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조현준,나윤중,임형순,엄서호 한국문화관광학회 2001 문화관광연구 Vol.3 No.1
IT has an influence on the travel agency as chance and threat. The purpose of this study is to find what profit model of cyber travel agency. Ernst&Young's five business profit models that are based on target audience and transaction focus is selected to evaluated existing model of cyber travel agency. Those are off-line facilitator, gateway, context provider, commerce destination, online exchange. The result of this study show that there is no specific profit model in domestic cyber and on-offline travel agencies. Just Portal cyber travel agencies abroad have a few profit model. They have online exchange model, which are various target audience and abound provide contents.
홍의실,나병규,김민옥,유일영,채지영,채희복,윤세진,이상전,송형근,박길선,정현용 충남대학교 의과대학 의학연구소 2002 충남의대잡지 Vol.29 No.2
대장 지방종은 주로 우측 결장에 호발하고 특히 회맹판 부위와 맹장 부위에 호발한다. 또한 50~60대에 빈도가 높고 증상이 있는 환자에서 장중첩증이 높게는 40~50%에서 보고되고 있어 성인 장중첩증의 원인으로 중요한 비중을 차지한다. 특히 성인 장중첩증 및 장폐쇄의 중요 원인인 악성 종양과 임상 양상이 유사하여 감별진단이 중요하다. 저자들은 반복적인 복통을 주소로 내원한 환자에서 맹장의 4×5㎝의 점막하 지방종이 말단 회장부위와 반복적인 장중첩중이 발생했던 1례를 부분 절제술로 치료하여 양호한 임상 경과를 경험하였기에 문헌 고찰과 함께 보고하는 바이다. Lipomas are one of the most common benign nonepithelial tumors of the colon which are often detected incidentally by radiologic investigation or on operation. These tumors are usually without specific symptoms. Colonic lipomas occur most often in the right colon, particularly in the ileocecal valve and the cecum. Most patients are asymptomatic. but tumors larger than 2 cm tend to produce a change in bowel habit. abdominal pain. rectorrhagia and complications including luminal obstruction or intestinal intussusception. Diagnosis can be made by colonoscopy abdominal CT. MRI, or barium enema. We report a case of lipoma of the cecum that originated in the submucosa and presented as a intussusception in a 50-year-old woman with a brief review of the literature.
National Survey Regarding the Management of Difficult Bile Duct Stones in South Korea
Lee Yoon Suk,Jeon Tae Joo,Paik Woo Hyun,Ahn Dong-Won,Chung Kwang Hyun,Son Byoung Kwan,Song Tae Jun,Moon Sung-Hoon,Lee Eaum Seok,Lee Jae Min,Yoon Seung Bae,Paik Chang Nyol,Lee Yun Nah,Park Jin-Seok,Lee 거트앤리버 소화기연관학회협의회 2023 Gut and Liver Vol.17 No.3
Background/Aims: This study aimed to investigate the patterns of preferred endoscopic procedure types and techniques for managing difficult common bile duct (CBD) stones in South Korea. Methods: The Committee of Policy and Quality Management of Korean Pancreatobiliary Association (KPBA) conducted a survey containing 19 questions. Both paper and online surveys were carried out; with the paper survey being conducted during the 2019 Annual Congress of KPBA and the online survey being conducted through Google Forms from April 2020 to February 2021. Results: The response rate was approximately 41.3% (86/208). Sixty-two (73.0%) worked at tertiary hospitals or academic medical centers, and 60 (69.7%) had more than 5 years of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography experience. The preferred size criteria for large CBD stones were 15 mm (40.6%), 20 mm (31.3%), and 30 mm (4.6%). For managing of large CBD stones, endoscopic papillary large balloon dilation after endoscopic sphincterotomy was the most preferred technique (74.4%). When performing procedures in those with bleeding diathesis, 64 (74.4%) respondents favored endoscopic papillary balloon dilation (EPBD) alone or EPBD with small endoscopic sphincterotomy. Fifty-five respondents (63.9%) preferred the doubleguidewire technique when faced with difficult bile duct cannulation in patients with periampullary diverticulum. In surgically altered anatomies, cap-fitted forward viewing endoscopy (76.7%) and percutaneous transhepatic cholangioscopy (48.8%) were the preferred techniques for Billroth-II anastomosis and total gastrectomy with Roux-en-Y anastomosis, respectively. Conclusions: Most respondents showed unifying trends for the management of difficult CBD stones. The current practice patterns could be used as basic data for clinical quality improvements in the management of difficult CBD stones.
