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Shinji Yamashita,Arima Fukunishi,Haruki Higashino,Makoto Kataoka,Koichi Wada 한국약제학회 2017 Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation Vol.47 No.2
Telmisartan is a biopharmaceutics drug classification system class II drug having a low solubility at neutral pH region. The purpose of this study is to clarify the process of dissolution and precipitation of telmisartan in the gastrointestinal tract from its oral formulation containing meglumine, a pH modifier (alkalizer). Granules of telmisartan containing different amount of meglumine were prepared, and its dissolution and precipitation profiles were investigated under various pH conditions in vitro. It was demonstrated that meglumine induced a supersaturation of telmisartan both at pH 5.0 and pH 6.8. Dissolved amount of telmisartan fluctuated over time and the pattern of dissolved concentration differed depending on the pH and the amount of meglumine. Powder X-ray diffraction analysis and differential scanning calorimetry analysis on precipitates from supersaturated solutions showed that pH of the dissolution medium profoundly affects the crystalline form of telmisartan. Furthermore, the effect of meglumine on oral absorption of telmisartan was investigated with dissolution/ permeation System in vitro. At pH 6.8, permeated amount was significantly higher with the formulation which contains larger amount of meglumine. Therefore, despite the very low solubility of telmisartan at neutral pH, meglumine significantly provided high solubility of telmisartan by induction and maintenance of its supersaturation.
Kazuta Yamashita,Hisanori Ikuma,Takuya Tokashiki,Takashi Maehara,Akihiro Nagamachi,Yoichiro Takata,Toshinori Sakai,Kosaku Higashino,Koichi Sairyo 대한척추외과학회 2017 Asian Spine Journal Vol.11 No.1
Study Design: Prospective study. Purpose: During fluoroscopically guided spinal procedure, the hands of spinal surgeons are placed close to the field of radiation and may be exposed to ionizing radiation. This study directly measured the radiation exposure to the hand of a spinal interventionalist during fluoroscopically guided procedures. Overview of Literature: Fluoroscopically guided spinal procedures have been reported to be a cause for concern due to the radiation exposure to which their operators are exposed. Methods: This prospective study evaluated the radiation exposure of the hand of one spinal interventionalist during 52 consecutive fluoroscopic spinal procedures over a 3-month period. The interventionalist wore three real-time dosimeters secured to the right forearm, under the lead apron over the chest, and outside the lead apron over the chest. Additionally, one radiophotoluminescence glass dosimeter was placed under the lead apron over the left chest and one ring radiophotoluminescence glass dosimeter was worn on the right thumb. The duration of exposure and radiation dose were measured for each procedure. Results: The average radiation exposure dose per procedure was 14.9 μSv, 125.6 μSv, and 200.1 μSv, inside the lead apron over the chest, outside the lead apron over the chest, and on the right forearm, respectively. Over the 3-month period, the protected radiophotoluminescence glass dosimeter over the left chest recorded less than the minimum reportable dose, whereas the radiophotoluminescence glass ring dosimeter recorded 368 mSv for the thumb. Conclusions: Our findings indicated that the cumulative radiation dose measured at the dominant hand may exceed the annual dose limit specified by the International Commission on Radiological Protection. Spinal interventionalists should take special care to limit the duration of fluoroscopy and radiation exposure.
MPC-based Co-design of Control and Routing for Wireless Sensor and Actuator Networks
Dai Satoh,Koichi Kobayashi,Yuh Yamashita 제어·로봇·시스템학회 2018 International Journal of Control, Automation, and Vol.16 No.3
A wireless sensor and actuator network (WSAN) is a class of networked control systems. In WSANs, sensors and actuators are located in a distributed way, and communicate to controllers through a wireless communication network such as a multi-hop network. In this paper, we propose a model predictive control (MPC) method for co-design of control and routing of WSANs. MPC is an optimal control strategy based on numerical optimization. The control input is calculated by solving the finite-time optimal control problem at each discrete time. In the proposed method, a WSAN is modeled by a switched linear system. In the finite-time optimal control problem, a control input and a mode corresponding to a communication path are optimized simultaneously. The proposed method is demonstrated by a numerical example.
