Phase IIb multicentred randomised trial of besifovir (LB80380) versus entecavir in Asian patients with chronic hepatitis B

Lai, Ching-Lung,Ahn, Sang Hoon,Lee, Kwan Sik,Um, Soon Ho,Cho, Mong,Yoon, Seung Kew,Lee, Jin-Woo,Park, Neung Hwa,Kweon, Young-Oh,Sohn, Joo Hyun,Lee, Jiyoon,Kim, Jeong-Ae,Han, Kwang-Hyub,Yuen, Man-Fung BMJ Publishing Group Ltd 2014 Gut Vol.63 No.6

<P><B>Background</B></P><P>Besifovir (LB80380) is an acyclic nucleotide phosphonate effective in hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA suppression for both treatment-naive and lamivudine-resistant chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients in preliminary studies.</P><P><B>Design</B></P><P>We aimed to compare the safety and antiviral activity of two doses of besifovir (90 mg and 150 mg daily) with entecavir 0.5 mg daily in CHB patients. 114 patients were randomised to receive besifovir 90 mg daily (n=36), besifovir 150 mg daily (n=39) or entecavir 0.5 mg daily (n=39). HBV DNA and liver biochemistry, including serum L-carnitine levels, were monitored.</P><P><B>Results</B></P><P>At week 48, in the intention-to-treat population, the proportion of patients achieving undetectable HBV DNA (<20 IU/mL) were 63.6%, 62.9% and 58.3%, respectively (p>0.05). The serum mean log<SUB>10</SUB> HBV DNA changes from baseline for the HBeAg-positive patients were −5.84, −5.91 and −6.18, respectively; and for the HBeAg-negative patients were −4.65, −4.55 and −4.67, respectively (p>0.05). There were no differences in the proportions of patients achieving normalisation of alanine aminotransferase (91.7%, 76.9%, 89.7%, respectively) and HBeAg seroconversion (11.11%, 15%, 9.52%, respectively) among all three groups. None of the patients had resistant mutations or increase in serum creatinine of >0.5 mg/dL from baseline. 64 (94.1%) patients on besifovir had lowering of serum L-carnitine (not tested in entecavir patients). L-carnitine levels returned to normal with carnitine supplement.</P><P><B>Conclusions</B></P><P>At 48 weeks, 90 mg and 150 mg daily of besifovir were non-inferior to entecavir 0.5 mg daily in treatment-naive CHB patients. The only significant side effect of besifovir was L-carnitine depletion, requiring carnitine supplementation.</P>

The Effects of Barley-Hairy Vetch Mixtures on Green Manure Productivity and Soil Phosphorus Solubilization

Cho-Rong Lee,Kwang-Lai Park,Jeong-Lai Cho,Yura Oh,Sang-Min Lee,Nan-Hee An 한국토양비료학회 2020 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.53 No.2

Soil phosphate accumulation has been problems in some organic farmlands in Korea. This study was conducted to solubilize the accumulated phosphate in organic upland soils using green manure mixtures as substitute for chemical materials (EDTA etc.). We investigated the effects of barley-hairy vetch mixtures on the productivity of biomass and nutrient and the solubilization of soil phosphate. Treatments were barley single (B), hairy vetch single (H), mixtures of B and H at the ratio of 2:1 (B2H1), 1:1 (B1H1), 1:2 (B1H2), and control (CON). Green manures were cultivated on phosphate accumulated soils (>1,000 mg Lancaster P₂O₅ kg<SUP>-1</SUP>) for 3 years. Mixtures were more effective for stable production of yields and nutrient than B or H, because dry matter yields of green manures were more variable in B and H single. The quality of B as green manure improved in mixtures, because the C/N ratio of B in mixture increased less than B single. In addition, H was effective for phosphate solubilization, as water soluble phosphate contents of H single (2017 and 2019) and mixtures (2019) were significantly higher than B single (2017 and 2019) and CON (2019) despite of phosphate uptake by green manures. Therefore, barley-hairy vetch mixtures could be useful considering green manure productivity and phosphate solubilization in phosphate accumulated upland soils.

A Learning Set Up for Detecting Minimally Conscious State (MCS)

Eun Joo Kim,Jeong Mi Park,Wan Ho Kim,Kwang Lai Lee,Han Na Kim,Ko Eun Lee,Kwang Ok Ahn 대한재활의학회 2012 Annals of Rehabilitation Medicine Vol.36 No.3

Detecting signs of learning in persons diagnosed to be in a post-coma vegetative state and minimally conscious state (MCS) may modify their diagnosis. We report the case of a 65-year-old female in a vegetative state. We used microswitch-based technology that is based on patient response to eye-blinking. We followed an ABABCB design,in which A represented baseline periods, B intervention periods with stimuli contingent on the responses, and C a control condition with stimuli presented non-contingently. We observed the level of response during the B phases was higher than the level of A and C phases. Th is indicated the patient showed signs of learning. Th is state was confi rmed by an evaluation through the Coma Recovery Scale-Revised (CRSR) score, and after completion of this study her CRSR score changed from 4 to 10. We believe microswitch technology may be useful to make a diagnosis of MCS and off er new opportunities for education to MCS patients.

