http://chineseinput.net/에서 pinyin(병음)방식으로 중국어를 변환할 수 있습니다.
변환된 중국어를 복사하여 사용하시면 됩니다.
G2A Attenuates Propionibacterium acnes Induction of Inflammatory Cytokines in Human Monocytes
( Andrew J Park ),( George W Agak ),( Min Qin ),( Lisa D Hisaw ),( Aslan Pirouz ),( Stephanie Kao ),( Laura J Marinelli ),( Hermes J Garban ),( Diane Thiboutot ),( Philip T Liu ),( Jenny Kim ) 대한피부과학회 2017 Annals of Dermatology Vol.29 No.6
Background: Acne vulgaris is a disease of the pilosebaceous unit characterized by increased sebum production, hyperkeratinization, and immune responses to Propionibacterium acnes (PA). Here, we explore a possible mechanism by which a lipid receptor, G2A, regulates immune responses to a commensal bacterium. Objective: To elucidate the inflammatory properties of G2A in monocytes in response to PA stimulation. Furthermore, our study sought to investigate pathways by which lipids modulate immune responses in response to PA. Methods: Our studies focused on monocytes collected from human peripheral blood mononuclear cells, the monocytic cell line THP-1, and a lab strain of PA. Our studies involved the use of enzyme-linked immunosorbent, Western blot, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, small interfering RNA (siRNA), and microarray analysis of human acne lesions in the measurements of inflammatory markers. Results: G2A gene expression is higher in acne lesions compared to normal skin and is inducible by the acne therapeutic, 13-cis -retinoic acid. In vitro, PA induces both the Toll-like receptor 2-dependent expression of G2A as well as the production of the G2A ligand, 9-hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid, from human monocytes. G2A gene knockdown through siRNA enhances PA stimulation of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, and IL-1β possibly through increased activation of the ERK1/2 MAP kinase and nuclear factor kappa B p65 pathways. Conclusion: G2A may play a role in quelling inflammatory cytokine response to PA, revealing G2A as a potential attenuator of inflammatory response in a disease associated with a commensal bacterium. (Ann Dermatol 29(6) 688∼698, 2017)
로라김(Laura Hija J. KIM),이석모(Suk Mo LEE) 한국생태공학회 2010 한국생태공학회지 Vol.1 No.1
Tidal power generation is recommended to acquire renewable resource and to improve water quality as well as to restore mud-flat in the Saemangeum reclamation region where has taken a heavy environmental degradation. In this study, emergy analysis was performed to gain overviews of the relationship between human activity and nature in a situation when tidal power is generated, the rate of renewable energy use increases more than 10% from continuous tidal ebb and flow comparing with original reclamation project. From the emergy signature analysis on reclamation projects, the most emergy input for seawall construction was also committed. The transformity of referred tidal power plant for Saemangeum was lower than the conventional electricity of the 2.77E+05 and an efficiency was also lower, but emergy yield ratio of 4.38 was secondary energy sources. Emergy investment ratio of 0.30 means that the tidal power plant depends on the continuous supply of natural resources, and the results show that the emergy sustainable index of 14.03 was estimated to be sustainable. From the emergy cost-benefit analysis, the net cost of the existing reclamation project was estimated at 296 billion em₩ per year and the net profit of the tidal power was estimated at 281 billion em₩ per year. Therefore, the results of this study for a tidal power project can utilize the renewable energy for green growth and it can create ecological restoration of the tidal-flat for vital habitat in Saemangeum region.
Near-field focusing and magnification through self-assembled nanoscale spherical lenses
Lee, Ju Young,Hong, Byung Hee,Kim, Woo Youn,Min, Seung Kyu,Kim, Yukyung,Jouravlev, Mikhail V.,Bose, Ranojoy,Kim, Keun Soo,Hwang, In-Chul,Kaufman, Laura J.,Wong, Chee Wei,Kim, Philip,Kim, Kwang S. Macmillan Publishers Limited. All rights reserved 2009 Nature Vol.460 No.7254
It is well known that a lens-based far-field optical microscope cannot resolve two objects beyond Abbe’s diffraction limit. Recently, it has been demonstrated that this limit can be overcome by lensing effects driven by surface-plasmon excitation, and by fluorescence microscopy driven by molecular excitation. However, the resolution obtained using geometrical lens-based optics without such excitation schemes remains limited by Abbe’s law even when using the immersion technique, which enhances the resolution by increasing the refractive indices of immersion liquids. As for submicrometre-scale or nanoscale objects, standard geometrical optics fails for visible light because the interactions of such objects with light waves are described inevitably by near-field optics. Here we report near-field high resolution by nanoscale spherical lenses that are self-assembled by bottom-up integration of organic molecules. These nanolenses, in contrast to geometrical optics lenses, exhibit curvilinear trajectories of light, resulting in remarkably short near-field focal lengths. This in turn results in near-field magnification that is able to resolve features beyond the diffraction limit. Such spherical nanolenses provide new pathways for lens-based near-field focusing and high-resolution optical imaging at very low intensities, which are useful for bio-imaging, near-field lithography, optical memory storage, light harvesting, spectral signal enhancing, and optical nano-sensing.
