Quality improvement effects of electrolyzed water on rice noodles prepared with semidry-milled rice flours

Rui Liu,Zhang-Long Yu,Yuan-Lin Sun,Li-Tao Tong,Li-Ya Liu,Li-Li Wang,Xian-Rong Zhou,Su-Mei Zhou 한국식품과학회 2021 Food Science and Biotechnology Vol.30 No.6

To investigate the effects of electrolyzed watertreatment on the qualities of rice noodles prepared withsemidry- milled rice flour, pasting properties and thermalproperties of rice flour, and the cooking and texturalproperties of rice noodles were determined. Higher peakviscosity and lower melting enthalpy were observed inelectrolyzed water (EW) treated rice flour. The hardness,gumminess and chewiness of rice noodle in slightly acidicelectrolyzed water treated rice noodles with availablechlorine concentration (ACC) 20.32 mg/L were increasedsignificantly (p\0.05). The cooking loss decreased significantlyin strong acidic electrolyzed water treated noodleswith ACC 10.09 mg/L treatment (p\0.05). Theresults indicated that EW could promote the gelatinizationof rice flour, and improve the textural qualities of ricenoodles. Therefore EW was appropriate to be used in ricenoodle production.

Hysteretic behavior studies of self-centering energy dissipation bracing system

Long-He Xu,Xiaowei Fan,Dengcheng Lu,Zhong-Xian Li 국제구조공학회 2016 Steel and Composite Structures, An International J Vol.20 No.6

This paper presents a new type of pre-pressed spring self-centering energy dissipation (PS-SCED) bracing system that combines friction mechanisms between the inner and outer tube members to provide the energy dissipation with the pre-pressed combination disc springs installed on both ends of the brace to provide the selfcentering capability. The mechanics and the equations governing the design and hysteretic responses of the bracing system are outlined, and a series of validation tests of components comprising the self-centering mechanism of combination disc springs, the friction energy dissipation mechanism, and a large scale PS-SCED bracing specimen were conducted due to the low cyclic reversed loadings. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed bracing system performs as predicted by the equations governing its mechanical behaviors, which exhibits a stable and repeatable flag-shaped hysteretic response with excellent self-centering capability and appreciable energy dissipation, and large ultimate bearing and deformation capacities. Results also show that almost no residual deformation occurs when the friction force is less than the initial pre-pressed force of disc springs.

Numerical Simulation on New Conical Spray for Diesel Premixed Charge Compression Ignition

( Li Yan Feng ),( Wu Qiang Long ),( Bao Guo Du ),( Xian Yin Leng ) 한국액체미립화학회 2005 한국액체미립화학회 학술강연회 논문집 Vol.2005 No.-

Concerning the difficulty of pre-mixture preparation for diesel HCCI combustion, a new conical spray is proposed. The new conical spray is formed by the combination of multi-hole nozzle and close impingement structure. The new spray has characteristics of high dispersion and acts with flexible penetration in design. Three-dimensional CFD package AVL FIRE 8.2 was used to simulate pre-mixture preparation process with the new conical spray. The effects of combustion chamber shape and impingement structure on pre-mixture quality were analyzed. The calculation results indicate the following conclusions: (1) with the application of new conical spray, fuel impingement and adhesion on piston or liner surface are avoided; (2) combustion chamber shape has crucial effect on pre-mixture homogeneity, which is apparent when start of injection is or later than 60°CA BTDC; (3) compared with other kinds of combustion chamber, deep reentrant combustion chamber performs better on pre-mixture preparation if the start of injection is 60° or 80°CA BTDC; (4) the geometry of impingement orientation structure also affects pre-mixture quality.