Stale and False Seedbed as an Efficient Weed Control Method in Organic Corn Field

Byung-Mo Lee,Kwang-Lai Park,Youn Lee,Jung-Lai Cho,Nan-Hee An,Jee-Hyun Lee,Ji-Hee Jeong 한국잡초학회 2011 한국잡초학회 별책(학술대회 초록집) Vol.31 No.2

Effects of Green Manure-Maize Rotation on Phosphorus Uptake of Crop and Decrease in Phosphorus Accumulation in Organic Upland Soil

Cho-Rong Lee,Yura Oh,Kwang-Lai Park,Jeong-Lai Cho,Nan-Hee An,Sang-Min Lee 한국토양비료학회 2020 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.53 No.3

Phosphorus (P) easily accumulates in farmland soil due to their high affinity to cations and clay, and thus their use efficiency of crop is low. Green manure-maize rotation system might be an efficient measure to reduce P accumulation in organic farmland by improving P uptake of crops. This study was conducted to investigatethe effects of green manure-maize rotation on P uptake of maize and excess P removal in organic upland soils. Maize mono cropping and green manure-maize rotation systems (barley (B), hairy vetch (H), mixture of B and H) were established in organic farmland, and the experiments were conducted for 2 years without additional nutrients application. Green manure had a significant impact on maize grain production. Maize P uptake increased with the increased rate of hairy vetch seeding. Water soluble P content in soil was further reduced in green manure-maize rotation systems compared to the mono cropping. The results suggest that green manure-maize rotation system (except barley) without nutrient supplement increases P uptake of maizeand thus decreases soil P accumulation.

High Step-up DC-DC Boost-Cuk Converter in Discontinuous Conduction Mode

Reza Heidari(헤이다리 레자),Ehsan Adib(아디브 에산),Kwang-Il Jeong(정광일),Jin-Woo Ahn(안진우),Jih-Sheng Lai(라이 지셍) 대한전기학회 2023 대한전기학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.2023 No.5

겨울논 유채와 보리 재배시 전과정평가 방법을 이용한 환경영향 비교 평가

홍승길(Seung Gil Hong),신중두(Joung Du Shin),박광래(Kwang Lai Park),안민실(Min Sil Ahn),옥용식(Yong Sik Ok),김정규(Jeong Gyu Kim),김석철(Seok Cheol Kim) 유기성자원학회 2016 유기물자원화 Vol.24 No.4

벼 수확 후 겨울철 휴경논에서 유채 재배 시스템의 환경영향을 평가하고 경쟁 작물인 보리 재배 시스템의 환경영향과 비교 분석하기 위하여 전과정 평가방법을 적용하였다. 투입물질에 대한 자료를 수집하고 유채 및 보리 1 ton을 기능단위로 하여 분석하였다. 전과정 영향평가를 위해서는 체계화가 잘 되어있고 규칙적으로 적용된 영향평가 방법인 Eco-indicator 95 방법을 사용하였다. 생산물 1 ton당 발생하는 영향범주별 비교에서는 온실가스 등 6개 영향범주에서 보리보다 유채의 포텐셜이 높게 나타났는데 이 중 화학비료 사용에 의한 환경부하가 전체 발생량의 65-96%를 차지하고 있었다. 부영양화 포텐셜은 오히려 유채보다 보리에서 높게 나타났다. 보리와 유채 재배에서 중금속에 의한 부하가 0.5 Pt로 상대적으로 가장 크게 나타났으나 전체 영향범주값을 합산하게 되면 보리에서 0.78 Pt, 유채에서 0.82 Pt로 나타났다. 시비-수확량 반응 시험에 대한 평가에서 보리는 시비량이 증가할수록 환경부하가 계속 증가하는 것으로 나타났으나 유채는 시비량에 따라 증가하다가 최고 생산량을 보인 R3(80-65-65)에서는 오히려 감소하였다. 이와 같은 결과를 토대로 겨울 휴경논에 유채를 재배할 경우 환경 영향 범주 8개 중 6개 범주에서 기존의 보리를 재배하는 과정에 비해 환경부하량은 더 크다고 할수 있지만 환경지수값으로 환산하게 되면 휴경지에서 유채와 보리 재배를 통한 환경영향에는 차이가 없을 것으로 판단되었다. The application of the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) methodology to assess the environmental impact of rapeseed cultivation in winter fallow after harvesting rice was investigated and compared with barley cultivation in crop rotation system. Data for input materials were collected and analyzed by 1 ton rapeseed and barley as functional unit. For the Life Cycle Impact Assessment (LCIA) the Eco-indicator 95 method has been chosen because this is well documented and regularly applied impact method. From the comparison of impact categories such as greenhouse effect, ozone depletion, acidification, heavy metals, carcinogens, summer smog, and energy resources for 1 ton of final product, emission potential from rapeseed was higher than that from barley. The range from 65 to 96% of these potential came from chemical fertilizer. On the other hand, eutrophication potential from barley was higher than that from rapeseed, mainly came from utilizing the chemical fertilizer. During the cultivation of barley and rape, environmental burden by heavy metals was evaluated by 0.5 Pt, larger than points from other impact categories. The sum of points from all impact categories in barley and rapeseed was calculated to be 0.78 Pt and 0.82 Pt, respectively. From the sensitivity analysis for barley and rapeseed, scenario 1 (crop responses to fertilization level) showed the environmental burden was continuously increased with the amount of fertilization in barley cultivation, while it was not increased only at the optimum crop responses to fertilization in rapeseed (R3). With these results, rapeseed cultivation in winter fallow paddy contributed to the amounts of environmental burden much more than barley cultivation. It is, however, highly determined that environmental weighted point resulted from evaluating both cultivation was not significantly different.

