Endocrine Disruptive Potentials in Surface Water Samples from Taihu Lake, Yangtze Delta

Shen, L.,Lin, G.F.,Shen, J.H. Korean Society of ToxicologyKorea Environmental Mu 2001 Toxicological Research Vol.17 No.-

Taihu Lake is a major water source for part of Yangtze Delta, which is one of the most urbanized and economically prosperous areas in China. In last couple of decades, some parts of the lake were highly polluted due to eutrophication. This study analyzed dioxin-like potential and mutagenic potential in surface water samples from Taihu Lake. The samples were prepared by XAD-2 resin procedure. A batch of biological assays, including dioxin-like potential microassay with the rat hepatocyte cell line H411E, and Ames test was employed in the research. Results showed that jour water samples have high content of dioxin-like biological potential, the highest activity TEQ to 2,3,7,8-TCDD was 48 pg/ι in sample 1. The mutagenic effect with reading-frame shifting mechanism was confirmed in 3 of 4 samples. The effective sewage treatment facilities and reliable monitoring surveillance system are urgently needed for this area.

Charge transfer bands of Mo-O and photoluminescence properties of micro-material Y₂MoO₆:Eu³⁺ red phosphor

Wang, M.,Zhang, H.,Li, L.,Liu, X.,Hong, F.,Li, R.,Song, H.,Gui, M.,Shen, J.,Zhu, W.,Wang, J.,Zhou, L.,Jeong, J.H. Elsevier Sequoia 2014 JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS Vol.585 No.-

Eu<SUP>3+</SUP> activated micrometer Y<SUB>2</SUB>MoO<SUB>6</SUB> phosphors with strong red emission bands, under a broad-band excitation wavelength range of 340-400nm, have been prepared by solid-state reaction and sol-gel technique. The photoluminescence indicates that the materials exhibit a characteristic red emission peak of Eu<SUP>3+</SUP> ions at 612nm. Compared with the material obtained by sol-gel method, the Y<SUB>2</SUB>MoO<SUB>6</SUB>:Eu prepared using solid state method showed much stronger red emission under the n-UV excitation. The broad excitation bands are assigned to charge transfer (CT) bands originating from the ligands (O) to the central ions Mo<SUP>6+</SUP>. About 12nm shift of excitation bands in Y<SUB>2</SUB>MoO<SUB>6</SUB>:Eu was found. With a decrease of the crystalline size, the excitation bands of O-Mo CT shift to the short wavelength. The origin of CT shift in macromaterial Y<SUB>2</SUB>MoO<SUB>6</SUB>:Eu was investigated quantitatively from the chemical bond viewpoint. All constituent chemical bonds in the crystal with or without oxygen vacancy were considered. The changes of average energy gap of the chemical bond Mo-O and the environmental factor (h<SUB>e</SUB>) surrounding Mo<SUP>6+</SUP> ions in the crystals were discussed quantitatively. Calculated results from two different methods analysis specifications showed that the origin of CT blue-shifts mainly come from the vacancies of O6 sites within the crystals.

COLOR REPRESENTATION OF TEXTILE FABRIC USING MULTISPECTRAL IMAGING TECHNOLOGY

L Luo,S J Shao,H L Shen,J H Xin 한국색채학회 2011 한국색채학회 학술대회 Vol.2011 No.10

As the normal colour measurement method of using a spectrophotometer is impossible to measure colours of multi-coloured textiles fabric samples such as color printing sample, and knitted samples using colored yams, color measurement method based on the multispectral imaging technique is a viable alternative. In this paper, we propose a new novel approach to represent the spectral colors of these textile samples. Firstly, the reflectance of captured image by a self-developed multispectral imaging system is recovered by the Wiener estimation method at each pixel spatial location. Secondly, a bilateral filter method is used to remove the signal dependent noise mainly caused by the imaged object during the imaging acquisition procedure. After that, an unsupervised tree structure is constructed to segment denoised image. Finally, all color regions are extracted from the segmented image of a multi-color printing sample to represent the dominant colors weighted with the segmented block size. In the case of representation of yam-dyed textile image, a K-mean clustering method is further used to extract the spectral colors of weft and warp yam, respectively.

Rifampin enhances cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2B6-mediated efavirenz 8-hydroxylation in healthy volunteers

Cho, D.Y.,Shen, J.H.Q.,Lemler, S.M.,Skaar, T.C.,Li, L.,Blievernicht, J.,Zanger, U.M.,Kim, K.B.,Shin, J.G.,Flockhart, D.A.,Desta, Z. 日本藥物動態學會 2016 DRUG METABOLISM AND PHARMACOKINETICS Vol.31 No.2

