. The quality of the relationships between retailers and suppliers exerts direct influence on the stability, durability and equity of the trade. In the long term, the reinforcement of buyer power will probably exert adverse influence on the suppliers and retailers. By imposing influence on suppliers with buyer power, retailers will cause twisted competition and prifit shrinkage to suppliers in the upstream market. As a result, the quantity of suppliers will be decreased, which will be disadvantageous to the selection of retailers and affect retailers’ utilization of their negotiating advantage. In the meanwhile, by imposing special prices and discounts, collecting extra charges and signing exclusive agreement with suppliers, retailers will lead to suppliers’ impaired benefit. It will further affect the quality of the retailer-supplierrelationship and ultimately exert adverse influence on both parties’ long-term earnings. In the existing research, few scholars have thoroughly discussed the influence of retailers’ buyer power on the quality of retailer-supplier relationship and retail enterprises’ procurement performance. In addition, different conclusions exist in the analysis of the relationships among the three factors, or between two of them. In order to empirically test the influence of retailers’ buyer power on the quality of retailer-supplier relationship and retail enterprises’ procurement performance, we established the theoretical model of this study in figure 1. The research will help us to cognize the influence of retailers’ buyer power more reasonably, and guide retailers better utilize buyer power, an attempt is made to explore the following questions in this research: 1. Does direct positive influence exist between large-scale retailers’ buyer power and retailers’ procurement performance? 2. Are there any differences in the influence of different types of retailers’ buyer power on retailers’ procurement performance? 3. What influence will large-scale retailers’ buyer power exert on the quality of retailer-supplier relationship? 4. When the quality of retailer-supplier relationship is brought in as a mediating variable, what influence will large-scale retailers’ buyer power exert on retailers’ procurement performance? From the perspective of the relationships among channel members, large-scale retailers in the Chinese market, such as Wal-Mart, Carrefour, RT-Mart, OUYA Supermarket and Vanguard, as well as suppliers of their products are taken as the object of the research. Methods like interview, pre-survey and official survery with questionnaire are adopted to verify different hypotheses in the research. During the indepth interview, twelve respondents are invited respectively to the interview. Seven of them are in charge of large-scale retailers’ procurement, and five of them are salespersons of manufacturers, who supply products to retailers. It can be seen from the result of the interview that the twelve respondents hold different opinions towards the relationships among large-scale retailers’ buyer power, the quality of retailer-supplier relationship and retailers’ procurement performance. In terms of the influence of large-scale retailers’ buyer power on retailers’ procurement performance, some believe that there’s positive influence, some believe there’s negative influence, and some believe the influence should be respectively analyzed according to the degree of buyer power. In terms of the influence of large-scale retailers’ buyer power on the quality of retailer-supplier relationship, some believe large-scale retailers’ buyer power exerts positive influence on the quality of retailer-supplier relationship, some believe it exerts negative influence, and some believe the influence depends on specific circumstances. During the pre-survey with questionnaire, scales of retailers’ buyer power, the quality of retailer-supplier relationship and retailers’ procurement performance are developed on the basis of theoretical overview and interview research. Specifically speaking, the scale of retailers’ buyer power is constituted of two level-1 dimensions (buyer’s monopoly power and countervailing power) and seven level-2 dimensions; the scalerelationship and ultimately exert adverse influence on both parties’ long-term earnings. In the existing research, few scholars have thoroughly discussed the influence of retailers’ buyer power on the quality of retailer-supplier relationship and retail enterprises’ procurement performance. In addition, different conclusions exist in the analysis of the relationships among the three factors, or between two of them. In order to empirically test the influence of retailers’ buyer power on the quality of retailer-supplier relationship and retail enterprises’ procurement performance, we established the theoretical model of this study in figure 1. The research will help us to cognize the influence of retailers’ buyer power more reasonably, and guide retailers better utilize buyer power, an attempt is made to explore the following questions in this research: 1. Does direct positive influence exist between large-scale retailers’ buyer power and retailers’ procurement performance? 2. Are there any differences in the influence of different types of retailers’ buyer power on retailers’ procurement performance? 3. What influence will large-scale retailers’ buyer power exert on the quality of retailer-supplier relationship? 