Interaction of silver(I) and copper(I) with an O₂S₂-macrocycle - A comparative structural study

Kim, S.,Lee, E.,Lee, S.Y.,Lee, S.S.,Lindoy, L.F. Elsevier Sequoia [etc.] 2014 Inorganica chimica acta Vol.417 No.-

The 14-membered O<SUB>2</SUB>S<SUB>2</SUB>-macrocycle L reacts with AgPF<SUB>6</SUB> in acetonitrile/dichloromethane (1:1) to yield the cyclic, double S-Ag-S bridged complex, [Ag<SUB>2</SUB>L<SUB>2</SUB>(CH<SUB>3</SUB>CN)<SUB>4</SUB>](PF<SUB>6</SUB>)<SUB>2</SUB> (2), in which each Ag(I) is bound to two exo-oriented S donors arising from different macrocycles to form a 12-membered, di-Ag metallacycle. Two PF<SUB>6</SUB><SUP>-</SUP> ions form weak intramolecular contacts [Ag...F, 2.925(2)A] between the Ag centres in a bridging bidentate fashion. The coordination sphere of each Ag is completed by two weakly bound acetonitrile molecules. The respective macrocyclic ligands are arranged trans to the mean plane through the metallacycle. When the above synthetic procedure was repeated employing methanol/dichloromethane (1:1) as solvent, a complex of type [Ag<SUB>2</SUB>L<SUB>2</SUB>](PF<SUB>6</SUB>)<SUB>2</SUB> (3) was obtained whose structure incorporates a similar 12-membered metallacycle but with the respective macrocyclic rings now oriented towards the same side of the metallacyclic plane. The reaction of L with AgCF<SUB>3</SUB>SO<SUB>3</SUB> yields [Ag<SUB>2</SUB>L<SUB>2</SUB>(CF<SUB>3</SUB>SO<SUB>3</SUB>)<SUB>2</SUB>].2CH<SUB>3</SUB>CN (4) whose structure resembles that of [Ag<SUB>2</SUB>L<SUB>2</SUB>(CH<SUB>3</SUB>CN)<SUB>4</SUB>](PF<SUB>6</SUB>)<SUB>2</SUB> (2); each complex unit incorporates a di-Ag(I) 12-membered metallacycle, with symmetrical bridging bidentate CF<SUB>3</SUB>SO<SUB>3</SUB><SUP>-</SUP> ions weakly linking Ag centres. Long Ag1...Ag1C contacts are present between pairs of complex units. Reaction of Cu(CH<SUB>3</SUB>CN)<SUB>4</SUB>PF<SUB>6</SUB> (one equiv.) with L in methanol/dichloromethane (1:1) resulted in isolation of [CuL<SUB>2</SUB>]PF<SUB>6</SUB> (5) incorporating a distorted tetrahedral S<SUB>4</SUB>-coordination sphere, with each macrocycle binding as a bidentate ligand via its two (exo-orientated) S atoms. In contrast, reaction of [Cu(CH<SUB>3</SUB>CN)<SUB>4</SUB>]PF<SUB>6</SUB> (two equiv.) with L in either acetonitrile/dichloromethane (1:1) or methanol/dichloromethane (1:1) yielded [Cu<SUB>2</SUB>L<SUB>3</SUB>]PF<SUB>6</SUB> (6) in which the Cu(I) centres are bound exo to the macrocyclic cavity by individual S-donors from one L, with the coordination sphere of each Cu(I) completed by out-of-plane binding of the S<SUB>2</SUB>O donors from a second L. Unsymmetrical F...Cu contacts from a PF<SUB>6</SUB><SUP>-</SUP> anion weakly link the pair of Cu centres in a bridging bidentate fashion.