Self‐Propagating Domino‐like Reactions in Oxidized Graphite
Kim, Franklin,Luo, Jiayan,Cruz‐,Silva, Rodolfo,Cote, Laura J.,Sohn, Kwonnam,Huang, Jiaxing WILEY‐VCH Verlag 2010 Advanced Functional Materials Vol.20 No.17
<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>Graphite oxide (GO) has received extensive interest as a precursor for the bulk production of graphene‐based materials. Here, the highly energetic nature of GO, noted from the self‐propagating thermal deoxygenating reaction observed in solid state, is explored. Although the resulting graphene product is quite stable against combustion even in a natural gas flame, its thermal stability is significantly reduced when contaminated with potassium salt by‐products left from GO synthesis. In particular, the contaminated GO becomes highly flammable. A gentle touch with a hot soldering iron can trigger violent, catastrophic, total combustion of such GO films, which poses a serious fire hazard. This highlights the need for efficient sample purification methods. Typically, purification of GO is hindered by its tendency to gelate as the pH value increases during rinsing. A two‐step, acid–acetone washing procedure is found to be effective for suppressing gelation and thus facilitating purification. Salt‐induced flammability is alarming for the fire safety of large‐scale manufacturing, processing, and storage of GO materials. However, the energy released from the deoxygenation of GO can also be harnessed to drive new reactions for creating graphene‐based hybrid materials. Through such domino‐like reactions, graphene sheets decorated with metal and metal oxide particles are synthesized using GO as the in situ power source. Enhanced electrochemical capacitance is observed for graphene sheets loaded with RuO<SUB>2</SUB> nanoparticles.</P>
Edelman, Martin J.,Schneider, Claus-Peter,Tsai, Chun-Ming,Kim, Heung-Tae,Quoix, Elisabeth,Luft, Alexander V.,Kaleta, Remigiusz,Mukhopadhyay, Pralay,Trifan, Ovidiu C.,Whitaker, Laura,Reck, Martin American Society for Clinical Oncology 2013 Journal of clinical oncology Vol.31 No.16
<P><B>Purpose</B></P><P>Retrospective studies have reported that tumor expression of the beta-3 tubulin (β3T) isoform is an unfavorable prognostic factor in non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treated with tubulin-inhibiting chemotherapy. Ixabepilone is a tubulin-inhibiting agent with low susceptibility to multiple resistance mechanisms including β3T isoform expression in several tumor models. This randomized phase II study evaluated ixabepilone-based chemotherapy in stage IIIb/IV NSCLC, compared with paclitaxel-based chemotherapy. Tumor specimens were prospectively evaluated for β3T expression.</P><P><B>Patients and Methods</B></P><P>Patients were stratified by β3T status (positive <I>v</I> negative) and randomly assigned at a ratio of 1:1 to receive ixabepilone (32 mg/m<SUP>2</SUP>) and carboplatin (area under concentration-time curve [AUC], 6) or paclitaxel (200 mg/m<SUP>2</SUP>) and carboplatin (AUC, 6) for up to six cycles. The primary end point was progression-free survival (PFS) in the β3T-positive subgroup.</P><P><B>Results</B></P><P>Ninety-five patients (β3T positive, 52; β3T negative, 43) received ixabepilone plus carboplatin; 96 patients (β3T positive, 49; β3T negative, 47) received paclitaxel plus carboplatin. No significant differences in median PFS were observed between arms for either subgroup (β3T positive, 4.3 months in both arms; β3T negative, 5.8 <I>v</I> 5.3 months). Ixabepilone did not significantly improve overall survival (OS) for the β3T-positive subset or the overall population. Adverse events were similar between the two arms and comparable with those in previous studies.</P><P><B>Conclusion</B></P><P>There was no predictive value of β3T in differentiating clinical activity of ixabepilone- or paclitaxel-containing regimens. Ixabepilone did not improve PFS or OS in patients with β3T-positive tumors. β3T-positive patients had worse PFS relative to β3T-negative patients, regardless of treatment; hence, β3T expression seems to be a negative prognostic factor, but not a predictive factor, in advanced NSCLC treated with either ixabepilone or paclitaxel platinum-based doublets.</P>
Dopaminergic Supersensitivity in G Protein-Coupled Receptor Kinase 6-Deficient Mice
( Raul R. Gainetdinov ),( Laura M. Bohn ),( Tatyana D. Sotnikova ),( Michel Cyr ),( Aki Laakso ),( Alexander D. Macrae ),( Gonzalo E. Torres ),( Kyeong Man Kim ),( Robert J. Lefkowitz ),( Marc G. Caro 전남대학교 약품개발연구소 2003 약품개발연구지 Vol.12 No.-
What is the interobserver agreement of displaced humeral surgical neck fracture patterns?
Reinier W. A. Spek,Laura J. Kim,Traumaplatform 3D Consortium 대한견주관절의학회 2022 대한견주관절의학회지 Vol.25 No.4
Background: The Boileau classification distinguishes three surgical neck fracture patterns: types A, B, and C. However, the reproducibility of this classification on plain radiographs is unclear. Therefore, we questioned what the interobserver agreement and accuracy of displaced surgical neck fracture patterns is categorized according to the modified Boileau classification. Does the reliability to recognize these fracture patterns differ between orthopedic residents and attending surgeons? Methods: This interobserver study consisted of a randomly retrieved series of 30 plain radiographs representing clinical practice in a level 1 and a level 2 trauma center. Radiographs were included from patients (≥18 years) who sustained an isolated displaced surgical neck fracture if they were taken ≤1 week after initial injury. A ground truth was established by consensus among three senior orthopedic surgeons. All images were assessed by 17 orthopedic residents and 17 attending orthopedic trauma surgeons. Results: Agreement for the modified Boileau classification was fair (κ=0.37; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.36–0.38) with an accuracy of 62% (95% CI, 57%–66%). Comparison of interobserver variability between residents and attending surgeons revealed a significant but clinically irrelevant difference in favor of attending surgeons (0.34 vs. 0.39, respectively, Δ κ=0.05, 95% CI, 0.02–0.07). Conclusions: The modified Boileau classification yields a low interobserver agreement with an unsatisfactory accuracy in a panel of orthopedic residents and attending surgeons. This supports the hypothesis that surgical neck fractures are challenging to categorize and that this classification should not be used to determine prognosis if only plain radiographs are available.