The effect of rifampin on the in vivo metabolism of the antiretroviral drug efavirenz was evaluated in healthy volunteers. In a cross-over placebo control trial, healthy subjects (n = 20) were administered a single 600 mg oral dose of efavirenz after pretreatment with placebo or rifampin (600 mg/day for 10 days). Plasma and urine concentrations of efavirenz, 8-hydroxyefavirenz and 8,14-dihydroxyefavirenz were measured by LC-MS/MS. Compared to placebo treatment, rifampin increased the oral clearance (by ~2.5-fold) and decreased maximum plasma concentration (C<SUB>max</SUB>) and area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC<SUB>0-~</SUB>) of efavirenz (by ~1.6- and ~2.5-fold respectively) (p < 0.001). Rifampin treatment substantially increased the C<SUB>max</SUB> and AUC<SUB>0-12h</SUB> of 8-hydroxyefavirenz and 8,14-dihydroxyefavirenz, metabolic ratio (AUC<SUB>0-72h</SUB> of metabolites to AUC<SUB>0-72h</SUB> efavirenz) and the amount of metabolites excreted in urine (Ae<SUB>0-12hr</SUB>) (all, p < 0.01). Female subjects had longer elimination half-life (1.6-2.2-fold) and larger weight-adjusted distribution volume (1.6-1.9-fold) of efavirenz than male subjects (p < 0.05) in placebo and rifampin treated groups respectively. In conclusion, rifampin enhances CYP2B6-mediated efavirenz 8-hydroxylation in vivo. The metabolism of a single oral dose of efavirenz may be a suitable in vivo marker of CYP2B6 activity to evaluate induction drug interactions involving this enzyme.

Protein kinase SGK1 enhances MEK/ERK complex formation through the phosphorylation of ERK2: Implication for the positive regulatory role of SGK1 on the ERK function during liver regeneration

Won, M.,Park, K.A.,Byun, H.S.,Kim, Y.R.,Choi, B.L.,Hong, J.H.,Park, J.,Seok, J.H.,Lee, Y.H.,Cho, C.H.,Song, I.S.,Kim, Y.K.,Shen, H.M.,Hur, G.M. Elsevier Science Publishers 2009 Journal of hepatology Vol.51 No.1

Background/Aims: Based on the observation of biphasic induction of SGK1 expression in the regenerating liver, we investigated the role of SGK1 in the regulation of MEK/ERK signaling pathway which plays a crucial role in regulating growth and survival signaling. Methods: To determine the role of SGK1 in the activation of MEK/ERK signaling cascade, we infected primary hepatocytes with recombinant adenoviral vector encoding SGK1, and assessed its effect on the MEK/ERK signaling pathway. Results: Partial hepatectomy resulted in the biphasic transcriptional induction of SGK1 in regenerating liver tissues. Infection of primary hepatocytes with an adenoviral vector encoding SGK1 enhanced the ERK phosphorylation under serum-starved conditions and this was blocked by the expression of kinase-dead SGK1. SGK1 was found to physically interact with ERK½ as well as MEK½. Furthermore, SGK1 mediated the phosphorylation of ERK2 on Ser<SUP>29</SUP> in a serum-dependent manner. Replacement of Ser<SUP>29</SUP> to aspartic acid, which mimics the phosphorylation of Ser<SUP>29</SUP>, enhanced the ERK2 activity as well as the MEK/ERK complexes formation. Conclusions: SGK1 expression during liver regeneration is a part of a signaling pathway that is necessary for enhancing ERK signaling activation through modulating the MEK/ERK complex formation.

Association of SNP Haplotypes at the Myostatin Gene with Muscular Hypertrophy in Sheep

Gan, S.Q.,Du, Z.,Liu, S.R.,Yang, Y.L.,Shen, M.,Wang, X.H.,Yin, J.L.,Hu, X.X.,Fei, J.,Fan, J.J.,Wang, J.H.,He, Q.H.,Zhang, Y.S.,Li, N. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2008 Animal Bioscience Vol.21 No.7

The myostatin gene of seven important meat (Beltex (Australia), Beltex$\times$Huyang (F1), Meat and Multi-Prolific Chinese Merino Fine Wool, Meat Chinese Merino Fine Wool and Dorper (South Africa)) and non-meat (Huyang and Kazak) sheep breeds was analyzed to study the genetic basis of muscular hypertrophy (double muscling) phenotype in sheep. SNPs, four in regulatory regions and several in the introns in the myostatin gene, were identified, and the former four SNPs were used for further studies. Twelve haplotypes were predicted by PHASE program, of which four main haplotypes (1, 3, 7, 9) were present in 90% of the 364 sheep in the study. Haplotypes 1-4 were mainly present in meat breeds while haplotypes 7 and 9 dominated the non-meat breeds. The association between haplotypes and average daily gain (ADG) was analyzed among 116 sheep with production data, Haplo2 (CGAA) and Haplo8 (TGAA) were identified to have significant (p<0.05) effect on ADG by the model (JMP5.1 software) taking into account the effects of breed, family background, haplotype, birth weight and sex. ADG of these haplotype groups also correlated well (r = 0.82) with hypertrophic phenotype scores. In conclusion, the mutations -956 (T$\rightarrow$C), -41 (C$\rightarrow$A) and 6223 (G$\rightarrow$A) involved in Haplo2 and 8 may be associated with the double-muscling trait by influencing myostatin function and be suitable markers in selecting meat sheep.