Reduction of d-lactate content in sauerkraut using starter cultures of recombinant Leuconostoc mesenteroides expressing the ldhL gene

Jin, Q.,Li, L.,Moon, J.S.,Cho, S.K.,Kim, Y.J.,Lee, S.J.,Han, N.S. Society for Bioscience and Bioengineering, Japan ; 2016 Journal of bioscience and bioengineering Vol.121 No.5

<P>The n-form of lactate, which causes metabolic stress upon excessive dietary intake, is mainly produced by Leuconostoc sp., the predominant species in sauerkraut. To shift the metabolic flux of D-lactate from pyruvate to L-lactate, we expressed the L-lactate dehydrogenase (ldhL) gene in Leuconostoc mesenteroides ATCC 8293. The IdhL gene from Lactobacillus plantarum was introduced into L. mesenteroides using the shuttle vectors pLeuCM and pLeuCM42. To elevate the expression level of IdhL in L. mesenteroides, the nucleotides for pyruvate kinase promoter were fused to IdhL and cloned into above vectors to construct pLC18pkL and pLC42pkL. As results, introduction of pLC42pkL in L. mesenteroides significantly improved both L-LDH activity and L-lactate productivity during fermentation, decreasing the D-/L-lactate ratio. When used as a starter culture for sauerkraut fermentation, recombinant L. mesenteroides harboring pLC42pkL increased L-lactate concentration and decreased D-lactate concentration compared to the wild type strain. We newly developed a recombinant L. mesenteroides which has high L-lactate dehydrogenase activity and applied this strain to minimize the harmful effect of D-lactate during the sauerkraut fermentation. To the best of our knowledge, we demonstrate for the first time the effective use of recombinant Leuconostoc sp. for quality improvement of fermented foods. (C) 2015, The Society for Biotechnology, Japan. All rights reserved.</P>

한국 연안에서 Mussel(Mytilus edulis)의 중금속의 생물 농축

이인숙,송준임,박경숙,최병래,노분조 이화여자대학교 생명과학연구소 1995 생명과학연구논문집 Vol.6 No.-

본 연구는 남한 연안의 오염도를 파악하기 위해 마산만, 온산만, 대산공업 단지 및 비오염구에서 해수, 퇴적물 및 진주담치의 구리, 납, 아연 및 카드뮴의 농도를 조사하였다. 해수의 용존성 구리, 납, 아연 및 카드뮴의 농두는 각각 0.29~0.79 ㎍/l, 0.03~0.08 ㎍/l, 0.19~2.01 ㎍/l, 0.01~0.05 ㎍/l 범위를 나타냈으며, 납(p<0.001)과 아연 농도(p<0.01)는 오염구와 비오염구 간에 유의적인 차이가 있었다, 퇴적물의 구리, 납, 아연 및 카드뮴의 농도는 13~55 ㎍/g, 26~101 ㎍/g, 51~263 ㎍/g, 0.8~2.2 ㎍/g 범위를 모였으며, 오염구와 비오염구 사이에 카드뮴 농도는 유의적인 차이를 나타냈다(p<0.05). 진주담치의 구리, 납, 아연 및 카드뮴 농도는 0.69~2.27 ㎍/g, 0.29~1.50 ㎍/g, 13.57~52.90 ㎍/g, 0.09~0.85 ㎍/g 범위로 나타났고, 각 중금속 농도가 오염구와 비오염구 사이에 유의적인 차이를 보이지 않았다. 본 연구에서 오염구에 있는 진주담치의 중금속 농도는 자연 상태인 비오염구에서의 농도와 유사한 값으로 이는 연안 해수가 중금속에 의해 크게 오염되지 않은 것으로 사료된다. This study was carried out to investigate the concentration of Cu, Pb, Zn and Cd in seawater, sediments and Mytilus edulis at Massan Bay, Onsan Bay, Daesan industrial complex and unpolluted area for the degree of contamination on the coast of Korea. The concentrations of dissolved Cu, Pb, Zn and Cd in seawater showed the ranges of 0.29~0.79 ㎍/l, 0.03~0.08 ㎍/l, 0.19~2.01 ㎍/l, 0.01~0.05 ㎍/l, respectively. The concentrations of Pb(p<0.001) and Zn(p<0.01) showed the significant difference between the concentrations of unpolluted area. There were the ranges of 13~55 ㎍/g, 26~101 ㎍/g, 51~263 ㎍/g and 0.8~2.2 ㎍/g in the concentration of Cu, Pb, Zn and Cd of sediments. The concentrations of Cu were significantly different between the contaminated and unpolluted area. The concentration of Cu, Pb, Zn and Cd, in the Mythilus edulis showed the ranges of 0.69~2.27 ㎍/g, 0.29~1.50 ㎍/g, 13.57~52.90 ㎍/g and 0.09~0.85 ㎍/g respectively. These concentrations of trace metal in Mytilus edulis were not significantly different with sites. Trace metal contents of Mytilus edulis in the contaminated site were similar th those in the unpolluted area. This is thought that metal concentration in coastal seawater were not relatively serious.

