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Shin, Gu-Choul,Na, Byoung-Kuk,Lee, Joo-Yeon,Ahn, Jung-Bae,Park, Jong-Won,Lee, Jin-Soo,Kim, Jee-Hee,Kim, Woo-Joo,Kang, Chun The Korean Society for Microbiology 2003 Journal of Bacteriology and Virology Vol.33 No.4
Although Korean influenza virus isolates have been genetically associated with the vaccine strains of the corresponding year, influenza B viruses have prevailed almost every year in Korea during the past decades. We have 'analyzed the genetic characteristics and evolutionary patterns of the haemagglutinin (HA) 1 domains of influenza B viruses isolated during 1988-1999 using direct RT-PCR and sequencing. Phylogenetic analysis of influenza B viruses isolated in Korea indicated that antigenically and genetically distinguishable strains of the lineage II and lineage III variants had been cocirculated. Variants prevailed in early 1990s are represented in 1996/97 and 1998/99 and some different variants have been co circulated geographically and prevailed concurrently in Korea. All HA1s of Korean isolates have amino acid substitutions mainly in the region between position 124 and 310, which was previously proposed an immunodominant region. Insertion-deletion patterns of the HA gene revealed that Korean influenza B viruses were evolved from Lee40 with different manner between lineage II and III viruses. Lineage III viruses were also divided into two groups as conserved group and inserted group, in relation to Lee40. But lineage II viruses had evolved with directional pattern. Antigenic index proposed that influenza B isolates prevailed since 1996/97 seasons might had emerged from the antigenic variants of a Seo1697-like virus and that new variants might appear from the lineage II viruses resulting in persistent prevalence in Korea.
조남신(Cho Nam Shin),이진주(Lee Jin Joo) 한국경영학회 1980 經營學硏究 Vol.9 No.-
The modern decision environment is characterized by the presence of multiple objectives or goals, which are generally competing or conflicting. Therfore, it has been well established that virtually every decision making problem involves several key criteria. Mathematical programming techniques based on a single objective criterion such as cost minimization or profit maximization are restricted in application to real-world problems. Radford (14) contended that the goal of a global optimum solution should be discarded when considering complex and multiple objective decision problems. Under the modern complex decision environment, it is necessary to simultaneously consider all of the multiple and often conflicting objectives appropriately in selecting a best strategy or policy. Among the various techniques which have been developed to handle multicriteria decision making problems, goal programming is perhaps the most promising approach as it is an appropriate, powerful, flexible, and pragmatic tool. This technique was originally introduced by Charnes and Cooper (2, 3), and further developed by Ijiri (g) and Lee (11). The goal programming model can be solved through the use of a computer program based on an iterative algorithm. Currently, the most widely used computer program is Lee`s program (11) written in Fortran. Another popular algorithm was developed by Ignizio (7). Lee`s and Ignizio`s programs were designed using the modified simplex method. Lee`s and Ignizio`s programs did not consider efficiency in terms of the running time and storage requirements. Computational inefficiency results from unnecessary information being computed from iteration. to iteration. Recently Arthur (1) attempted to design a more efficient algorithm. This algorithm was tested in comparison with Lee`s algorithm in terms of computational time. Arthur`s goal partitioning algorithm is more efficient than the other two algorithms because it reduces the number of computations by modifying the matrix size when the number of subproblems increases and by eliminating unnecessary nonbasic variables. The critical disadvantage of this algorithm is its inability to provide the final optimal simplex tableau required to perform sensitivity analysis. This paper presents a new efficient GP algorithm based on the product represenation of the revised simplex method in order to overcome deficiencies of computational inefficiency on the part of the Lee and Ignizio algorithms and the lack of the final simplex tableau on the part of the Arthur algorithm.
항 히스타민제의 H₁ 수용체와 무스카린 수용체에 대한 상대적 역가
이신웅,박영주,이정수 영남대학교 약품개발연구소 1994 영남대학교 약품개발연구소 연구업적집 Vol.4 No.-
The muscarinic antagonist l-[benzilic-4, 4'-³H]quinuclidinyl benzilate([³H]QNB) bound to a single class of muscarinic receptor with high affinity in guinea pig ileal membranes. The K_(D) and B_(max) values for [³H]QNB calculated from analysis of saturation isotherms were 54 pM and 156 fmol/mg, respectively. H₁-blockers inhibited [³H]QNB binding to ileal membranes with K_(i) values ranged from 0.008 μM to 1.6 μM. The pseudo-Hill coefficients of H₁-blockers for inhibition of [³H]QNB binding to the ileal membranes were close to unit. The K_(i) values for H₁-blockers were similar to the K_(M) values calculated by Schild plot of functional data obtained from inhibition of the carbachol-induced contraction in guinea-pig ileum, suggesting that binding of H₁-blockers vs [³H]QNB in ileal membranes represents an interaction with a receptor of physiological relevance. The K_(H) values of H₁-blockers for H₁-receptor estimated from inhibition of the histamine-induced contraction were the range of 0.15 nM to 56.5 nM. The K_(M)/K_(H) ratio of H₁-blockers varied over a wide range of 3 to 2300. Thus, the antihistaminic potencies of H₁-blockers do not correlate with their antimuscarinic potencies, which suggest that antihistamines have different antimuscarinic potencies in therapeutic blood levels causing similar antiallergic effect. Among 13 traditional antihistaminics examined in this study, drug having the highest and the lowest K_(M)/K_(H) ratio is triprolidine and diphenidol, respectively. The present results demonstrate that the antimuscarinic property of antihistamines is not necessary for their antiallergic effect, and data on the affinity of antihistamines for muscarinic and H₁-receptors can be an important parameter in the selection and evaluation of these drugs.
