Effect of Liquid Mulch on the Transpiration Rate and Water Use Efficiency of Drip-irrigated Cotton

Yunguang Li,Zhenhua Wang,Jinzhu Zhang,Wenhao Li 보안공학연구지원센터 2016 International Journal of u- and e- Service, Scienc Vol.9 No.1

This study was carried out to address the ever severer white pollution issue in the cotton fields of arid areas and to primarily stop the increase of film residuals in cotton fields. The feasibility of replacing plastic films with liquid mulch in combination with drip irrigation was evaluated. A bucket experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of liquid mulch on the transpiration rate and water use efficiency (WUE) of drip-irrigated cottons. A total of 5 treatments were set up: liquid mulch (1900 kg/hm2) coupled with drip irrigation (LFD1), liquid mulch (2200 kg/hm2) coupled with drip irrigation (LFD2), liquid mulch (2500 kg/hm2) coupled with drip irrigation (LFD3), plastic film coupled with drip irrigation (PFD) and drip irrigation without mulch (NFD or control). The results showed that in the bud stage, the peak value of cotton leaf transpiration rate in LFD3 was 0.95 mmol•m-2•s-1 (or 21.99%) higher than that in control but 0.39 mmol•m-2•s-1 (or 6.89%) lower than that in PFD. The WUE in LFD3 was the highest in any cotton growth stage among the treatments. The peak value of WUE in the seedling and bud stages was 16.90% and 15.03%, respectively higher in LFD3 than in control. When used at an appropriate dosage, liquid mulch can lower the transpiration rate and significantly raise the WUE of drip-irrigated cottons, thus paving the way towards high yields. In addition, liquid mulch has no negative effects on the soil environment and thus is of important research value and good application prospect in light of drip-irrigated cottons in arid areas.

An experimental study of the mechanical performance of different types of girdling beams used to elevate bridges

Fangyuan Li,Wenhao Li,Peifeng Wu 국제구조공학회 2023 Structural Engineering and Mechanics, An Int'l Jou Vol.85 No.4

Girdling underpinning joints are key areas of concern for the pier-cutting bridge-lifting process. In this study, five specimens of an underpinning joint were prepared by varying the cross-sectional shape of the respective column, the process used to treat the beam-column interface (BCI), and the casting process. These specimens were subsequently analyzed through static failure tests. The BCI was found to be the weakest area of the joint, and the specimens containing a BCI underwent punching shear failure. The top of the girdling beam (GB) was subjected to a circumferential tensile force during slippage failure. Compared to the specimens with a smooth BCI, the specimens subjected to chiseling exhibited more pronounced circumferential compression at the BCI, which in turn considerably increased the shear capacity of the BCI and the ductility of the structure. The GB for the specimens containing a column with a circular cross-section exhibited better shear mechanical properties than the GB of other specimens. The BCI in specimens containing a column with a circular cross-section was more ductile during failure than that in specimens containing a column with a square cross-section.

Expression of RUNX2/LAPTM5 in the Induction of MC3T3-e1 Mineralization and Its Possible Relationship with Autophagy

Xing Lei,Li Yanqin,Li Wenhao,Liu Rong,Geng Yuanming,Ma Weiqun,Qiao Yu,Li Jianwen,Lv Yingtao,Fang Ying,Xu Pingping 한국조직공학과 재생의학회 2022 조직공학과 재생의학 Vol.19 No.6