Lee, Hwayoung,Nah, Seong-Su,Chang, Sung-Hae,Kim, Hyung-Ki,Kwon, Jun-Tack,Lee, Sanghyun,Cho, Ik-Hyun,Lee, Sang Won,Kim, Young Ock,Hong, Seung-Jae,Kim, Hak-Jae SPANDIDOS PUBLICATIONS 2017 MOLECULAR MEDICINE REPORTS Vol. No.
<P>The clinical symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) present with circadian variation, with joint stiffness and pain more prominent in the early morning. The mammalian clock genes, which include circadian locomotor output cycles kaput, brain and muscle Arnt-like protein 1, period and cryptochrome, regulate circadian rhythms. In order to identify the association between genetic polymorphisms in the circadian clock gene period 2 (PER2) and RA, the present study genotyped three PER2 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), rs934945, rs6754875, and rs2304674, using genetic information from 256 RA patients and 499 control subjects. Primary cultured rheumatoid synovial cells were stimulated with 10 mu M lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Total protein was then extracted from the synovial cells following 12 and 24 h, and PER2 protein expression was assayed by immunoblotting. The rs2304674 SNP demonstrated a significant association with susceptibility to RA following Bonferroni correction. However, statistical analysis indicated that the SNPs were not associated with any clinical features of patients with RA. Immunoblotting analysis demonstrated that PER2 protein expression was decreased by LPS-induced inflammation in RA synovial cells; however, this was not observed in normal synovial cells. The results suggest that the PER2 gene may be a risk factor for RA, and expression of the PER2 protein may be affected by inflammation. Therefore, PER2 may contribute to the pathogenesis of RA.</P>
Predictive Value of Pulse Pressure in Acute Ischemic Stroke for Future Major Vascular Events
Lee, Keon-Joo,Kim, Beom Joon,Han, Moon-Ku,Kim, Joon-Tae,Cho, Ki-Hyun,Shin, Dong-Ick,Yeo, Min-Ju,Cha, Jae-Kwan,Kim, Dae-Hyun,Nah, Hyun-Wook,Kim, Dong-Eog,Ryu, Wi-Sun,Park, Jong-Moo,Kang, Kyusik,Lee, So Ovid Technologies Wolters Kluwer -American Heart A 2018 Stroke Vol.49 No.1
<P>Conclusions-Our study shows that PP when measured in the acute period of ischemic stroke has nonlinear J-shaped relationships with major vascular events and stroke recurrence, and may have a stronger predictive power than other commonly used BP parameters.</P>
( Hyun Jong Choi ),( Jong Ho Moon ),( Yun Nah Lee ),( Hee Jae Jung ),( Hyun Su Kim ),( Tae Hoon Lee ),( Sang Woo Cha ),( Young Deok Cho ),( Sang Heum Park ),( Sun Joo Kim ) 대한내과학회 2014 대한내과학회 추계학술대회 Vol.2014 No.1
Background: Direct peroral cholangioscopy (POC) using an ultra-slim upper endoscope can provide high-resolutional images of the bile duct. Therefore, direct POC may detectobscure bile duct lesions in preceding imaging modalities including computed tomography, magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography, and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography. The aim of this study was to evaluate the usefullness of direct POC using an ultra-slim upper endoscope after endoscopic extraction of choledocholithiais. Methods: Total 207 patients have undergone direct POC to evaluate the bile duct after endoscopic extraction of choledocholithiasis. All included patients had dilated