급성 심근경색 초기에 도플러 심초음파를 이용한 좌심실 이완기 기능의 평가
신원용,김주성,김철현,이광희,최태명,현민수,김성구,권영주 순천향의학연구소;Soonchunhyang Medical Research Institute 2000 Journal of Soonchunhyang Medical Science Vol.6 No.1
Background : Congestive heart failure after acute myocardial infarction relate to left ventricular systolic sysfunction. Also, left ventricular diastolic function contribute to heart failure. The aims of this study were, firstly to characterize left ventricular diastolic function by transmitral flow velocity, and secondly to study the significance of Doppler measurements in relation to the development of heart failure in the early phase of myocardial infarction. Method : Pulsed Doppler echocardiography of transmitral flow was assessed in 34 patients with acute myocardial infarction. According to the Doppler transmitral flwo velocity profile, the study patients were assigned to the three groups: normal filling pattern (DT > 140ms, IVRT < 100ms), relaxation abnormality (DT > 140ms, IVRT ≥ 100ms), pseudonormal or restrictive pattern (DT ≤ 140ms). Also, on the basis of the presence of heart failure during first week of hospitalization, the patients were divided into two groups: patients with no sign of heart failure (Killip class Ⅰ) and heart failure (Killip class Ⅱ-Ⅳ). Results : Of the 34 patients studied, 10(29%) were normal filling pattern, 17(50%) abnormal relaxation and 7(21%) were restrictive patterns. The left ventricular ejection fraction(EF, 40 ±6%) of restrictive pattern was significantly lower than that of normal filling pattern of abnormal relaxation(p < 0.01). And, the IVRT, DT, E/A and left ventricular EF were reduced in patients with heart failure(14 patients) compared to no sign of heart failure(20 patients)(p<0.05). Of the patients with heart failure, IVRT and left ventricular EF were reduced in patients with DT≤140 ms compared to DT> 140ms(p=0.001). Conclusion : Left ventricular diastolic dysfunction is present early after onset of symptoms of acute myocardial infarction. Assessment of left ventricular diastolic function complements measurements of systolic function in the evaluation of cardiac function. DT, IVRT, E/A and left ventricular EF are useful predictors for development of congestive heart failure following acute myocardial infarction.
신군재,이주원 한국중재학회 2007 중재연구 Vol.17 No.2
The legal systems and open-door policies to foreign affairs in North Korea have been followed by those of China. Whereas an arbitration system of South Korea accepted most parts of UNCITRAL Model Law, North Korea has succeeded to an arbitration system of a socialist country. China, under the arbitration system of socialist country, enacted an arbitration act reflected from UNCITRAL Model Law for keeping face with international trends. We have used these three arbitration system as a tool for analyzing an arbitration system in North Korea. With an open-door policy, North Korea and China enacted an arbitration act to provide a legal security. Therefore, the core parts of arbitration system in North Korea and China are based on a socialist system while those of South Korea is on liberalism. So, North Korea and China enacted an arbitration act on the basis of institutional arbitration, on the other side, South Korea is based on ad-hoc arbitration. Because of these characters, in terms of party autonomy, it is recognized with the order as South Korea, China and North Korea. Also North Korea enacted separate 'Foreign Economic Arbitration Act' to resolve disputes arising out of foreign economies including commercial things and investments. There are differences in arbitration procedures and appointment of arbitrators : South Korea recognizes parties' autonomy, however parties should follow the arbitration rules of arbitration institutes in North Korea and China. According to an appointment of arbitrators, if parties fail to appoint co-arbitrators or chief arbitrators by a mutual agreement, the court has the right to appoint them. In case of following KCAB's rules, KCAB secretariats take a scoring system by providing a list of candidates. A party has to appoint arbitrators out of the lists provided by arbitration board(or committee) in North Korea. If a party may fail to appoint a chief arbitrator, President of International Trade Arbitration Board(or Committee) may appoint it. In China, if parties fail to appoint a co-arbitrator or a chief arbitrator by a mutual agreement, Secretary general will decide it. If a arbitral tribunal fails to give a final award by a majority decision, a chief arbitrator has the right for a final decision making. These arbitration systems in North Korea and China are one of concerns that our companies take into account in conducting arbitration procedures inside China. It is only possible for a party to enforce a final arbitral award when he applies an arbitration inside North Korea according to International Trade Arbitration Act because North Korea has not joined the New York Convention. It's doubtful that a party might be treated very fairly in arbitration procedures in North Korea because International Trade Promotion Commission controls(or exercises its rights against) International Trade Arbitration Commission(or Board).