BACKGROUND: The study aims to correlate osteogenesis with autophagy during the mineralization induction of MC3T3-e1 through exploring the expression of runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2)/lysosomal-associated transmembrane protein 5 (LAMPT5). METHODS: The induction of mineralization in MC3T3-e1 was followed by detecting the expressions of osteogenesisrelated indexes such as RUNX2, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), osteocalcin (OCN), and LAPTM5 using RT-qPCR and Western blot from 0 to 14 days. Transmission electron microscope was utilised in visualizing the alterations of autophagosomes, which was followed by immunofluorescence detecting the subcellular localization of autophagy-related index sequestosome 1 (P62) and microtubule-associated protein 1 light 3 (LC3) protein and scrutinising the expression of P62 mRNA and P62 and LC3 proteins. RESULTS: Induction of MC3T3-e1 mineralization demonstrated an increased expression of osteogenesis-related indicators such as RUNX2, ALP, OCN, and LAPTM5 (p\0.05), as evident from the results of RT-qPCR and Western blot. Meanwhile, the expression of autophagosomes increased one day after mineralization induction and then experienced a gradual decline, and enhanced expression of LC3 protein was noted on days 1–2 of mineralization induction but was then followed by a corresponding reduce. In contrast, a continuous increase was reported in the expression of P62 mRNA and protein, respectively (p\0.05). Up- and down-regulating RUNX2/LAPTM5 expression alone confirmed the aforementioned results. CONCLUSION: It was therefore proposed that RUNX2 may be responsible for an early increase and then a gradual decrease in LAPTM5-mediated autophagy through the regulation of its high expression. Meanwhile, increased LAPTM5 expression in osteogenic mineralization presumed that RUNX2/LAPTM5 promoted autophagy and osteogenic expression, which may play a bridging role in the regulation of autophagy and osteogenesis.

Charge trapping behavior in organic–inorganic alloy films grown by molecular layer deposition from trimethylaluminum, <i>p</i>-phenylenediamine and water

Zhou, Wenhao,Leem, Jina,Park, Inhye,Li, Yinshi,Jin, Zhenyu,Min, Yo-Sep The Royal Society of Chemistry 2012 Journal of materials chemistry Vol.22 No.45

<P>Organic–inorganic hybrid or alloy films have great potential as a functional material because they have structural flexibility owing to the presence of an organic moiety. Here organic–inorganic hybrid films were grown by molecular layer deposition (MLD) by using trimethylaluminum and <I>p</I>-phenylenediamine. Although the hybrid films could be grown <I>via</I> the self-limiting growth mechanism of MLD, the hybrid films were severely air sensitive. The stability problem of the hybrid films could be solved by alloying the hybrid layer with Al<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB> layers. The alloy films, which were grown by repeating supercycles with one subcycle for the hybrid layer and four subcycles for the Al<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB> layers, showed excellent dielectric properties: a leakage current density of ∼2.3 × 10<SUP>−8</SUP> A cm<SUP>−2</SUP> at 1 MV cm<SUP>−1</SUP>; a dielectric breakdown field at ∼2.9 MV cm<SUP>−1</SUP>; and a dielectric constant of ∼6.2. Interestingly, charge trapping behavior was clearly observed in the alloy film. The charge trapping ability of the alloy film was verified with a charge trapping memory capacitor in which the alloy film was inserted as a charge trapping layer.</P> <P>Graphic Abstract</P><P>Organic–inorganic hybrid or alloy films have great potential as a functional material because they have structural flexibility owing to the presence of an organic moiety. <IMG SRC='http://pubs.rsc.org/services/images/RSCpubs.ePlatform.Service.FreeContent.ImageService.svc/ImageService/image/GA?id=c2jm35553a'> </P>

Silicon Mediated Different Roles in Alleviation of Cadmium Toxicity in Two Cypress Varieties

Bin Guo,Wenhao An,Nengfei Ding,Chen Liu,Qinglin Fu,Hua Li,Ningyu Li,Yicheng Lin 한국토양비료학회 2014 한국토양비료학회 학술발표회 초록집 Vol.2014 No.6

Synthesis, morphology and optical properties of SrTiO₃:Pr³⁺ phosphors

Fu, Zuoling,Li, Wenhao,Kyoung Yang, Hyun,Kee Moon, Byung,Chun Choi, Byung,Hyun Jeong, Jung Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences 2010 Physica scripta Vol.2010 No.t139

<P>SrTiO<SUB>3</SUB>:Pr<SUP>3+</SUP> phosphors with different morphologies were prepared by using high-temperature solid-state reaction, the solvothermal method and sol–gel synthesis. All the products were systematically characterized by powder x-ray diffraction (XRD), infrared spectroscopy (IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), photoluminescence (PL) and photoluminescent excitation spectra (PLE). The influence of different synthesis methods on the morphology and optical properties of SrTiO<SUB>3</SUB>:Pr<SUP>3+</SUP> was discussed.</P>

Hydrothermal Synthesis and Luminescent Properties of Uniform CaSnO[sub 3]:Eu[sup 3+] Microcrystals with Controlled Morphology