extrahepatic bile duct more than 10 mm and were undergone endoscopic sphincteroplasty before POC. Patients with defi ned bile duct lesions in preceding imaging modalities were excluded in this study. Abnormal POC fi ndings were evaluated by usingnarrow band imaging and by forceps biopsy under endoscopic guidance, if possible. Results: Direct POC was successful in 199 patients (96.1%). Abnormal bile duct lesions were detected in 31 patients (15.6%) including 1 malignant stricture, 3 villous mucosal lesions, 2 papillary mucosal lesions, 14 polypoid mucosal lesions and 11 benign strictures. POC-guided forceps biopsy was successful in 28/31 patients (90.3%) with tissue adequacy for the histologic evaluation in 24/31 (77.4%). final diagnosis by histopathologic evaluation of abnormal bile duct lesions were 4 cholangiocarcinomas, 2 intraductal papillary neoplasms in the bile duct with dysplasia, 1 bile duct adenoma with dysplasia, 10 infiammatory polyps and 7 benign biliary strictures. Cholangitis conservatively managed was occurred in one patient (0.5%) after direct POC. No other signifi cant direct POC-related adverse events were occurred. Conclusions: Bile duct evaluation with direct POC after endoscopic extraction of choledocholithiasis can be helpful to detect small bile duct lesions that were obscure or overlooking in preceding imaging modalities.
Lee, Jun-Ho,Jeong, Sang-Min,Lee, Byung-Hwan,Kim, Dong-Hyun,Kim, Jong-Hoon,Kim, Jai-Il,Lee, Sang-Mok,Nah, Seung-Yeol The Pharmaceutical Society of Korea 2003 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.26 No.10
Ginsenosides, major active ingredients of Panax ginseng, that exhibit various pharmacological and physiological actions are transformed into compound K (CK) or M4 by intestinal microorganisms. CK is a metabolite derived from protopanaxadiol (PD) ginsenosides, whereas M4 is a metabolite derived from protopanaxatriol (PT) ginsenosides. Recent reports shows that ginsenosides might playa role as pro-drugs for these metabolites. In present study, we investigated the effect of bovine serum albumin (BSA), which is one of major binding proteins on various neurotransmitters, hormones, and other pharmacological agents, on ginsenoside $Rg_{2-}$, CK-, or M4-induced regulation of $\alpha3\beta4$ nicotinic acetylcholine (ACh) receptor channel activity expressed in Xenopus oocytes. In the absence of BSA, treatment of ACh elicited inward peak current ($I_{Ach}$) in oocytes expressing $\alpha3\beta4$ nicotinic ACh receptor. Co-treatment of ginsenoside $Rg_2$, CK, or M4 with ACh inhibited IAch in oocytes expressing $\alpha3\beta4$ nicotinic ACh receptor with reversible and dose-dependent manner. In the presence of 1% BSA, treatment of ACh still elicited $I_{Ach}$ in oocytes expressing $\alpha3\beta4$ nicotinic ACh receptor and co-treatment of ginsenoside $Rg_2$ or M4 but not CK with ACh inhibited $I_{Ach}$ in oocytes expressing $\alpha3\beta4$ nicotinic ACh receptor with reversible and dose-dependent manner. These results show that BSA interferes the action of CK rather than M4 on the inhibitory effect of $I_{Ach}$ in oocytes expressing $\alpha3\beta4$ nicotinic ACh receptor and further suggest that BSA exhibits a differential interaction on ginsenoside metabolites.
Characteristics of ginsenoside Rg3-mediated brain Na+ current inhibition.