4. When the quality of retailer-supplier relationship is brought in as a mediating variable, what influence will large-scale retailers’ buyer power exert on retailers’ procurement performance? From the perspective of the relationships among channel members, large-scale retailers in the Chinese market, such as Wal-Mart, Carrefour, RT-Mart, OUYA Supermarket and Vanguard, as well as suppliers of their products are taken as the object of the research. Methods like interview, pre-survey and official survery with questionnaire are adopted to verify different hypotheses in the research. During the indepth interview, twelve respondents are invited respectively to the interview. Seven of them are in charge of large-scale retailers’ procurement, and five of them are salespersons of manufacturers, who supply products to retailers. It can be seen from the result of the interview that the twelve respondents hold different opinions towards the relationships among large-scale retailers’ buyer power, the quality of retailer-supplier relationship and retailers’ procurement performance. In terms of the influence of large-scale retailers’ buyer power on retailers’ procurement performance, some believe that there’s positive influence, some believe there’s negative influence, and some believe the influence should be respectively analyzed according to the degree of buyer power. In terms of the influence of large-scale retailers’ buyer power on the quality of retailer-supplier relationship, some believe large-scale retailers’ buyer power exerts positive influence on the quality of retailer-supplier relationship, some believe it exerts negative influence, and some believe the influence depends on specific circumstances. During the pre-survey with questionnaire, scales of retailers’ buyer power, the quality of retailer-supplier relationship and retailers’ procurement performance are developed on the basis of theoretical overview and interview research. Specifically speaking, the scale of retailers’ buyer power is constituted of two level-1 dimensions (buyer’s monopoly power and countervailing power) and seven level-2 dimensions; the scaleof the quality of retailer-supplier relationship is constituted of three level-1 dimensions (cooperation, adaption and relationship atmosphere); the scale of retailers’ procurement performance is constituted of three level-1 dimensions (cost performance, time performance and quality performance of procurement). The questionnaire pre-survey is specific to retailers’ procurement staff and suppliers’ sales personnel respectively. A total of valid 179 questionnaires are collected, among which, 86 are from retailers’ procurement staff and 93 are from suppliers’ sales personnel. Based on the survey data, SPSS and AMOS software are utilized in the analysis of items, reliability and validity of the different scales. Finally, the factor structure of the scale regarding retailers’ buyer power is adjusted, and the scale regarding retailers’ buyer monolopy power is re-designed specially. During the official survey with questionnaire, questionnaires are handed out to retailers’ procurement staff and suppliers’ sales personnel respectively. A total of 340 valid questionnaires are collected, among which, 178 are from retailers’ procurement staff and 162 are from suppliers’ sales personnel. The samples, which are quite representative, are evenly distributed. Based on the survey data, SPSS and AMOS software are utilized to further analyze the reliability and validity of the different appraisal scales. Finally, the various hypotheses in the research are tested by causual steps of regression analysis with SPSS. After relatively complicated and elaborate statistical analysis, most of the hypotheses are supported, some are partially supported, and only one is not supported. One of the mediating effect analysis results is show in table 1 and figure 2. Based on direct regression analysis, we can get some important results: First of all, the hypothesis that retailers’ buyer power will overally exert positive influence on retailer enterprises’ procurement performance is supported, but the hypothesis that retailers’ buyer monopoly power and countervailing power will exert positive influence on retailer enterprises’ procurement performance is partially supported. Secondly, the hypothesis that retailers’ buyer power will overally exert negative influence on the quality of retailer-supplier relationship is not supported, and the hypothesis that retailers’ buyer monopoly power will exert negative influence on the quality of retailer-supplier relationship and the dimension is partially supported, and the hypothesis that retailers’ buyer countervailing power will exert positive influence on the quality of retailer-supplier relationship and the dimension is supported. Thirdly, the hypothesis that the quality of retailer-supplier relationship, as well as the dimensions (cooperation and relationship atmosphere) will overally exert positive influence on retailer enterprises’ procurement performance is supported, and the hypothesis that the dimension---the adaptation of the quality of retailer-supplier relationship will exert positive influence on retail enterprises’ procurement performance is only partially supported. Based on causual steps of regression analysis for the mediating effect, we can also get some important results: First of all, the relationship quality plays a complete intermediary role between the retailer’s buyer power and the procurement performance. Secondly, the relationship quality plays a complete intermediary role between the r retailers’ buyer monopoly power and the procurement performance. Thirdly, the relationship quality plays a complete intermediary role between the r retailers’ buyer countervailing power and the procurement performance.Some inspirations are achieved from the research. First of all, basically speaking, the direct influence of retailers’ buyer power on retail enterprises’ procurement performance is significantly positive. Secondly, the influence of retailers’ buyer power on the quality of retailer-supplier relationship is relatively complicated. Thirdly, basically speaking, the influence of the quality of retailer-supplier relationship on retail enterprises’ procurement performance is significantly positive. Fourthly, after the quality of retailer-supplier relationship is brought in as a mediating variable, the influence of retailers’ buyer power on retail enterprises’ procurement performance depends on the specific condition of the retailer-supplier relationship.

