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Kyungae Jo,Woo Young Jang,Beom Sik Yun,Jin Soo Kim,Hyun-Sun Lee,Yeok Boo Chang,Hyung Joo Suh 한국축산식품학회 2021 한국축산식품학회지 Vol.41 No.4
The effect of deer antler extract on muscle differentiation and muscle atrophy were evaluated to minimize muscle loss following aging. Various deer antler extracts (HWE, hot water extract of deer antler; FE, HWE of fermented deer antler; ET, enzyme-assisted extract of deer antler; UE, extract prepared by ultrasonication of deer antler) were evaluated for their effect on muscle differentiation and inhibition of 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside (AICAR)-induced muscle atrophy in C2C12 cells. Morphological changes according to the effect of antler extracts on muscle differentiation were confirmed by Jenner-Giemsa staining. In addition, the expression levels of genes related to muscle differentiation and atrophy were confirmed through qRT-PCR. In the presence of antler extracts, the length and thickness of myotubes and myogenin differentiation 1 (MyoD1) and myogenic factor 5 (Myf5) gene expression were increased compared to those in the control group (CON). Gene expression of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), MyoD1, and myogenin, along with the muscle atrophy factors muscle RING finger-1 (MuRF-1) and forkhead box O3a (FoxO3a) upon addition of deer antler extracts to muscle-atrophied C2C12 cells was determined by qRT-PCR after treatment with AICAR. The expression of MuRF-1 and FoxO3a decreased in the groups treated with antler extracts compared to that in the group treated with AICAR alone. In addition, gene expression of MyoD1 and myogenin in the muscle atrophy cell model was significantly increased compared that into the CON. Therefore, our findings indicate that antler extract can increase the expression of MyoD1, Myf5 and myogenin, inhibit muscle atrophy, and promote muscle differentiation.
Non-invasive brain temperature monitoring using MR thermometry: in-vivo validation study
KyungA Kwak,Bitnarae Kwak,Taeim Kim,Kyung Sik Yi,ChulHyun Lee,Chi-Hoon Choi 한국실험동물학회 2021 한국실험동물학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.2021 No.7
Purpose Non-invasive monitoring of brain temperature is essential for the assessment and optimization of therapeutic target temperature in acute ischemic brain. MR thermometry using 1-H MR spectroscopy (MRT) with Thulium-DOTMA (Tm-DOTMA) has the advantage of allowing absolute temperature measurements. We tried to validate MRT by comparing it with the actual brain temperature in rats. Materials and Methods Serial MRT was obtained in rats with mild systemic hypothermia (Group 1, n=5) and rats with local brain hypothermia with endovascular cooling (Group 2, n=5). Fiber optic thermometry (FOT) was inserted into the brain parenchyma to measure the actual temperature of the brain before MRT scans. For the local brain hypothermia models a 26G jelco catheter was inserted into the ICA and cold saline (4℃, 20ml) was infused in the MR bore for 20 minutes, followed by serial MRTs for 60 minutes. During MRT scans, body temperature was monitored using FOT. Tm-DOTMA was infused into the external jugular vein prior to an induced hypothermia. All the spectral data were semi-automatically processed by phasing and baseline correction using Philips software and JMRUI (URL http://www.mrui.uab.es/mrui/). Results The measured serial temperatures of FOT and MRT showed a similar linear decline in the systemic and local hypothermia groups. The differences of the measured temperatures between two methods were 0.05 ± 0.24 ℃ (mean±SD) in systemimc hypothermia group and 0.14 ± 0.34 in local brain hypothermia group. Conclusion In this study, we validated the MRT can monitor the selective brain hypothermia by confirming an accurate measurement of the actual brain temperature. Non-invasive brain temperature monitoring using the MRT is expected to be an important imaging biomarker for appropriate therapeutic hypothermia in the acute stroke patients.