Lee, Jun-Ho,Jeong, Sang Min,Kim, Jong-Hoon,Lee, Byung-Hwan,Yoon, In-Soo,Lee, Joon-Hee,Choi, Sun-Hye,Kim, Dong-Hyun,Rhim, Hyewhon,Kim, Sung Soo,Kim, Jai-Il,Jang, Choon-Gon,Song, Jin-Ho,Nah, Seung-Yeol American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental 2005 Molecular pharmacology Vol.68 No.4
<P>We demonstrated previously that ginsenoside Rg(3) (Rg(3)), an active ingredient of Panax ginseng, inhibits brain-type Na(+) channel activity. In this study, we sought to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying Rg(3)-induced Na(+) channel inhibition. We used the two-microelectrode voltage-clamp technique to investigate the effect of Rg(3) on Na(+) currents (I(Na)) in Xenopus laevis oocytes expressing wild-type rat brain Na(V)1.2 alpha and beta1 subunits, or mutants in the channel entrance, the pore region, the lidocaine/tetrodotoxin (TTX) binding sites, the S4 voltage sensor segments of domains I to IV, and the Ile-Phe-Met inactivation cluster. In oocytes expressing wild-type Na(+) channels, Rg(3) induced tonic and use-dependent inhibitions of peak I(Na). The Rg(3)-induced tonic inhibition of I(Na) was voltage-dependent, dose-dependent, and reversible, with an IC(50) value of 32 +/- 6 microM. Rg(3) treatment produced a 11.2 +/- 3.5 mV depolarizing shift in the activation voltage but did not alter the steady-state inactivation voltage. Mutations in the channel entrance, pore region, lidocaine/TTX binding sites, or voltage sensor segments did not affect Rg(3)-induced tonic blockade of peak I(Na). However, Rg(3) treatment inhibited the peak and plateau I(Na) in the IFMQ3 mutant, indicating that Rg(3) inhibits both the resting and open states of Na(+) channel. Neutralization of the positive charge at position 859 of voltage sensor segment domain II abolished the Rg(3)-induced activation voltage shift and use-dependent inhibition. These results reveal that Rg(3) is a novel Na(+) channel inhibitor capable of acting on the resting and open states of Na(+) channel via interactions with the S4 voltage-sensor segment of domain II.</P>
( Hyun Su Kim ),( Jong Ho Moon ),( Yun Nah Lee ),( Hyun Jong Choi ),( Hyun Woo Lee ),( Hee Kyung Kim ),( Tae Hoon Lee ),( Moon Han Choi ),( Sang-woo Cha ),( Young Deok Cho ),( Sang-heum Park ) 대한간학회 2018 Gut and Liver Vol.12 No.4
Background/Aims: In suspected malignant biliary strictures (MBSs), the diagnostic yield of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP)-based tissue sampling is limited. Transpapillary forceps biopsy (TPB) under intraductal ultrasonography (IDUS) guidance is expected to improve the diagnostic accuracy in patients with indeterminate biliary strictures. We evaluated the usefulness of IDUS-guided TPB in patients with suspected MBS. Methods: Consecutive patients with suspected MBS were prospectively enrolled in the study. ERCP with IDUS was performed in all patients. Both conventional TPB and IDUS-guided TPB on fluoroscopy were performed in each patient. The primary outcome was the diagnostic accuracy of conventional TPB and IDUS-guided TPB. Results: The technical success rate of IDUS-guided TPB was 97.0% (65/67 patients). Of these 65 patients, the final diagnosis was malignancy in 61 patients (93.8%). On IDUS, the most common finding of IDUS was an intraductal infiltrating lesion in 29 patients (47.5%). The overall diagnostic accuracy was significantly higher using IDUS-guided TPB than that using conventional TPB (90.8% vs 76.9%, p=0.027). According to the subgroup analysis based on the tumor morphology, IDUS-guided TPB had a significantly higher cancer detection rate than conventional TPB for intraductal infiltrating lesions (89.6% vs 65.5%, p=0.028). Conclusions: IDUS-guided TPB appears to improve the accuracy of histological diagnosis in patients with MBS. (Gut Liver 2018;12:463-470)