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Toll‐like receptor 9 mediates oral bacteria‐induced IL‐8 expression in gingival epithelial cells
Kim, Youngsook,Jo, Ah‐,ram,Jang, Da Hyun,Cho, Yong‐,Joon,Chun, Jongsik,Min, Byung‐,Moo,Choi, Youngnim Nature Publishing Group 2012 Immunology and cell biology Vol.90 No.6
<P>Previously, we reported that various oral bacteria regulate interleukin (IL)‐8 production differently in gingival epithelial cells. The aim of this study was to characterize the pattern recognition receptor(s) that mediate bacteria‐induced IL‐8 expression. Among ligands that mimic bacterial components, only a Toll‐like receptor (TLR) 9 ligand enhanced IL‐8 expression as determined by ELISA. Both normal and immortalized human gingival epithelial (HOK‐16B) cells expressed TLR9 intracellularly and showed enhanced IL‐8 expression in response to CpG‐oligonucleotide. The ability of eight strains of four oral bacterial species to induce IL‐8 expression in HOK‐16B cells, and their invasion capacity were examined in the absence or presence of 2% human serum. The ability of purified bacterial DNA (bDNA) to induce IL‐8 was also examined. Six out of eight strains increased IL‐8 production in the absence of serum. Usage of an endosomal acidification blocker or a TLR9 antagonist inhibited the IL‐8 induction by two potent strains. In the presence of serum, many strains lost the ability to induce IL‐8 and presented substantially reduced invasion capacity. The IL‐8‐inducing ability of bacteria in the absence or presence of serum showed a strong positive correlation with their invasion index. The IL‐8‐inducing ability of bacteria in the absence of human serum was also correlated with the immunostimulatory activity of its bDNA. The observed immunostimulatory activity of the bDNA could not be linked to its CpG motif content. In conclusion, oral bacteria induce IL‐8 in gingival epithelial cells through TLR9 and the IL‐8‐inducing ability depends on the invasive capacity and immunostimulating DNA.</P>
Reflection in Teacher Development: Exploring Pre-service Teachers" Journal Writing
Youngsook Kim 한국외국어교육학회 2007 Foreign languages education Vol.14 No.1
The purpose of the study was to explore the role of journal as a way to encourage pre-service teachers to reflect on their own learning experiences and to determine the extent of reflection through journal writing. Journals were kept by pre-service English teachers during a teacher preparation course where the focus was on the understanding of second language acquisition. Sixteen participants were juniors in an undergraduate teacher development program in a university in Korea. The journal entries the trainees kept were analyzed through content analysis method in relation to the dual role as learners and prospective teachers. Within this research framework, it was found that the pre-service English teachers reflected internally on their English learning experiences and could connect the concepts and abstract ideas to their personal experience of learning English. Also, pre-service teachers were able to display their reflective capabilities through the exercise of journal writing in spite of their limited L2 writing skills. From the findings it is suggested that journals can be used as a valuable tool for the teachers-in-preparation, both in developing reflective teachers and in generating powerful insights which later would influence their own classroom behavior and motivation as a teacher.
The development of a team building program for korean curling team
( Youngsook Kim ),( Sanghyuk Park ),( Taewhan Kim ) 한국스포츠정책과학원(구 한국스포츠개발원) 2017 International Journal of Applied Sports Sciences Vol.29 No.2
The purpose of this study was to develop and apply a team building program for a curling team through needs assessment. The participants in this study were 69 high-school, college, professional, and national curling athletes for the needs assessment, 4 sport psychologists and 2 curling experts for verifying the validity of the program, and 5 curling athletes of professional curling teams for the application of the team building program. The needs assessment data were analyzed by inductive content analysis. The team building program was developed based on the results of needs assessment, goal setting of the team building program, and a selection of activities for the team building program. The team building program was applied to five curling players for 7 sessions. Team cohesion, team efficacy, and effective communication were measured two times (i.e., pre and post) to examine the effects of team building intervention. The results of needs assessment indicated interpersonal relationship, communication, and performance were necessary factors for team building. Consequently, goals of the team building program were to improve communication and interpersonal relationships. Team building activities were selected through team building literature review and expert meetings. Secondly, the team building intervention had a positive influence on team cohesion, team efficacy, and communication. These results indicated that team building would positively contribute to team factors and team performance.
Expression of the Novel Wheat Gene<i>TM20</i>Confers Enhanced Cadmium Tolerance to Bakers' Yeast
Kim, Yu-Young,Kim, Do-Young,Shim, Donghwan,Song, Won-Yong,Lee, Joohyun,Schroeder, Julian I.,Kim, Sanguk,Moran, Nava,Lee, Youngsook American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Bi 2008 The Journal of biological chemistry Vol.283 No.23
<P>Cadmium causes the generation of reactive oxygen species, which in turn causes cell damage. We isolated a novel gene from a wheat root cDNA library, which conferred Cd(II)-specific tolerance when expressed in yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae). The gene, which we called TaTM20, for Triticum aestivum transmembrane 20, encodes a putative hydrophobic polypeptide of 889 amino acids, containing 20 transmembrane domains arranged as a 5-fold internal repeating unit of 4 transmembrane domains each. Expression of TaTM20 in yeast cells stimulated Cd(II) efflux resulting in a decrease in the content of yeast intracellular cadmium. TaTM20-induced Cd(II) tolerance was maintained in yeast even under conditions of reduced GSH. These results demonstrate that TaTM20 enhances Cd(II) tolerance in yeast through the stimulation of Cd(II) efflux from the cell, partially independent of GSH. Treatment of wheat seedlings with Cd(II) induced their expression of TaTM20, decreasing subsequent root Cd(II) accumulation and suggesting a possible role for TaTM20 in Cd(II) tolerance in wheat.</P>