P.S. 콘크리트 보의 비선형 최적설계

정철원,최규문,손용우 圓光大學校 1994 論文集 Vol.28 No.2

비선형 최적설계법을 개발하였다. 이 방법의 목적은 PC구조물의 극한에서 나타나는 거동을 예측하는 것이다. 그에 따른 주요결과를 제시하였고 콘크리트와 강의 실제 거동의 실험 과정에서 겪는 난점을 거론하였다. 특히 PC강선에서 이용가능한 다양한 응력-변형 관계를 비교하고 실제 특성에서 나타난 차이점을 관찰하였다. 그 관계들에 관하여 추천된 식들의 해당계수를 제시하였다. 그 결과는 PC강선의 종류와 양, 비 프리스트레스 인장과 압축철근의 양, 극한 콘크리트압축변형 등과 같은 주요 변수들의 극한 거동에서 영향이 나타난다는 것이다. 그 영향과 결과를 유도한 규준을 비교하는 데에 중점을 두었다. 이 연구에서 얻은 결과들로써 만약 추천된 규준을 사용하는 경우에 그 규준이 불안정한 설계를 유도할 가능성이 있는 부분과 또 관찰된 경향에 알맞게 규준을 수정하기 위하여 필요한 점을 지적할 수 있게 되었다. An approximate nonlinear design procedure is development. It is the aim of the procedure to predict the behavior at ultimate of prestressed and partially prestressed concrete members. We showed the main results and discussed some difficulties which we come (on in) simulating the actual behavior of concrete and steel. Especially the various available stress-strain relationships for prestressing steels are compared and variability in their actual properties is observed. Corresponding coefficients of recommended equations are given. It is the result that the influence on ultimate behavior of major variables such as type and amount of prestressing steel, the amount of nonprestressed tensile, compressive reinforcement, and the ultimate concrete compressive strain exists. Then we put an empasis on comparing the influence with code derived results. By results of this study, we could point out that if used. where the recommended code may lead to an unsafe design and what modifications may be needed to make the code suitable to the observed trends.

鐵筋콘크리트 構造物의 最適設計

鄭哲源,朴熙淳,孫鎔雨,崔圭文 圓光大學校 1989 論文集 Vol.23 No.2

이 論文에서는 最適化問題를 해결한다 : 彈牲設計에 비해 最大效率로 주어진 形態의 構造를 設計하여 모든 可能한 荷重組合下에서 그 構造의 崩壞와 그것의 臨界斷面의 first yield에 대한 어떤 지정된 最小荷重係數를 측정한다. 目的函數를 線形化하고, 모든 limit equilibrium constraint를 算出해 내는 方法을 개발하여 線形計劃法과 콤퓨터技法의 도움으로 그 問題를 해결한다. 관계되는 원리와 대응되는 最適解는 鐵筋콘크리트 連續보와 뼈대 構造를 例로서 설명되어 있다. The following optimization problem is solved in the paper : design a structure of given geometry for maximum efficiency vs. elastic design, so that under any possible load combination certain specified minimum load factors be guaranteed against both the collapse of the structure and the first yield of its critical sections. By linearizing the objective function and developing a method to generate all limit equilibrium constraints the problem is solved with the help of linear programming and computer techniques. The principles involved and corresponding optimal solutions are illustrated by the examples of a reinforced concrete continuous beam and frame.

Study on the Establishment of Free Trade Zone Agricultural Tariffs in China, Japan and South Korea Based on the GTAP Model

Kou Zheng,Kou Lianxiang,Yang Honghong 한중경제문화학회 2019 한중경제문화연구 Vol.12 No.-

Representation of Network Security Situation Elements Based on Cloud Model

Kou Guang,Yang Haopu,Wang Kun,Zhang Yuchen,Wang Shuo 보안공학연구지원센터 2016 International Journal of Security and Its Applicat Vol.10 No.5

Aiming at efficiently aware the network security situation, we proposed a framework of Network Security Situation Awareness on the base of Cloud Model. With network security situation elements at the core, we modified the Cloud Model to a novel concept, situation cloud, which act as theoretical foundation in the transition between the qualitative and quantitative representation on situation elements. Finally, the experimental results showed that these two kind of representations can directly summarize the secur

Shear mechanism of steel fiber reinforced concrete deep coupling beams

Kou Li,Jun Zhao,Wenbo Ren 국제구조공학회 2020 Structural Engineering and Mechanics, An Int'l Jou Vol.73 No.2

