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Evaluation of Indentation Test for Measuring Young’s Modulus of Cancellous Bone
Lee, Moon Kyu,Choi, Kui Won,Lee, Tae Soo,Lim, H.N. Trans Tech Publications, Ltd. 2007 Materials science forum Vol.544 No.-
<P>The indentation test has been in the spotlight due to easy and non-destructive testing characteristics. However, there are little studies for the indentation test of porous materials in the evaluation aspect of methodology. The goal of this study was to evaluate a spherical indentation test in the aspect of indenter-size and indentation depth by measuring elastic modulus of porous materials such as a cancellous bone using a FEM. We developed a microstructure-based FE model of cancellous bone with apparent density 0.2~0.8 g/cm3 in order to simulate uniaxial compression test and indentation test in the light of anatomical observation with a scanning electron microscope (SEM). We obtained a load-displacement curve through the indentation simulation and calculated the Young’s modulus of cancellous structure based on Pharr's hypothesis. The result indicated that indenter diameter has to be more than five times of pore size and indentation depth should be about 8% of indenter diameter at least to obtain the appropriate result of the indentation test. It is expected that this result may guide to the design and the simulation of indentation test for porous materials</P>
Kang, Moon Hae,Park, Eun-Cheol,Choi, Kui Son,Suh, MiNa,Jun, Jae Kwan,Cho, Eun Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2013 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.14 No.3
This goal of this research was to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of the National Cancer Screening Program (NCSP) for breast cancer in the Republic of Korea from a government expenditure perspective. In 2002-2003 (baseline), a total of 8,724,860 women aged 40 years or over were invited to attend breast cancer screening by the NCSP. Those who attended were identified using the NCSP database, and women were divided into two groups, women who attended screening at baseline (screened group) and those who did not (non-screened group). Breast cancer diagnosis in both groups at baseline, and during 5-year follow-up was identified using the Korean Central Cancer Registry. The effectiveness of the NCSP for breast cancer was estimated by comparing 5-year survival and life years saved (LYS) between the screened and the unscreened groups, measured using mortality data from the Korean National Health Insurance Corporation and the National Health Statistical Office. Direct screening costs, indirect screening costs, and productivity costs were considered in different combinations in the model. When all three of these costs were considered together, the incremental cost to save one life year of a breast cancer patient was 42,305,000 Korean Won (KW) (1 USD=1,088 KW) for the screened group compared to the non-screened group. In sensitivity analyses, reducing the false-positive rate of the screening program by half was the most cost-effective (incremental cost-effectiveness ratio, ICER=30,110,852 KW/LYS) strategy. When the upper age limit for screening was set at 70 years, it became more cost-effective (ICER=39,641,823 KW/LYS) than when no upper age limit was set. The NCSP for breast cancer in Korea seems to be accepted as cost-effective as ICER estimates were around the Gross Domestic Product. However, cost-effectiveness could be further improved by increasing the sensitivity of breast cancer screening and by setting appropriate age limits.
P260 : Comparison of severity scoring systems of atopic dermatitis
( Sun Young Choi ),( Hyun Kyu Kim ),( Kui Young Park ),( Kapsok Li ),( Seong Jun Seo ),( Kyu Han Kim ),( Do Won Kim ),( Moon Bum Kim ),( Jin Woo Kim ),( Young Suck Ro ),( Young Lip Park ),( Chun Wook 대한피부과학회 2013 대한피부과학회 학술발표대회집 Vol.65 No.2
Background: There are no serologic markers that accurately reflect the severity of atopic dermatitis (AD), many different scoring systems used in clinical practice and for research purposes have been developed for assessing the severity of AD. Objectives: The goal of the present study was to evaluate the correlations between severity scoring systems of AD and clinical assessments of physicians and patients. Methods: We graded the severity of 418 AD patients, applying the SCORing of Atopic Dermtaitis (SCORAD), Objective SCORAD (oSCORAD), Eczema Area and Severity Index (EASI), Three Item Severity score, Rajka and Langeland score. Also, we evaluated the Physician`s Global Assessment (PGA) and Visual Analog Scale (VAS) of pruritus and sleep loss. Results: Here was significant positive correlation between oSCORAD and EASI and oSCORAD showed a good correlation with the other severity scoring systems. oSCORAD was highly correlated with PGA and VAS of pruritus and sleep loss. oSCORAD demonstrated the greatest correlation with body surface area, showing a linear relation. Conclusion: oSCORAD can assess the severity of AD with reflecting clinical assessments of physicians and patients and disease extent.