크림세치제 ( 洗齒劑 ) 의 치아마모도에 관한 연구

김종배,한문성,서성수,정광래,김영호,최종헌 ( Johng Bai Kim,Moon Sung Hahn,Sung Soo Suh,Kwang Lai Jeong,Young Ho Kim,Jong Hean Choi ) 대한예방치과·구강보건학회 1990 大韓口腔保健學會誌 Vol.14 No.1

친환경 농산물 재배를 위한 농가 자가제조 액비 사용실태

안난희,조영상,조정래,김용기,이연,지형진,이상민,박광래,이병모,An, Nan-Hee,Jo, Young-Sang,Jo, Jeong-Rae,Kim, Yong-Ki,Lee, Yeon,Jee, Hyeong-Jin,Lee, Sang-Min,Park, Kwang-Lai,Lee, Byung-Mo 한국유기농업학회 2012 韓國有機農業學會誌 Vol.20 No.3

We conducted a survey of actual using conditions of farm-made liquid fertilizers by investigating their formulation types, materials, making processes, using methods and various beneficial effects on 29 farms certified by National Agricultural Products Quality Management Service to produce environment-friendly agricultural products in 2009. Most of the materials used to make liquid fertilizers are those that can be easily obtained around the farms. Molasses or black sugar are added as an energy source of microorganism. And leaf mold, bacterial cultures supplied by agricultural extension centers of local governments, and cultures of native microorganisms were used as microbial sources for fermenting effective microorganisms. Types of the farm-made liquid fertilizers were fermented liquid fertilizers, fermented plant juices, amino acid liquid fertilizers, calcium-liquid fertilizers, and phosphoric acid liquid fertilizers. Effects of liquid fertilizers used by the farms were found to promote plant growth by supplying nutrition, to accelerate blooming and flower bud formation, to enhance the quality of agricultural products such as increase of sugar contents and improvement of storing conditions, to induce resistance against diseases and insect pests, and to cause endurance to high temperature stress. Chemical properties of the liquid fertilizers collected were analyzed. As a result, pH and EC range showed differences according to kinds of the liquid fertilizers. Amount of macro-nutrients, such as nitrogen and phosphoric acid, in most of the collected liquid fertilizers, was found to be low. Even though the liquid fertilizers were made from same materials, their contents was found to be different depending on the making process. 본 연구는 2009년에 친환경 농산물 재배 농가들이 사용하는 자가 제조 액비 실태를 파악하고자 친환경 농산물 인증을 받은 29농가를 대상으로 액비의 종류, 재료, 제조과정, 활용방법 및 효과 등에 대해서 조사를 실시하였다. 농가에서 사용하는 액비의 재료는 대부분 주변에서 쉽게 구할 수 있는 것들이었고 제조방법은 주재료에 미생물의 에너지원으로 사용할 수 있는 당밀이나 흑설탕을 첨가하고 그리고 발효 미생물원으로 부엽토, 시판미생물, 시군센터에서 보급하는 미생물 또는 토착미생물 배양체를 사용하고 있었다. 농가에서 제조하여 활용하고 있는 액비 종류는 발효액비, 천혜녹즙, 아미노산액비, 칼슘액비, 인산액비 등 이었고 이들 액비는 생육촉진, 개화촉진, 꽃눈형성, 당도증가, 저장성 증대, 병해충 저항성 증가, 그리고 고온장해 억제 등의 효과가 있는 것으로 조사되었다. 수집된 액비의 성분분석 결과, pH와 EC의 범위는 시료간의 차이가 크며 질소, 인산 등 다량원소 함량은 대부분 적었으며 같은 재료를 이용하여 제조된 액비라도 제조방법에 따라 양분함량이 각각 다른 것으로 조사되었다.

주요작물의 영양생리장에 발생요인별 원인해석

이주영(Ju-Young Lee),이기상(Ki-Sang Lee),신평균(Pyung-Gyun Shin),박광래(Kwang-Lai Park),정연태(Yeon-Tae Jeong),박문희(Moon-Hee Park),윤영상(Young-sang Yoon) 한국토양비료학회 2003 한국토양비료학회 학술발표회 초록집 Vol.2003 No.5