Effects of Corn and Soybean Meal Types on Rumen Fermentation, Nitrogen Metabolism and Productivity in Dairy Cows

Shen, J.S.,Song, L.J.,Sun, H.Z.,Wang, B.,Chai, Z.,Chacher, B.,Liu, J.X. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2015 Animal Bioscience Vol.28 No.3

Twelve multiparous Holstein dairy cows in mid-lactation were selected for a replicated $4{\times}4$ Latin square design with a $2{\times}2$ factorial arrangement to investigate the effects of corn and soybean meal (SBM) types on rumen fermentation, N metabolism and lactation performance in dairy cows. Two types of corn (dry ground [DGC] and steam-flaked corn [SFC]) and two types of SBM (solvent-extracted and heat-treated SBM) with different ruminal degradation rates and extents were used to formulate four diets with the same basal ingredients. Each period lasted for 21 days, including 14 d for adaptation and 7 d for sample collection. Cows receiving SFC had a lower dry matter (DM) and total N intake than those fed DGC. However, the milk yield and milk protein yield were not influenced by the corn type, resulting in higher feed and N utilization efficiency in SFC-fed cows than those receiving DGC. Ruminal acetate concentrations was greater and total volatile fatty acids concentrations tended to be greater for cows receiving DGC relative to cows fed SFC, but milk fat content was not influenced by corn type. The SFC-fed cows had lower ruminal ammonia-N, less urea N in their blood and milk, and lower fecal N excretion than those on DGC. Compared with solvent-extracted SBM-fed cows, cows receiving heat-treated SBM had lower microbial protein yield in the rumen, but similar total tract apparent nutrient digestibility, N metabolism measurements, and productivity. Excessive supply of metabolizable protein in all diets may have caused the lack of difference in lactation performance between SBM types. Results of the present study indicated that increasing the energy degradability in the rumen could improve feed efficiency, and reduce environmental pollution.

Buckling of axial compressed cylindrical shells with stepwise variable thickness

H.G. Fan,Z.P. Chen,W.Z. Feng,F. Zhou,X.L. Shen,G.W. Cao 국제구조공학회 2015 Structural Engineering and Mechanics, An Int'l Jou Vol.54 No.1

This paper focuses on an analytical research on the critical buckling load of cylindrical shells with stepwise variable wall thickness under axial compression. An arctan function is established to describe the thickness variation along the axial direction of this kind of cylindrical shells accurately. By using the methods of separation of variables, small parameter perturbation and Fourier series expansion, analytical formulas of the critical buckling load of cylindrical shells with arbitrary axisymmetric thickness variation under axial compression are derived. The analysis is based on the thin shell theory. Analytic results show that the critical buckling load of the uniform shell with constant thickness obtained from this paper is identical with the classical solution. Two important cases of thickness variation pattern are also investigated with these analytical formulas and the results coincide well with those obtained from other authors. The cylindrical shells with stepwise variable wall thickness, which are widely used in actual engineering, are studied by this method and the analytical formulas of critical buckling load under axial compression are obtained. Furthermore, an example is presented to illustrate the effects of each strake’s length and thickness on the critical buckling load.

Fabrication of Porous Ceramic Coatings Embedded Nanograins on Titanium Alloys

H. Tong,F. Jin,L. Shen 한국물리학회 2005 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.46 No.1

The eects of the additive SiO2 nano-powder in the electrolyte and micro-arc current density on the microstructure and morphology of ceramic coatings by micro-arc discharge oxidation on Ti alloys have been investigated. Scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diraction and energy dispersive spectroscopye were employed to characterize the ceramic coatings. The results show that SiO2 nano-powder is dispersedly embedded in the porous ceramic coatings in the form of nanograins and there are more nanograins near the surface of micro-holes. The dimensions of the micro-holes are almost the same as with no additives to the electrolyte and are signi¯cantly aected by the applied micro-arc current density, and reaching a saturation value for a current density of 0.18 Acm¡2. No spallation of the coatings occurs in a cyclic thermal quench test in temperature range between 600 K and 300 K.

Status and Prospect of Test Methods of Quality Silicone Water Repellent for Protecting Reinforced Concrete

( H. Y. Sun ),( Z. Y. Yuan ),( Z. Yang ),( G. L. Shan ),( M. X. Shen ) 한국부식방식학회 2017 Corrosion Science and Technology Vol.16 No.3

Impregnating with quality silicone water repellent on the concrete surface is an effective method of protecting concrete. Quality silicone water repellent has been widely used in the engineering profession because of its desirable properties such as hydrophobicity, keeping concrete breathable and preserving the original appearance of the concrete. The companies in China that produce silicone water repellent are listed. Test methods in the specifications or standards about silicone water repellent in China are summed. The test methods relative to durability of concrete impregnated with silicone water repellent (such as resistant to chloride ion penetration, resistant to alkali, resistance to freezing and thawing and weatherability etc.) and the constructive quality (such as water absorption rate, impregnating depth and the dry velocity coefficient etc.) are compared and analyzed. The results indicate that there are differences among test methods relative to different specifications with the same index and therefore, confusion has ensued when selecting test methods. All test methods with the exception of the method of water absorption rate by using a Karsten flask are not non-destructive methods or conducted in a laboratory. Finally, further research on silicone water repellent during application is proposed.