Deep coupling beams are more prone to suffer brittle shear failure. The addition of steel fibers to seismic members such as coupling beams can improve their shear performance and ductility. Based on the test results of steel fiber reinforced concrete(SFRC) coupling beams with span-to-depth ratio between 1.5 and 2.5 under lateral reverse cyclic load, the shear mechanism were analyzed by using strut-and-tie model theory, and the effects of the span-to-depth ratio, compressive strength and volume fraction of steel fiber on shear strengths were also discussed. A simplified calculation method to predict the shear capacity of SFRC deep coupling beams was proposed. The results show that the shear force is mainly transmitted by a strut-and-tie mechanism composed of three types of inclined concrete struts, vertical reinforcement ties and nodes. The influence of span-to-depth ratio on shear capacity is mainly due to the change of inclination angle of main inclined struts. The increasing of concrete compressive strength or volume fraction of steel fiber can improve the shear capacity of SFRC deep coupling beams mainly by enhancing the bearing capacity of compressive struts or tensile strength of the vertical tie. The proposed calculation method is verified using experimental data, and comparative results show that the prediction values agree well with the test ones.

POCUS assisted diagnosis and intervention in abdominal emergencies

( Kou-chih Chen ) 대한응급의학회 2021 대한응급의학회 학술대회초록집 Vol.2021 No.1

20세기 초 상해의 재즈음악 유입 연구

KOU FAN,홍성규(Hong Sungkyu) 한국문화융합학회 2020 문화와 융합 Vol.42 No.3

본 연구는 재즈음악의 중국 토착화 과정 중 재즈음악의 상해 유입에 주목한 연구이다. 이를 위해 관련 서적과 사료들을 통해 20세기 초 상해에 재즈음악이 어떤 방식으로 유입되었는지 또 문화적 측면에서 그 배경과 양상에 대해 구체적으로 살펴보았다. 재즈음악은 미국에서 생성, 발전한 음악 장르로 재즈음악을 비롯한 미국의 음악문화는 중국 대중음악 형성에 있어 중요한 영향을 끼쳤다. 상해 재즈음악 토착화 과정에 대한 연구는 중국 대중음악의 형성과 발전과 더불어 근대 시기 상해의 도시문화와 서구 문화 토착화 연구의 중요한 한 부분을 형성한다. 이 연구를 통해 알게 된 점은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 20세기 초 상해 조계지역 설치와 전개과정에서 형성된 다문화적 환경 외에도 상해 지역에 거류하는 미국인의 세력 확장을 통한 서구적 문화와 생활양식의 정착은 재즈음악이 유입의 지배적 요인이다. 이는 해외 문화에 대한 수용력이 뛰어난 근대 시기 상해의 문화적 정서는 재즈음악이 정착하고 발전하게 된 중요한 요소이다. 둘째, 20세기 초 재즈음악은 주로 밴드 연주, 신문 기사, 라디오 방송, 사교댄스 배경음악, 영화음악의 형식으로 전파되었다. 특히 라디오는 당시 가장 진보적 매체로 재즈음악을 더 널리 전파하게 하였다. 또한 유흥업의 발전으로 인해 재즈음악은 현지인의 생활에 더 깊이 수용되며 대표적인 근대 시기 상해의 문화적 경관이 되었다. 미국 재즈 음악가들의 상해 내 음악 활동과 교류는 당시 일부 중국 음악인들의 음악 취향과 창작에 직접적인 영향을 주었으며 상해에 재즈음악의 토착화를 촉진하였다. 재즈음악은 중국 유입시기부터 오늘날까지 100여 년의 시간이 흘렀으나 현재에도 많은 중국 음악애호가들의 관심을 받고 있는 음악장르이다. 상해는 동양에서 가장 일찍 재즈음악이 유입된 도시이며 상해지역 재즈음악의 발전 과정 연구는 근대 중국 음악문화 변천 연구에도 중요할 뿐만 아니라 중국과 미국 간의 문화 교류 발전사의 중요한 요소이기도 하다. 향후 보다 많은 사료 발굴을 통해 서구 대중음악의 중국 유입과 전개과정에 대한 연구를 이어갈 예정이다. As a pre-research of the development of Jazz music in Shanghai, this article researched on the import of Jazz music in Shanghai by analyzing books and historical materials, focusing on the backgrounds and the performance of Jazz music in the early 20th century. Jazz is originally from the USA and the American music culture in Jazz was regarded as having a significant influence on Chinese pop music. It would be highly valuable to gain a deep understanding of the development of Jazz music in Shanghai, which helps to comprehend the Chinese pop music development, the city culture of contemporary Shanghai, and the western culture in Shanghai. The study found that, first, apart from the reason that foreign settlements in Shanghai contribute to the merging of the culture, the growth of American power, and the local American lifestyle and cultural environment led to the import of Jazz music. Moreover, the inclusiveness of a foreign culture in contemporary Shanghai accelerated the speed of the development of the Jazz. Second, in the early 20th century, Jazz was brought to China through live shows, news releases, radio broadcasting, ballroom dancing music, movie music, and especially radio, which was the most effective way to spread Jazz. All the emerging recreational and entertainment industries integrated the Jazz into local life, which became a representative culture in contemporary Shanghai. In addition, Jazz musicians performed in Shanghai, thus influencing the Chinese musicians as well as their composing. These resulted in the localization of Jazz in contemporary Shanghai. It has been more than 100 years since Jazz was brought to China, and it is now getting more popular among Chinese musicians. Shanghai is one of the earliest cities that had Jazz. The study on the development of Jazz in Shanghai is indispensable not only because it is a study on the local music in Shanghai but it is also a study on the communication of culture between the USA and China.