신원철,윤주천,김갑수,최승락,이근억,유주현 江原大學校 産業科學硏究所 1981 産業技術硏究 Vol.1 No.-
In order to use as a starter after drying, optimum growth conditions of Str. thermophilus and L. bulgaricus were investigated. The results were as follows. The growth of Str. thermophilus was reached at stationary phase after 12 hours incubation and L. bulgaricus was after 6 hours. Str. thermophilus was grown well, in the medium containing 10% of skim milk, 2%5 of sucrose, 0.1% of KCl and 0.015%(v./v.) of soy-sauce. In the case of L. bulgaricus, 10% of skim milk, 2% of glucose, 0.5% of bacto-peptone, 0.1% of K₂HPO₄ and 0.02% of pyridoxine was suitable for the maximum growth.
철골커플링 보의 비탄성 이력거동의 해석기법의 제안 및 복합 병렬전단벽구조의 비선형 해석
이주화,박완신,윤현도 대한건축학회 2003 대한건축학회 학술발표대회 논문집 - 계획계/구조계 Vol.23 No.1(구조계)
Ductile coupled flexural walls are the primary seismic load resisting systems of many structures. The coupling beams of these structures must exhibit excellent ductility and energy absorption ability. To achieve better ductility and energy absorption than previously possible, the use of steel coupling beams with their ends embedded in the reinforced concrete walls is proposed. But the present analytical method about behavior of steel coupling beam was scarcely anything. This paper composed of two subjects. First subject is a suggestion of analytical method of steel coupling beam, and selected 5 specimens for that. Second subject is a comparison of Seismic performance with RC coupling beam. This paper used IDARC-2D program for the purpose of achievement these subjects. Suggested analytical method expe3cted that it showed good agreement with steel coupling beam inelastic behavior. Comparison result showed that Steel Coupling beams replacing reinforced concrete coupling beams represent a viable structural system.
고주파 가열에 따른 반응고 알루미늄합금의 미세조직 특성
신평우,이정환,이상용,노진호,이영선 國立 昌原大學校 産業技術硏究所 1997 産技硏論文集 Vol.11 No.-
Semi-solid forming is relatively new process for forming alloys in the semi-solid condition into near net produce. It relies on the behaviour of semi-solid slurrys in which the solid exists in the form of non-dendritic, spheroidal particles in a liquid matrix. Powder of the Al-20Si-5Fe-2Ni alloy was manufactured by spray forming and powder metallurgy, one of the rapid cooling method, and its microstructure became fine with several ㎛ size through the extrusion process. Spray forming and powder metallurgy are a rapid solidification process in which capable of producing materials consisted of very fine, uniform particles. Spray forming can be described as incorperating the advantages of powder metallurgy without disadvantages of degassing and consolidation. In this paper, the microstructural evolution of the P/M, S/F Al-20Si-5Fe-2Ni alloys and wrought Al 2024 alloys were investigated various heating conditions by high frequency induction heating system.
이주신 청주대학교 산업과학연구소 2006 産業科學硏究 Vol.24 No.1
In this paper, the tracking of moving object by the decimation-in-time search algorithm is proposed. The proposed moving object tracking algorithm is composed of the moving direction initialization, the decimation-in-time searching algorithm and the moving object tracking. The initialization of moving direction is performed by obtaining the moving angle and the moving distance of moving objects which are detected in successive frames of the image. The decimation-in-time searching algoritlun that the moving direction of the moving object at the current frame is obtained by applying the decimation-in-time search direction mask. A prediction of the moving object on moving direction use the decimation-in-time search direction mask which is decided by obtaining the moving angle in the 8 way of search directions. The tracking of moving object is that the frames are decimated in image sequence by utilizing the decimation-in-time search direction mask, then the moving direction of the moving object is predicted. The results of the moving object tracking show that displacement coordinates error of the moving object between the proposed algorithm and the full search algorithm is less than 2 pixels on the average. Hence, the proposed algorithm can be possible to track moving object accurately, and the number of displacement search times is reduced up to 93% on the average. The processing time of the tracking is 37.4ms on the average.
퍼지 환경하에서 유연생산시스템 일정계획의 Pairwise 해법에 관한 연구
이상완,신대혁,윤연근,박병주 동아대학교 공과대학부설 생산기술연구소 1996 生産技術硏究所硏究論文集 Vol.1 No.2
FMS(Flexible Manufacturing System) scheduling problem is a complex system and a NP-hard problem. Thus it is natural to look for heuristic method. Here, we consider the multi-part production scheduling problem in a FMS scheduring of altemative routings. The problem in more complex if the processing time is imprecision. It requires suitable method to deal with imprecision. Fuzzy set theory can be useful in modeling and solving scheduling problems with uncertain processing times. Lee-Ki fuzzy number comparison method will be used to compare processing times that evaluated under fuzziness. This study propose heuristic algorithm solving FMS scheduling problem under fuzzy environment. In this algorithm, the pairwise comparision method is used to find proper alternative routing. On the basis of the proposed method, and example in presented.