Fu, Zuoling,Li, Wenhao,Du, Shan,Yang, Hyun Kyoung,Jeong, Jung Hyun The Electrochemical Society 2009 Journal of the Electrochemical Society Vol.156 No.10

Damage Mechanism of Broad-narrow Joint of CRTSII Slab Track under Temperature Rise

Xiaokai Liu,Wenhao Zhang,Jieling Xiao,Xueyi Liu,Wei Li 대한토목학회 2019 KSCE JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING Vol.23 No.5

There is two typical damage pattern at broad-narrow joint of CRTSII slab track breakage of narrow joint and fracture at junction between broad joint and narrow joint. This paper aims to study the damage mechanism and develop of broad-narrow joint of CRTSII slab track and put forward the methods to reduce the damage. Based on damaged plasticity model for concrete and cohesive zone model, the damage mechanism and development process of broad-narrow joint are analyzed in this study. The unequal width of broad joint and narrow joint, different concrete strength between broad-narrow joints and slab and slab integrity reducing due to the interface are the main reason for the typical damage. It is suggested to set the same width of broad joint and narrow joint, set the same strength of broad-narrow joint and slab and enhance the integrity of the slab by chipping or adding adhesives, among which the former two methods are more effective. Breakage of narrow joint is a gradual compression damage due to the lower concrete strength than slab. Fracture at the junction between narrow joint and broad joint is a mutational tension damage due to the unequal width of broad joint and narrow joint. The temperature gradient has significant effect on the compression damage, but small to the tension damage, it has the risk of complete destruction under extreme conditions.

Functional profiling of the gut microbiomes in two different populations of the brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens

Yunhua Zhang,Tao Tang,Wenhao Li,Tingwei Cai,Jian Hong Li,Hu Wan 한국응용곤충학회 2018 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.21 No.4

Previous studies have demonstrated that gut symbionts are involved in the detoxification metabolism of insect hosts, but the relationship between gut symbionts and host detoxification metabolism of the brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens, BPH) remains unclear. In the present study, an indoor population (NlIP) and a field population (NlFP) of the BPH were used to characterize the functional profiling of the gut microbiome based on 16S rDNA sequencing. The results show that the NlIP and NlFP strains of N. lugens had different symbiont compositions, and Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Firmicutes were the dominate phyla, accounting for > 75% of the total symbiont compositions. Additionally, the NlIP strain had more Pantoea and Stenotrophomonas, while the NlFP strain showed a higher Wolbachia, Actinobacteria, and Herbaspirillum relative abundance. Furthermore, functional content of the metagenome predicted by PICRUSt demonstrated no significant difference in metagenomic function between the NlIP and NlFP strains in the principal component analysis (PCA), and only three types of genes, namely, genes involved with metabolic diseases, poorly characterized genes, and genes involved in circulatory systems, were different between the strains based on KEGG pathway analysis, which also speculated that gut symbionts are not directly involved in the detoxification metabolism for insecticides in the BPH. These results will be helpful for further research into the mechanisms of gut symbionts involved in detoxification metabolism in the BPH.

Role of HCl in Atomic Layer Deposition of TiO₂ Thin Films from Titanium Tetrachloride and Water

Leem, Jina,Park, Inhye,Li, Yinshi,Zhou, Wenhao,Jin, Zhenyu,Shin, Seokhee,Min, Yo-Sep Korean Chemical Society 2014 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.35 No.4

Atomic layer deposition (ALD) of $TiO_2$ thin film from $TiCl_4$ and $H_2O$ has been intensively studied since the invention of ALD method to grow thin films via chemical adsorptions of two precursors. However the role of HCl which is a gaseous byproduct in ALD chemistry for $TiO_2$ growth is still intriguing in terms of the growth mechanism. In order to investigate the role of HCl in $TiO_2$ ALD, HCl pulse and its purging steps are inserted in a typical sequence of $TiCl_4$ pulse-purge-$H_2O$ pulse-purge. When they are inserted after the first-half reaction (chemisorption of $TiCl_4$), the grown thickness of $TiO_2$ becomes thinner or thicker at lower or higher growth temperatures than $300^{\circ}C$, respectively. However the insertion after the second-half reaction (chemisorption of $H_2O$) results in severely reduced thicknesses in all growth temperatures. By using the result, we explain the growth mechanism and the role of HCl in $TiO_2$ ALD.