Dynamics of droplet breakup in unilateral Y-junctions with different angles

Zhaomiao Liu,Chenchen Zhang,Yan Pang,Wenchao Liu,Xiang Wang 한국공업화학회 2022 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.112 No.-

Dynamic behaviors of droplets in asymmetric unilateral Y-junctions are experimentally studied. Threebreakup regimes are categorized, namely no breakup, breakup with gaps and breakup with obstruction,and regime diagrams are constructed by the capillary number and the normalized droplet length. Influences of the bifurcation angle and the viscosity ratio on the two critical conditions between neighboringregimes are revealed. In particular, necking processes in the obstructed breakup regime are discussedand they are divided into three stages according to the evolution of the thinning rate. At thetwo previous stages driven by the two-phase flow, the necking processes show distinct characteristicsunder the influences of four different parameters, including capillary number, droplet length, viscosityratio, and bifurcation angle, and the corresponding reasons are provided in detail. By contrast, the finalpinch-off stage is driven by two different mechanisms depending merely on the physical properties ofliquid systems. The neck collapsing of the low-viscosity droplet is driven by the potential flow while thatof the high-viscosity droplet is driven by the two-fluid Stokes flow. Quantitative relations between theminimum neck width and the remaining time are built in the two situations and are found to coincidewith the theoretical predictions, respectively.

A practical Li-ion full cell with a Li-ion conductor coating cathode and graphite anode: Strong interface stability and superior electrochemical performance

Qin Wenchao,Feng Liwei,Yang Zihao,Liu Jinfeng,Liu Yan 한국물리학회 2021 Current Applied Physics Vol.32 No.-

LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2 (NCM523) was coated by a lithium-ion conductor Li3PO4 layer using a pre-coating treatment and solid state method. The physicochemical characteristics were investigated by XRD, SEM, TEM and XPS. Li3PO4 coating layer maintained the crystal structure of NCM523 cathode. The cathode with 3.0 wt% Li3PO4 coating (P0.03-NCM) exhibited outstanding rate capability (169.3 mAh g 1 at 0.2 C) and cycling retention of 92.23% at 1 C after 150 cycles, whereas the pristine NCM exhibited a capacity retention of only 77.84%. The electrochemical performance of the full-cell (P0.03-NCM as the cathodes and graphite as the anodes) showed high cycle retention of 82.92% after 100 cycles. The Li3PO4 coating layer acted as a physical barrier and alleviated the degradation behaviors of NCM523. This research work provided insights for the commercial application of ternary layered cathodes.

On Extended State Predictor Observer based Active Disturbance Rejection Control for Uncertain Systems with Sensor Delay

Wenchao Xue,Ping Liu,Sen Chen,Yi Huang 제어로봇시스템학회 2016 제어로봇시스템학회 국제학술대회 논문집 Vol.2016 No.10

This paper considers the control problem for a class of sensor delay systems with nonlinear unknown dynamics and external disturbances. The extended state predictor observer (ESPO) based active disturbance rejection control (ADRC) is first proposed to timely estimate and compensate for the “total disturbance” under sensor delay. The timedomain stability of the closed-loop system is rigorously studied by discussing the bound of tracking error between state and its desired trajectory. More importantly, it is proven that the proposed method can greatly improve the existing PO based control in dealing with the “total disturbance” in the low frequency range. Also, the simulation results show the effectiveness of the ESPO based ADRC for tackling several kinds of uncertainties.