Modified partial least squares method implementing mixed-effect model
Kyunga Kim,Shin-Jae Lee,Soo-Heang Eo,HyungJun Cho,Jae Won Lee 한국통계학회 2023 Communications for statistical applications and me Vol.30 No.1
Contemporary biomedical data often involve an ill-posed problem owing to small sample size and large number of multi-collinear variables. Partial least squares (PLS) method could be a plausible alternative to an ill-conditioned ordinary least squares. However, in the case of a PLS model that includes a random-effect, how to deal with a random-effect or mixed effects remains a widely open question worth further investigation. In the present study, we propose a modified multivariate PLS method implementing mixed-effect model (PLSM). The advantage of PLSM is its versatility in handling serial longitudinal data or its ability for taking a random-effect into account. We conduct simulations to investigate statistical properties of PLSM, and showcase its real clinical application to predict treatment outcome of esthetic surgical procedures of human faces. The proposed PLSM seemed to be particularly beneficial 1) when random-effect is conspicuous; 2) the number of predictors is relatively large compared to the sample size; 3) the multicollinearity is weak or moderate; and/or 4) the random error is considerable.
Kyungae Kim,MiRan Bang 한국간호과학회 2021 한국간호과학회 학술대회 Vol.2021 No.10
Aim(s): It is important to prevent the increase in the prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) worldwide by efficiently managing its controllable risk factors. This study aimed to identify factors associated with the 4-year estimated incidence of DM by gender and provide basic data for a gender-specific strategic approach to lifestyle modification. Method(s): In this study, we carried out a secondary data analysis using raw data from the seventh Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES, 2016–2018). The KNHANES is a descriptive correlational survey designed to examine gender differences in the factors associated with the 4-year estimated incidence of DM. This study included 9,614 Korean adults (4,134 men and 5,480 women) aged 40-69 years without a diagnosis of DM. For statistical analysis, complex sample analysis was performed for gender comparison using χ2-test or one-way analysis of variance; multiple regression analysis was performed to analyze the gender-specific influencing variables of 4-year estimated DM incidence. Result(s): The waist-to-height ratio, an indicator of central obesity in adults, had the strongest association with the 4-year estimated incidence of DM in both groups (M: β=0.33, p≤0.001; F: β=0.38, p≤0.001). The influencing variables were monthly drinking rate (β=0.07, p≤0.001) and sleep time (β=-0.03, p<0.05) in men, and sedentary time in women (β=0.03, p<0.05). The overall explanatory power of these variables was 11.3% for men and 14.3% for women. Thus, significant gender differences were found in the 4-year estimated incidence of DM. Conclusion(s): Therefore, intervention programs need to be gender-specific to enhance the efficacy of the interventions in reducing the incidence of DM, and such intervention programs should be administered with a strategic approach differentiated by gender.
Kyungae Jo,SangDuk Jeon,Chang-Won Ahn,Sung Hee Han,Hyung Joo Suh 한국식품영양과학회 2017 Preventive Nutrition and Food Science Vol.22 No.4
We evaluated the sleep enhancement activity of the medicinal herbs valerian (Valeriana officinalis), jujube (Ziziphus jujube), lotus seed (Nelumbo nucifera), Gastrodia elata, Polygonatum sibiricum, and baekbokryung (Poria cocos), which can relieve insomnia in a Drosophila model. Locomotor activity was measured in the Drosophila model to evaluate the sleep activity of Korean medicinal herbs traditionally used as sleep aids. The group treated with lotus seed extract showed less nocturnal activity. Treatment with 10 or 20 mg/mL of P. sibiricum significantly reduced nocturnal activity compared to the control group (P<0.05). The activity and sleep bouts of fruit flies were significantly decreased by a high-dose treatment (10 mg/mL) of lotus or P. sibiricum extracts at night. Caffeine-treated Drosophila showed increased nocturnal activity and decreased total sleep time (P<0.05). Flies receiving the 10 mg-doses of lotus seed or P. sibiricum extract showed significantly different nocturnal locomotor activity and total sleep time compared to caffeine-treated Drosophila. Lotus seed and P. sibiricum extracts are attractive and valuable sleep-potentiating nutraceuticals.