만성 임파성 백혈병 1 예 보고와 문헌 고찰

박승광 ( S. K. Park ),유수웅 ( S. W. You ),이봉재 ( B. J. Lee ),성락훈 ( L. H. Sung ) 대한내과학회 1972 대한내과학회지 Vol.15 No.2

The purpose of this report is to illustrate the long course and rarity of C.L.L. in Korea. This is the first case of C.L.L. among 107 all leukemia during the past 10 years in National Medical Center. Variation in the incidence of C.L.L. are compared to oth

Wound healing potential of antibacterial microneedles loaded with green tea extracts

Park, S.Y.,Lee, H.U.,Lee, Y.C.,Kim, G.H.,Park, E.C.,Han, S.H.,Lee, J.G.,Choi, S.,Heo, N.S.,Kim, D.L.,Huh, Y.S.,Lee, J. Elsevier 2014 Materials Science and Engineering C Vol.42 No.-

This study evaluates the utility of an antibacterial microneedle composed of green tea (GT) extract and hyaluronic acid (HA), for the efficient delivery of GT. These microneedles have the potential to be a patient-friendly method for the conventional sustained release of drugs. In this study, a fabrication method using a mold-based technique to produce GT/HA microneedles with a maximum area of ~50mm<SUP>2</SUP> with antibacterial properties was used to manufacture transdermal drug delivery systems. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometry was carried out to observe the potential modifications in the microneedles, when incorporated with GT. The degradation rate of GT in GT/HA microneedles was controlled simply by adjusting the HA composition. The effects of different ratios of GT in the HA microneedles were determined by measuring the release properties. In HA microneedles loaded with 70% GT (GT70), a continuous higher release rate was sustained for 72h. The in vitro cytotoxicity assays demonstrated that GT/HA microneedles were not generally cytotoxic to Chinese hamster ovary cells (CHO-K1), human embryonic kidney cells (293T), and mouse muscle cells (C2C12), which were treated for 12 and 24h. Antimicrobial activity of the GT/HA microneedles was demonstrated by ~95% growth reduction of gram negative [Escherichia coli (E. coli), Pseudomonas putida (P. putida), and Salmonella typhimurium (S. typhimurium)] and gram positive bacteria [Staphylococcus aureus (S. Aureus) and Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis)], with GT70. Furthermore, GT/HA microneedles reduced bacterial growth of infected wound sites in the skin and improved wound healing process of skin in rat model.

Local electronic structure of Mn dopants in ZnO probed by resonant inelastic x-ray scattering

Chang, G S,Kurmaev, E Z,Jung, S W,Kim, H-J,Yi, G-C,Lee, S-I,Yablonskikh, M V,Pedersen, T M,Moewes, A,Finkelstein, L D IOP Pub 2007 Journal of physics, an Institute of Physics journa Vol.19 No.27