Multiple Decoupling Current Control Strategies for LCL Type Grid-Connected Converters Based on Complex Vectors under Low Switching Frequencies

Liu, Haiyuan,Shi, Yang,Guo, Yinan,Wang, Yingjie,Wang, Wenchao The Korean Institute of Power Electronics 2019 JOURNAL OF POWER ELECTRONICS Vol.19 No.4

In medium-voltage and high-voltage high-power converters, the switching devices need to operate at a low switching frequency to reduce power loss and increase the power capacity. This increases the delay of the signal sampling and PWM. It also makes the cross-couplings of the d-q current components more severe. In addition, the LCL filter has three cross-coupling loops and is prone to resonance. In order to solve these problems, this paper establishes a complex vector model of an LCL type grid-connected converter. Based on this model, two multiple decoupling current control strategies with passive damping / notch damping are proposed for the LCL type grid-connected converter. The proposed strategies can effectively eliminate the cross-couplings of the converter, achieve independent control of the d-q current components, expand the stable region and suppress the resonance of the LCL filter. Simulation and experimental results verify the correctness of the theoretical analysis and the feasibility of the proposed strategies.

Multiple Decoupling Current Control Strategies for LCL Type Grid-Connected Converters Based on Complex Vectors under Low Switching Frequencies

Haiyuan Liu,Yang Shi,Yinan Guo,Yingjie Wang,Wenchao Wang 전력전자학회 2019 JOURNAL OF POWER ELECTRONICS Vol.19 No.4

In medium-voltage and high-voltage high-power converters, the switching devices need to operate at a low switching frequency toreduce power loss and increase the power capacity. This increases the delay of the signal sampling and PWM. It also makes thecross-couplings of the d-q current components more severe. In addition, the LCL filter has three cross-coupling loops and is prone toresonance. In order to solve these problems, this paper establishes a complex vector model of an LCL type grid-connected converter. Based on this model, two multiple decoupling current control strategies with passive damping / notch damping are proposed for theLCL type grid-connected converter. The proposed strategies can effectively eliminate the cross-couplings of the converter, achieveindependent control of the d-q current components, expand the stable region and suppress the resonance of the LCL filter. Simulation and experimental results verify the correctness of the theoretical analysis and the feasibility of the proposed strategies.

The Use of Toluidine Blue Staining Combined with Paraffin Sectioning and the Optimization of Freeze-thaw Counting Methods for Analysing Root-Knot Nematodes in Tomato

Xiaoman Li,Wenchao Zhao,Xiaoxuan Zhou,Jiaping Feng,Yingjian Gao,Xuehui Yao,Yang Liu,Jie Liu,Rui Yang,Fukuan Zhao,Shaohui Wang 한국원예학회 2017 Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology Vol.58 No.6

Root-knot nematodes (RKNs) (Meloidogyne spp.) are one of the most damaging crop pests and cause severeyield losses worldwide. Easier and more efficient methods are needed for assessing nematode infestations and hostplant resistance. In the present study, we combined toluidine blue staining and paraffin sectioning to observe theestablishment of giant cells (GCs; redifferentiated cells induced by nematode feeding) and the developmental status ofRKNs in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). The number of RKNs was counted using a modified freeze-thaw countingmethod. Finally, three tomato lines with different levels of RKN resistance, but otherwise identical genetic backgrounds,were tested to verify the applicability of the combined method. The results suggested that using toluidine blue stainingcombined with paraffin sectioning and freeze-thaw counting accurately reflects the level of RKN resistance of tomato plants.

Dietary kapok seed meal supplementation improved meat quality without adverse effect on growth performance in finishing pigs

Li, Hanlin,Liu, Wenchao,Zhao, Pinyao,Lei, Yan,Kim, Inho Informa UK (TaylorFrancis) 2018 Journal of applied animal research Vol.46 No.1

Design of Palmprint Acquisition and Recognition Base on Embedded

Ping Xue,Tianyu Liu,Meiwei Hou,Wenchao Li 보안공학연구지원센터(IJSIP) 2013 International Journal of Signal Processing, Image Vol.6 No.4