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이화자 ( Hwa-za Lee ) 한국모자보건학회 2003 한국모자보건학회지 Vol.7 No.2
Objectives : The purpose of this study was to identify the characteristics and related factors of the attachment-oriented caretaking behaviors among breast-feeding mothers. Methods : A cross-sectional survey design was used to achieve the research purpose. The subjects were 230 mothers who participated in a healthy breast-feeding contest in Busan. The data were collected in September 2001, and were analyzed by SPSS WIN 10.0. Results : The level of attachment-oriented caretaking behaviors showed a mean score 2.00(potential range 1~3). Among the attachment-oriented caretaking behaviors(10 items), the scores of 7 items were higher than average score and 3 items were lower than average score. There were significant differences in the attachment-oriented caretaking behaviors according to the type of delivery (p<0.05), infant’s birth order (p<0.05), the initial contact timing of baby (p<0.05). The cesarean section mothers, second infant's birth state, and the initial contact after birth one day showed high attachment - oriented care taking behaviors. Conclusions : Based on the findings of this study, individualized and practical nursing intervention to encourage the attachment-oriented caretaking behaviors is essential to the breast-feeding mothers.
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이화자 中央醫學社 1972 中央醫學 Vol.22 No.4
The write conducted an observation on the value of growth and development of 255 quasi-well babies (Among them were 47 well babies and 3 babies- in perfect health) ranging from 6 to 24 months in age, who had passed preliminary examinations for the well baby contest twice held by the Pusan City Office in 1971. As the research focused on the evaluation of feeding methods and home environments etc., the following results were obtained; 1. About a half to two-thirds of those babies who were in the contest fell under the category of above the 90th percentile of the Korean standard value of height, chest and head circumference. 2. All the babies except ten who were the average weight for the standard value, were overweight. Among them, 220 babies (or 88,°0) were above the 90th percentile of the standard value. 3. 64 of the quasi-well babies (or 25%). 24 of the well babies, (or 48%), and. 3 of the babies in perfect health (or 100%) were obese according to Kaup Index. 4. The method of feeding was mostly breast feeding. Though about a half of them were fed weaning food along with breast .feeding, the weaning was. generally prolonged. Among those, 31 babies (12. 1%) were fed cow's milk. 5. In most cases the parents of the babies were.
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이화자,정향미,안혜경 동의대학교 기초과학연구소 1997 基礎科學硏究論文集 Vol.7 No.1
Young children need continuous care and fostering by their family. They help children organize and develop their potential and grow to be and integrated individuals. Children are influenced by then family at first and continuously when they grow up and develop their capability. Especially, mothers spend a lot of time with time to their children, encourage children's growth, give advice, and do their best to take care of their children. The ethnograpic study is to understand the patterns and rules of human behaviors. This study utilized this method in order to interpret the maternal health promoting behaviors for their children. The data were collected through the participant observation and direct interview for about 18 months in P city. The participants were 7 mothers, from 32 to 37 years old. They have children of ages 3 to 10 and 1 or 2 children in total. The data was analyzed through the Spradley's Ethnograghic method and the results were summarized as follows : The viewpoints which influence maternal health promoting behaviors include $quot;$quot;having childlike appearance$quot;$quot;, $quot;$quot;having childlike character$quot;$quot;, $quot;$quot;living without illness$quot;$quot;, and $quot;$quot;eating well$quot;$quot;. The maternal health promoting behaviors for children are classified as $quot;$quot;adapting to nature$quot;$quot;, $quot;$quot;supporting of ability$quot;$quot;, $quot;$quot;sharing with the family$quot;$quot;, $quot;$quot;training$quot;$quot;, and $quot;$quot;praying$quot;$quot;. The adapting behaviors include $quot;$quot;recognizing child's innate character$quot;$quot;, $quot;$quot;controlling maternal desires$quot;$quot;, $quot;$quot;preparing natural food$quot;$quot;, which includes breast feedings. The supporting behaviors include $quot;$quot;recognizing childlikeness$quot;$quot;, $quot;$quot;empowering$quot;$quot;, and $quot;$quot;restricting certain actions to preventing accidents$quot;$quot;. In order to promote child's health, it is essential to promote mother's health first of all. The sharing with the family includes $quot;$quot;promoting family concord or acquaintanceships concord$quot;$quot; and $quot;$quot;adapting circumstances beyond family$quot;$quot;. The training behaviors include $quot;$quot;forming good habits$quot;$quot; and $quot;$quot;having good moral value$quot;$quot;. It is very importance to form good habits in childhood. The praying behaviors include $quot;$quot;waiting for opportunities$quot;$quot; and $quot;$quot;endeavoring activity to promote child's health$quot;$quot;. The above 5 behaviors by mothers appeared to be able to promote children's health. The results of this study can be utilized to provide the basic information necessary to develop the patterns of maternal health promoting behaviors consistent with our cultural and can contribute us develop the body of knowledge about the maternal health promotion for children in nursing.