<P>The electronic structure of Mn dopants in ZnO epitaxial thin films synthesized at different temperatures has been investigated using resonant inelastic x-ray scattering. The resulting Mn L<SUB>2,3</SUB> x-ray emission spectra of Zn<SUB>0.8</SUB>Mn<SUB>0.2</SUB>O (resonantly excited at L<SUB>2</SUB> and L<SUB>3</SUB> absorption edges) reveal different spectral features depending on the growth temperature of the films. The relative integral intensity ratio of Mn L<SUB>2</SUB> to Mn L<SUB>3</SUB> emission lines is greatly suppressed in the case of nonmagnetic Zn<SUB>0.8</SUB>Mn<SUB>0.2</SUB>O grown at 700 °C due to L<SUB>2</SUB>L<SUB>3</SUB>M<SUB>4,5</SUB> Coster–Kronig transitions. The ferromagnetic sample grown at 600 °C exhibits a normal oxide structure. The results suggest that a high growth temperature causes direct Mn–Mn bonds from the segregation of Mn atoms in ZnO. Therefore the disappearance of ferromagnetism in Mn-doped ZnO can be attributed to antiferromagnetic Mn–Mn exchange interactions due to the inhomogeneous local environment around the Mn impurities.</P>

Phase II study of S-1 combined with oxaliplatin as therapy for patients with metastatic biliary tract cancer: influence of the <i>CYP2A6</i> polymorphism on pharmacokinetics and clinical activity

Kim, K-p,Jang, G,Hong, Y S,Lim, H-S,Bae, K-s,Kim, H-S,Lee, S S,Shin, J-G,Lee, J-L,Ryu, M-H,Chang, H-M,Kang, Y-K,Kim, T W Nature Publishing Group 2011 The British journal of cancer Vol.104 No.4

<P><B>Background:</B></P><P>Advanced biliary cancer is often treated with fluoropyrimidine-based chemotherapy. In this study, we evaluated the efficacy and tolerability of a combination of S-1, an oral fluoropyrimidine prodrug, and oxaliplatin in patients with metastatic biliary cancer.</P><P><B>Methods:</B></P><P>Patients with histologically confirmed metastatic biliary cancer and no history of radiotherapy or chemotherapy were enrolled. Oxaliplatin was administered intravenously (130 mg m<SUP>−2</SUP>), followed by 14-day administration of oral S-1 (40 mg m<SUP>−2</SUP> twice daily) with a subsequent 7-day rest period every 21 days. Pharmacokinetic analysis of S-1 was performed at cycle 1. Patients were genotyped for <I>CYP2A6</I> polymorphisms (<SUP>*</SUP>1, <SUP>*</SUP>4, <SUP>*</SUP>7, <SUP>*</SUP>9 or <SUP>*</SUP>10), and pharmacokinetic and clinical parameters compared according to the <I>CYP2A6</I> genotype.</P><P><B>Results:</B></P><P>In total, 49 patients were evaluated, who received a median of four cycles. The overall response rate was 24.5%. Median progression-free and overall survival was 3.7 and 8.7 months, respectively. The most common haematological grade 3 out of 4 toxicity was neutropenia (14%), while non-hematological grade 3 out of 4 toxicities included anorexia (14%), nausea (12%), asthenia (10%), vomiting (10%), and diarrhoea (4%). Biotransformation of S-1 (AUC<SUB>0−24 h</SUB> of 5-fluorouracil/AUC<SUB>0−24 h</SUB> of tegafur) was 1.85-fold higher for the <I>*1/*1</I> group than for the other groups (90% confidence interval 1.37–2.49). Diarrhoea (<I>P</I>=0.0740), neutropenia (<I>P</I>=0.396), and clinical efficacy (response rate, <I>P</I>=0.583; PFS, <I>P</I>=0.916) were not significantly associated with <I>CYP2A6</I> genotype, despite differences in 5-FU exposure.</P><P><B>Conclusion:</B></P><P>The combination of S-1 and oxaliplatin appears to be active and well tolerated in patients with metastatic biliary cancer, and thus is feasible as a therapeutic modality. <I>CYP2A6</I> genotypes are associated with differences in the biotransformation of S-1. However, the impact of the <I>CYP2A6</I> polymorphism on variations in clinical efficacy or toxicity requires further evaluation.</P>

Toroidal rotation profile structure in KSTAR L-mode plasmas with mixed heating by NBI and ECH