Statistical Analysis on the Emotion Effects of Academic Achievement

Kou, Heung,Ko, Young Chun The Basic Science Institute Chosun University 2016 조선자연과학논문집 Vol.9 No.2

The purpose of this study is to investigate the emotion effects on academic achievement for university students. The results are as follows. Resulting on the each emotions difference by the statistical variables, anxiety scores by gender showed a significant difference in the p<.01 level(F=7.685). The males anxiety(2.478, standard deviation: 0.180) had significantly lower scores than females(3.076, standard deviation: 0.168). But fear, anger, activity, and sociability scores were not significantly different respectively between male and female students. To see the emotions effect of academic achievement, the analysis method of the linear regression line was used. As the result, anxiety, fear, anger, activity, and sociability did not significantly influence academic achievement. And so unlike previous methods, the analysis method of the quadratic regression curve was used. As the result, anxiety, fear, anger, activity, and sociability showed did significantly influence academic achievement respectively within 5% of statistical significance level, to more than F=3.06. Therefore, the values on academic achievement of the each anxiety, fear, anger, activity, and sociability showed a quadratic regression curve. That is, [Academic achievement]=$-0.9685{\times}[Anxiety]^2+5.1342{\times}[Anxiety]+8.2679$,[Academic achievement]=$-1.0638{\times}[Fear]^2+5.5694{\times}[Fear]+7.5635$,[Academic achievement]=$-1.3497{\times}[Anger]^2+9.1284{\times}[Anger]+0.6720$,[Academic achievement]=$-1.0589{\times}[Activity]^2+7.4386{\times}[Activity]+1.8272$,[Academic achievement]=$-1.6830{\times}[Sociability]^2+11.2325{\times}[Sociability]-3.8258$. Therefore, we were able to determine the following conclusions. First, we were able to predict the degree of academic achievement by the each emotions scale. Second, when the each emotion scores of students was a moderate, the academic achievement was most excellent. So, in order for the students to become higher academic achievement, the maintenance of medium degree of the each emotions scores is required.

ICME Soroban(Abacus) Workshops

( Kou Zi Suzuki ) 한국수학교육학회 2013 수학교육 학술지 Vol.2013 No.2

Facile synthesis of nitrogen-doped carbon dots (N-CDs) and N-CDs/NiO composite as an efficient electrocatalyst for oxygen evolution reaction

Kou Xiaoli,Xin Xin,Zhang Yan,Meng Long-Yue 한국탄소학회 2021 Carbon Letters Vol.31 No.4

Nitrogen-doped carbon dots (N-CDs), derived from the biomass (anthocyanin), are the novel additive to the nanocarbon materials, which is expected to bring a wide spectrum of novel applications. Moreover, metallic oxides are emerging for their unique potential for electrocatalysis. Herein, we report the synthesis of N-CDs for the selective detection of Fe3+ with a limit of detection of 2.57 μM in the range of 5–60 μM using ethylenediamine and H2O2 by a hydrothermal method. The obtained N-CDs displayed a spherical morphology with a particle size range of 2–7 nm and emitted blue luminescence at 394 nm under excitation at 319 nm. Meanwhile, we have demonstrated the fabrication of cost-efcient electrocatalysts for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in an alkaline medium, employing N-CDs. Owing to the successful incorporation of N-CDs into NiO nanospheres, the resulting N-CDs/NiO with large surface areas, fast charge transfer, and increased conductivity vastly improved the catalytic activity. Remarkably, the optimal of N-CDs/NiO composite requires the overpotential of only 380 mV at a current density of 10 mA cm−2 and a relatively low Tafel slope of 57.96 mV dec−1 compared with pure NiO. These results open up a facile route for the application of N-CDs and ofer prospects for CD-metal hybrids as high OER catalysts in electrochemical energy devices.