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李和子,李吉子 中央醫學社 1973 中央醫學 Vol.24 No.6
The authors have surveyed the psychological reactions of epileptic patients (120 persons), toward epilepsy who have been treated once a month at the, Rose Club ,of Busan Epileptic Association. The results of our study are as follows: 1. When the patient was diagnosed as epileptic, they wanted to be treated and to know how he could do best for himself, and tended to feel ashamed, depressed and disliked himself so much. 2. There were many patients who were uncomfortable in frustration in their family. Most of them felt that they were treated sympathetically but discriminated by their family. 3. In addition to the- treatment which they think is most important they were also concerned about other various things such as future, schooling, job and marriage problems. They are anxiously wanting for Doctors" , or Nurses help and guidance. 4. From these results the authors feel that a special plan and social movement for mental health of epileptic patients are urgently desired.
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이화자,이지원,Lee Hwa Za,Lee Ji Won 한국아동간호학회 1997 Child Health Nursing Research Vol.3 No.2
Mothers with cerebral palsy children have much stress that is related to the care of children with cerebral palsy and to other household duties, and this state of the mother has an effect on the cerebral palsy child and on other household member. Mothers in such stressful situations use various coping patterns. The purpose of this study was as follows : to develop instruments that can be used for measuring the stress and coping patterns of mothers with cerebral palsy children, and to test a hypothetical model on the relationship between the mother's stress, her coping patterns and the variable affecting the stress and coping patterns. The results of this study can be summarized as follows : 1. The stress scale was composed of 44 items and Cronbach's α was .94, and the coping pattern scale was composed of 19 items and Cronbach's α was. 80. The mean score of stress scale was 136.12 out of a total of 220, and the mean score of the coping scale was 72.87 in a total of 95. 2. In test of the hypothetical model, it was found that extra-care demand, the support of the husband, the degree of handicap, health status and self-esteem had statistically significant influence on the mother's stress(r=.285,-.262,-.133, -.126). And the support of the husband, formal support, informal support, and economic status were found to have statitically significant influence on the mother's coping patterns (r=.412, .178, 178, .138).
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저출생체중아의 수유 후 체위에 따른 위잔류량 및 생리적 반응
주현옥,이화자,김영혜,김영순,황선경 병원간호사회 2003 임상간호연구 Vol.9 No.1
Purpose: To examine the effects of body position after feeding on gastric residuals and physiologic responses(respiration rate, heart rate, O_(2) saturation) in low birth weight infants. Method: A repeated measures design was conducted. Twenty LBW infants being fed via indwelling nasogastric tubes were randomly assigned to one of 5 different body positions orderings. In each position, gastric residuals were measured at 30 minutes after feeding and physiologic responses were measured 1 hour before feeding and 20 minutes after feeding. Result: In comparisons of gastric residuals in 5 positions, the gastric residuals were mostly reduced in prone and the next in right oblique, in right lateral, in supine and in left lateral position in order. The effects of body position were statistically significant in respiration rate and O_(2) saturation. The changes of respiration rate, heart rate, and O_(2) saturation between before and after feeding were all significant. Conclusion: The body position after feeding could affect gastric residuals in LBW infants. Right anterior oblique or prone position is recommended rather than left lateral position or supine after feeding. In regarding to physiologic responses, it is difficult to recommend the best position and needs further studies. Knowledge of the proper positions and the changes of gastric emptying and physiologic reactions after feeding may lead to the development of evidence-based nursing in neonatal care.
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복부 경락마사지가 편마비 환자의 변비 완화와 우울에 미치는 효과
김대숙,최인주,하원춘,이화자,박남희 임상간호사회 2004 임상간호연구 Vol.10 No.1
Purpose: This study was conducted to identify an effect of the abdominal meridian concept for help hemiplegic patients to recover their constipation and to reduce depression. Method: A one group time series design was used. The subjects of the study were 16 hemiplegic patients who were participants at a hospitalized B hospital. After an intial one-week baseline measurement phase without any treatment, there followed two week treatment phases. The data were analyzed with repeated measures ANOVA, and post -hoc Tukey. Results: Through the total period the experimental group demonstrated a statistically bowel movements pre week showed a significant difference(F=4.64, p=.007). In the average scores of CAS the experimental group showed a statistically significant difference between the baseline week and first treatment week, second treatment week. In addition, through the total period the scores of CAS showed a significant difference(F=14.16, p=.000). There were no significant differences between changes in depression and the baseline week and all the other weeks. Conclusion: Despite the number of patients involved in this study being small, relief form of some symptoms associated with constipation was experienced by some patients. From these results, it can be concluded that abdominal meridian massage is an effective nursing intervention for the management of constipation of hemiplegic patients.
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