Shi, Y.J.,Ko, S.H.,Kwon, J.M.,Ko, W.H.,Diamond, P.H.,Yi, S.,Ida, K.,Lee, K.D.,Jeong, J.H.,Seo, S.H.,Hahn, S.H.,Yoon, S.W.,Bae, Y.S.,Terzolo, L.,Yun, G.S.,Bitter, M.,Hill, K. IOP 2016 Nuclear fusion Vol.56 No.1

<P>The structure of the toroidal rotation profile with mixed heating by neutral beam injection (NBI) and electron cyclotron resonance heating (ECH) has been investigated in KSTAR L-mode plasmas. ECH with varying resonance layer positions was used for heating a mix control. The experimental results show that ECH causes a counter-current rotation increment both for off-axis and on-axis ECH heating. For L-mode plasmas, off-axis ECH produces larger counter-current rotation than on-axis ECH. Analysis of ion heat and momentum transport for the ECH L-mode plasmas shows that the electron temperature gradient is the main reason for the degradation of ion heat confinement and also the main driving force for the non-diffusive momentum flux. As a possible mechanism for the counter-current intrinsic torque with ECH, the transition of the turbulence mode from ion temperature gradient (ITG) to the trapped electron mode (TEM) with the resulting sign change of turbulence driven residual stress is suggested. A linear gyro-kinetic analysis shows the ITG  →  TEM transition occurs in a localized region during ECH injection, and the trend of TEM excitation is consistent with the observed macroscopic trend of the toroidal rotation.</P>

Effect of Phytogenic Feed Additives in Soybean Meal on In vitro Swine Fermentation for Odor Reduction and Bacterial Community Comparison

Alam, M.J.,Mamuad, L.L.,Kim, S.H.,Jeong, C.D.,Sung, H.G.,Cho, S.B.,Jeon, C.O.,Lee, K.,Lee, Sang Suk Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2013 Animal Bioscience Vol.26 No.2

The effect of different phytogenic feed additives on reducing odorous compounds in swine was investigated using in vitro fermentation and analyzed their microbial communities. Soybean meal (1%) added with 0.1% different phytogenic feed additives (FA) were in vitro fermented using swine fecal slurries and anaerobically incubated for 12 and 24 h. The phytogenic FAs used were red ginseng barn powder (Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer, FA1), persimmon leaf powder (Diospyros virginiana L., FA2), ginkgo leaf powder (Ginkgo biloba L., FA3), and oregano lippia seed oil extract (Lippia graveolens Kunth, OL, FA4). Total gas production, pH, ammonianitrogen ($NH_3$-N), hydrogen sulfide ($H_2S$), nitrite-nitrogen ($NO_2{^-}$-N), nitrate-nitrogen ($NO_3{^-}$-N), sulfate (${SO_4}^{--}$), volatile fatty acids (VFA) and other metabolites concentration were determined. Microbial communities were also analyzed using 16S rRNA DGGE. Results showed that the pH values on all treatments increased as incubation time became longer except for FA4 where it decreased. Moreover, FA4 incubated for 12 and 24 h was not detected in $NH_3$-N and $H_2S$. Addition of FAs decreased (p<0.05) propionate production but increased (p<0.05) the total VFA production. Ten 16S rRNA DGGE bands were identified which ranged from 96 to 100% identity which were mostly isolated from the intestine. Similarity index showed three clearly different clusters: I (FA2 and FA3), II (Con and FA1), and III (FA4). Dominant bands which were identified closest to Eubacterium limosum (ATCC 8486T), Uncultured bacterium clone PF6641 and Streptococcus lutetiensis (CIP 106849T) were present only in the FA4 treatment group and were not found in other groups. FA4 had a different bacterial diversity compared to control and other treatments and thus explains having lowest odorous compounds. Addition of FA4 to an enriched protein feed source for growing swine may effectively reduce odorous compounds which are typically associated with swine production.

국내 분리 일본뇌염 바이러스 유전자에 대한 항체생성 연구(Ⅰ) : cloning of JEV viral genes

박찬,최우영,이호동,채수림,신은진,김인범,표재환,박근용,조해월 국립보건연구원 1999 국립보건원보 Vol.36 No.-