The static response of functionally graded radially polarized piezoelectric spherical shells as sensors and actuators

Li, Xian-Fang,Peng, Xu-Long,Lee, Kang Yong Institute of Physics Publishing 2010 Smart materials & structures Vol.19 No.3

<P>This paper analyzes the static response of a functionally graded spherical shell made of piezoelectric materials. A hollow piezoelectric sphere is polarized in the radial direction. Spherically symmetric problems of piezoelectric spherical shells as sensors or actuators are considered. For the gradient of power-law behavior, closed-form explicit expressions for the electroelastic field are derived. These solutions can serve as benchmarks for functionally graded piezoelectric hollow spheres. For arbitrarily varying gradient, an analytic approach for reducing the problem to a Fredholm integral equation is suggested to obtain the responses of the electroelastic field. Numerical results for a spherical piezoelectric vessel are obtained for special radial nonhomogeneity, and the distribution of the radial and circumferential stresses as well as the response of the electric potential for sensors and actuators are presented graphically under electrical and mechanical stimuli, respectively. Our results indicate that the gradient index strongly affects the stress distribution and electric response. The obtained results are helpful for optimizing the design of hollow spherical piezoelectric transducers. </P>

Model predictive control strategies for protection of structures during earthquakes

Long-He Xu,Zhong-Xian Li 국제구조공학회 2011 Structural Engineering and Mechanics, An Int'l Jou Vol.40 No.2

This paper presents a theoretical study of a model predictive control (MPC) strategy employed in semi-active control system with magnetorheological (MR) dampers to reduce the responses of seismically excited structures. The MPC scheme is based on a prediction model of the system response to obtain the control actions by minimizing an objective function, which can compensate for the effect of time delay that occurred in real application. As an example, a 5-story building frame equipped with two 20 kN MR dampers is presented to demonstrate the performance of the proposed MPC scheme for addressing time delay and reducing the structural responses under different earthquakes, in which the predictive length l = 5 and the delayed time step d = 10, 20, 40, 60, 100 are considered. Comparison with passive-off, passive-on, and linear quadratic Gaussian (LQG) control strategy indicates that MPC scheme exhibits good control performance similar to the LQG control strategy, both have better control effectiveness than two passive control methods for most cases, and the MPC scheme used in semi-active control system show more effectiveness and robustness for addressing time delay and protecting structures during earthquakes.

Numerical study on conjugate heat transfer in a liquid-metal-cooled pipe based on a four-equation turbulent heat transfer model

Li Xian-Wen,Su Xing-Kang,Gu Long,Wang Xiang-Yang,Fan Da-Jun 한국원자력학회 2023 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.55 No.5

Conjugate heat transfer between liquid metal and solid is a common phenomenon in a liquid-metalcooled fast reactor's fuel assembly and heat exchanger, dramatically affecting the reactor’s safety and economy. Therefore, comprehensively studying the sophisticated conjugate heat transfer in a liquidmetal-cooled fast reactor is profound. However, it has been evidenced that the traditional Simple Gradient Diffusion Hypothesis (SGDH), assuming a constant turbulent Prandtl number (Prt, usually 0.85 - 1.0), is inappropriate in the Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations of liquid metal. In recent decades, numerous studies have been performed on the four-equation model, which is expected to improve the precision of liquid metal’s CFD simulations but has not been introduced into the conjugate heat transfer calculation between liquid metal and solid. Consequently, a four-equation model, consisting of the Abe k ε turbulence model and the Manservisi kq εq heat transfer model, is applied to study the conjugate heat transfer concerning liquid metal in the present work. To verify the numerical validity of the four-equation model used in the conjugate heat transfer simulations, we reproduce Johnson’s experiments of the liquid lead-bismuth-cooled turbulent pipe flow using the four-equation model and the traditional SGDH model. The simulation results obtained with different models are compared with the available experimental data, revealing that the relative errors of the local Nusselt number and mean heat transfer coefficient obtained with the four-equation model are considerably reduced compared with the SGDH model. Then, the thermal-hydraulic characteristics of liquid metal turbulent pipe flow obtained with the four-equation model are analyzed. Moreover, the impact of the turbulence model used in the four-equation model on overall simulation performance is investigated. At last, the effectiveness of the four-equation model in the CFD simulations of liquid sodium conjugate heat transfer is assessed. This paper mainly proves that it is feasible to use the four-equation model in the study of liquid metal conjugate heat transfer and provides a reference for the research of conjugate heat transfer in a liquidmetal-cooled fast reactor

Seismic behavior enhancement of frame structure considering parameter sensitivity of self-centering braces