Cost-Effectiveness of Korea's National Cervical Cancer Screening Program
Cho, Eun,Kang, Moon Hae,Choi, Kui Son,Suh, MiNa,Jun, Jae Kwan,Park, Eun-Cheol Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2013 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.14 No.7
Background: Cervical cancer, which is common in developing countries, is also a major health issue in Korea. Our aim was to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of Korea's National Cancer Screening Program (NCSP), implemented in 1999. Materials and Methods: The target population was Korean women 30 years or over who were invited to take part in the NCSP in 2002-2007. By merging NCSP records with Korean Central Cancer Registry data, patients diagnosed with cervical cancer who had been screened were assigned to a "screened group," while patients diagnosed elsewhere were assigned to a "non-screened group." Clinical outcomes were measured in terms of life-years saved (LYS), derived from 5-year mortality rates supplied by the Korean National Health Insurance Corporation and National Statistical Office. Direct and travel costs associated with screening were evaluated from the perspective of the payer, the NCSP. Results: A diagnosis via screening was associated with 2.30 LYS, and the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) estimate for screening was 7,581,679 KW/LYS (6,727 USD/LYS). ICER estimates were lower for older patients (${\geq}$ 50 years) than younger patients (4,047,033 KW/LYS vs 5,680,793 KW/LYS). The proportion of early-stage cancers detected was 16.3% higher in the screened group. Conclusions: In light of Korea's per capita gross domestic product (32,272 USD in 2012), the current NCSP's incremental cost per LYS appears acceptable.
최선영 ( Sun Young Choi ),박귀영 ( Kui Young Park ),이갑석 ( Kap Sok Li ),서성준 ( Seong Jun Seo ),김규한 ( Kyu Han Kim ),김도원 ( Do Won Kim ),김문범 ( Moon Bum Kim ),김진우 ( Jin Woo Kim ),노영석 ( Young Suck Ro ),박영립 ( Young 대한피부과학회 2013 대한피부과학회지 Vol.51 No.4
Background: There are no serologic markers that accurately reflect the severity of atopic dermatitis (AD), many different scoring systems used in clinical practice and for research purposes have been developed for assessing the severity of AD. Objective: The goal of the present study was to evaluate the correlations between severity scoring systems of AD and clinical assessments of physicians and patients. Methods: We graded the severity of 418 AD patients, applying the SCORing of Atopic Dermtaitis (SCORAD), Objective SCORAD (oSCORAD), Eczema Area and Severity Index (EASI), Three Item Severity score, Rajka and Langeland score. Also, we evaluated the Physician`s Global Assessment (PGA) and Visual Analog Scale (VAS) of pruritus and sleep loss. Results: here was significant positive correlation between oSCORAD and EASI and oSCORAD showed a good correlation with the other severity scoring systems. oSCORAD was highly correlated with PGA and VAS of pruritus and sleep loss. oSCORAD demonstrated the greatest correlation with body surface area, showing a linear relation. Conclusion: oSCORAD can assess the severity of AD with reflecting clinical assessments of physicians and patients and disease extent. (Korean J Dermatol 2013;51(4):243∼248).
Cost-effectiveness Outcomes of the National Gastric Cancer Screening Program in South Korea
Cho, Eun,Kang, Moon Hae,Choi, Kui Son,Suh, MiNa,Jun, Jae Kwan,Park, Eun-Cheol Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2013 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.14 No.4
Background: Although screening is necessary where gastric cancer is particularly common in Asia, the performance outcomes of mass screening programs have remained unclear. This study was conducted to evaluate cost-effectiveness outcomes of the national cancer screening program (NCSP) for gastric cancer in South Korea. Materials and Methods: People aged 40 years or over during 2002-2003 (baseline) were the target population. Screening recipients and patients diagnosed with gastric cancers were identified using the NCSP and Korea Central Cancer Registry databases. Clinical outcomes were measured in terms of mortality and life-years saved (LYS) of gastric cancer patients during 7 years based on merged data from the Korean National Health Insurance Corporation and National Statistical Office. We considered direct, indirect, and productivity-loss costs associated with screening attendance. Incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) estimates were produced according to screening method, sex, and age group compared to non-screening. Results: The age-adjusted ICER for survival was 260,201,000-371,011,000 Korean Won (KW; 1USD=1,088 KW) for the upper-gastrointestinal (UGI) tract over non-screening. Endoscopy ICERs were lower (119,099,000-178,700,000 KW/survival) than UGI. To increase 1 life-year, additional costs of approximately 14,466,000-15,014,000 KW and 8,817,000-9,755,000 KW were required for UGI and endoscopy, respectively. Endoscopy was the most cost-effective strategy for males and females. With regard to sensitivity analyses varying based on the upper age limit, endoscopy NCSP was dominant for both males and females. For males, an upper limit of age 75 or 80 years could be considered. ICER estimates for LYS indicate that the gastric cancer screening program in Korea is cost-effective. Conclusion: Endoscopy should be recommended as a first-line method in Korea because it is beneficial among the Korean population.