Abe, Atsutoshi,Yamashita, Koichi Korean Chemical Society 2003 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.24 No.6
We report a quantum wavepacket study on the characteristic bimodal translational energy distribution of photostimulated desorbed Xe from an oxidized silicon (001) surface observed by Watanabe and Matsumoto, Faraday Discuss. 117 (2000) 203. We have simulated the theoretical translational energy distributions based on wavepacket calculations with a sudden transition and averaging model to reproduce the experiment. We discuss the desorption mechanism and suggest a very strong position dependence of the deexcitation processes for Xe/oxidized Si(001).
Norio Yamamoto,Hirofumi Kosaka,Kosaku Higashino,Masatoshi Morimoto,Kazuta Yamashita,Fumitake Tezuka,Fumio Hayashi,Yoichiro Takata,Toshinori Sakai,Akihiro Nagamachi,Koichi Sairyo 대한척추외과학회 2018 Asian Spine Journal Vol.12 No.2
Study Design: Retrospective study of 37 consecutive female patients with cervical spondylotic myelopathy who underwent reconstructed computed tomography (CT) scanning of the cervical spine. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the vertebral lateral notch of the cervical spine is an effective landmark to determine the entry point for lateral mass screwing. A modified Roy-Camille technique was used to determine the entry point associated with the lateral notch of the cervical spine. Overview of Literature: The Roy-Camille technique has been a popular technique for the posterior fixation of the cervical spine. A problem with this technique is determining the entry point on the lateral mass via visual inspection, such as in cases with degenerative or destructive cervical facet joints. Methods: Thirty-three female patients with cervical spondylotic myelopathy underwent reconstructed CT scanning of the cervical spine. Overall, 132 vertebrae from C3 to C6 were reviewed using reconstructed CT. The probable trajectory using a modified Roy- Camille technique was determined using reconstructed CT scans, and the optimal entry point was identified. Horizontal and vertical distances from the vertebral lateral notch were measured. Results: The entry point determined using the modified Roy-Camille technique was significantly superior and medial compared with that determined using the conventional Roy-Camille technique. At C3 and C4 levels, the entry point using the modified technique was 1.4 mm below and 4.4 mm medial to the lateral notch, and at C5 and C6 levels, it was 2.3 mm below and 4.9 mm medial to the lateral notch. Conclusions: The vertebral lateral notch of the cervical spine was an effective landmark to determine the entry point for lateral mass screwing. The modified Roy-Camille technique proposed here may prevent surgical complications and poor outcomes.
Compression Myelopathy due to Proliferative Changes around C2 Pars Defects without Instability
Tetsuya Kimura,Toshinori Sakai,Fumitake Tezuka,Mitsunobu Abe,Kazuta Yamashita,Yoichiro Takata,Kosaku Higashino,Koichi Sairyo 대한척추외과학회 2016 Asian Spine Journal Vol.10 No.3
We report a case with compression myelopathy due to proliferative changes around the C2 pars defects without instability. A 69-yearold man presented with progressive clumsy hands and spastic gait. Plain radiographs showed bilateral spondylolysis (pars defects) at C2 and fusion between C2 and C3 spinous processes. Dynamic views revealed mobility through the pars defects, but there was no apparent instability. Computed tomography showed proliferative changes at the pars defects, which protruded into spinal canal. On magnetic resonance imaging, the spinal cord was compressed and intramedullary high signal change was found. A diagnosis of compression myelopathy due to proliferative changes around the C2 pars defects was made. We performed posterior decompression. Postoperatively, symptoms have been alleviated and images revealed sufficient decompression and no apparent instability. In patients with the cervical spondylolysis, myelopathy caused by instability or slippage have been periodically reported. The present case involving C2 spondylolysis is extremely rare.