Long-He Xu,Xing-Si Xie,Xintong Yan,Zhong-Xian Li 국제구조공학회 2019 Structural Engineering and Mechanics, An Int'l Jou Vol.71 No.1

A modified mechanical model of pre-pressed spring self-centering energy dissipation (PS-SCED) brace is proposed, and the hysteresis band is distinguished by the indication of relevant state variables. The MDOF frame system equipped with the braces is formulated in an incremental form of linear acceleration method. A multi-objective genetic algorithm (GA) based brace parameter optimization method is developed to obtain an optimal solution from the primary design scheme. Parameter sensitivities derived by the direct differentiation method are used to modify the change rate of parameters in the GA operator. A case study is conducted on a steel braced frame to illustrate the effect of brace parameters on node displacements, and validate the feasibility of the modified mechanical model. The optimization results and computational process information are compared among three cases of different strategies of parameter change as well. The accuracy is also verified by the calculation results of finite element model. This work can help the applications of PS-SCED brace optimization related to parameter sensitivity, and fulfill the systematic design procedure of PS-SCED brace-structure system with completed and prospective consequences.

Visual Attention Model Based on Particle Filter

( Long Liu ),( Wei Wei ),( Xianli Li ),( Yafeng Pan ),( Houbing Song ) 한국인터넷정보학회 2016 KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Syst Vol.10 No.8

The visual attention mechanism includes 2 attention models, the bottom-up (B-U) and the top-down (T-D), the physiology of which have not yet been accurately described. In this paper, the visual attention mechanism is regarded as a Bayesian fusion process, and a visual attention model based on particle filter is proposed. Under certain particular assumed conditions, a calculation formula of Bayesian posterior probability is deduced. The visual attention fusion process based on the particle filter is realized through importance sampling, particle weight updating, and resampling, and visual attention is finally determined by the particle distribution state. The test results of multigroup images show that the calculation result of this model has better subjective and objective effects than that of other models.

Model predictive control strategies for protection of structures during earthquakes

Xu, Long-He,Li, Zhong-Xian Techno-Press 2011 Structural Engineering and Mechanics, An Int'l Jou Vol.40 No.2

This paper presents a theoretical study of a model predictive control (MPC) strategy employed in semi-active control system with magnetorheological (MR) dampers to reduce the responses of seismically excited structures. The MPC scheme is based on a prediction model of the system response to obtain the control actions by minimizing an objective function, which can compensate for the effect of time delay that occurred in real application. As an example, a 5-story building frame equipped with two 20 kN MR dampers is presented to demonstrate the performance of the proposed MPC scheme for addressing time delay and reducing the structural responses under different earthquakes, in which the predictive length l = 5 and the delayed time step d = 10, 20, 40, 60, 100 are considered. Comparison with passive-off, passive-on, and linear quadratic Gaussian (LQG) control strategy indicates that MPC scheme exhibits good control performance similar to the LQG control strategy, both have better control effectiveness than two passive control methods for most cases, and the MPC scheme used in semi-active control system show more effectiveness and robustness for addressing time delay and protecting structures during earthquakes.

An Optical Design of Off-axis Four-mirror-anastigmatic Telescope for Remote Sensing

Xing long Li,Min Xu,Xian dong Ren,Yun tian Pei 한국광학회 2012 Current Optics and Photonics Vol.16 No.3

An off-axis four-mirror-anastigmatic telescope is presented here which is composed of two aspheric surfaces and two spherical surfaces. The entrance pupil diameter is 290 mm and the stop is located at the primary mirror. The effective focal length is 900 mm. The strip field of view for the telescope is 15° × 0.2° and if the telescope is launched into an orbit about 400 km altitude, the observed range width will be more than 105 km within a scene without any other auxiliary scanning instrument. The spectral range can be as wide as from visual wave band to infrared wave band in the mirror system. This telescope can be used for environmental monitoring with different detectors whose pixel is adapted to the optical resolution. In this paper, the spectral range is chosen as 3.0 -5.0 μm, and center distance of the pixel is 30 μm. And the image quality is near the diffraction limit.