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Cefatrizine과 clavulanic acid 병합제의 extended-spectrum β-lactamase 생산균에 대한 항균력의 상승작용
김지영,김계원,최성학,김원배,이경원,정윤섭 대한화학요법학회 1998 대한화학요법학회지 Vol.16 No.3
배경 : ESBL을 포함한 β-lactamase 생산세균의 감염 치료에 유효한 경구용, β-lactam제 개발의 가능성을 검토하기 위하여 CTRZ와 CV의 병용효과를 시험관내 및 실험적으로 감염시킨 생쥐에서 시험하고자 하였다. 방법 : 시험균주는 동아제약 연구소에 보존중인 것을 사용하였다. CTRZ 단독 및 CV 병합시의 MIC는 일본화학요법학회의 한천희석법으로 시험하였다. β-Lactarnase 생산균주로 복강내, 호흡기 혹은 요로감염을 일으킨 생쥐를 CTRZ와 CV 병합제로 치료하고 그 효과를 대조군과 비교하였다. 결과 : ESBL을 포함한 β-lctamase 생산균주에 대한 CTRZ의 MIC는 CV 첨가로 저하되었으며 이 두 병합계의 비율이 8:1-2:1인 경우에 상승효과가 가장 컸다. ESBL 생산균주인 E. coli EB13 및 K. pneumoniae EB4O으로 유발시킨 생쥐 복강내 감염 model에서의 치료효과는 CTRZ와 CV의 병합 비율이 2:1-1:2일 때 가장 우수하였다. CTRZ와 CV를 2:1의 비율로 병합하였을 때 ESBL블 포함한 β-lactamase 생산균주에 대한 살균력 평가 시험에서 상승적인 살균력이 관찰되었으며, E. coli EB13, K. pneumoniae EB40 및 P. vulgaris 5로 유발시킨 생쥐 복강내감염에 대해 CV 병합에 의한 CTRZ의 치료효과가 뚜렷하게 개선되었다. K. pneumoniae EB40으로 유발시킨 생쥐 호흡기감염 및 E. coli EB13으로 유발시킨 요로감염에 대해서도 CV 병합에 의해 CTRZ의 치료효과가 뚜렷하게 개선되었다. 결론 : CTRZ와 CV의 2:1 병합제가 ESBL을 포함한 β-lactamase 생산세균 감염증 치료에 유효할 것이며, 따라 임상시험을 수행할 가치가 있다는 결론을 얻었다. Background : The purpose of this study was to determine the synergistic activity of cefatrizme (CTRZ) combined with clavulanic acid (CV) against extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) producing strains. Methods : Minimum inhibitory concentration was deterinined by the standard agar dilution method as recommended by the Japan Society of Chemotherapy. CTRZ/CV was evaluated for in vivo efficacy in a variety of experimental intra-peritoneal infections as well as in localized kidney and lung infections in mice. Results : The addition of 0.012 ㎍/mL of CV markedly increased the in vitro antibacterial activity of CTRZ against β-lactamase-producmg strains including ESBL-producing strains and the most effective combination ratio was shown to be between 8:1 and 2:l. The in uivo efficacy of CTRZ and CV in combination was determined using experimental intraperitoneal infections in mice with ESBL-producing Exherichia coli EB13 and Klebsiella pneumoniae EB40 and the inost effective combination ratio was shown to be between 2:1 and 1:2. CTRZ/CV at a ratio of 2:1 showed baetericldal activity against β-lactamase-producing strains including ESBL-producing strains and the therapeutic efficacy of CTRZ/CV against intraperitoneal infection in mice with E. colz EB13, K. pneumoniae EB40 and Proteus vulgaris 5 was superior to that of CTRZ. in respiratory tract infection in mce due to K. pneumoniae EB40, CTRZ/CV at a ratio of 2:1 was more effective than CTRZ and also more efficacious than CTRZ in urinary tract infection in mice due to E. coli EB13. Conclusion : CTRZ/CV combination at a ratio of 2:l is a useful drug for the treatment of infection caused by β-lactamase-producing strains including ESBL-producing strains.
Surface effect on the self-equilibrium state and size-dependent elasticity of FCC thin films
Kim, Wonbae,Cho, Maenghyo Institute of Physics Pub 2010 Modelling and simulation in materials science and Vol.18 No.8
<P>On the {1 1 0} solid surface, surface stresses of two perpendicular directions, such as 〈1 0 0〉 and 〈1 1 0〉, will differ. These different surface stresses cause different equilibrium strains in the 〈1 0 0〉 and 〈1 1 0〉 directions on a {1 1 0} thin film. In this paper, an analytical formulation is presented to predict the equilibrium strains of orthotropic thin films with {1 0 0}, {1 1 1} or {1 1 0} surfaces. This formulation is composed of the elastic constants of bulk materials and surface parameters such as surface stresses and surface elastic tensors. Transition metals with FCC structures (Cu, Ag, Au, Ni, Pd and Pt) are used in this study, along with a surface relaxation model that calculates surface parameters using atomistic calculations. Molecular dynamics simulations are performed and compared with the results of this suggested method, and both results show good agreement. In addition, size-dependent elastic constants are calculated analytically from the predicted equilibrium state.</P>
Kim, Jung Suk,Jeong, Hyun Woo,Lee, Wonbae,Park, Bo Gi,Kim, Beop Min,Lee, Kyu Back Springer 2012 Nanoscale research letters Vol.7 No.1
<P>Both self-cleanability and antireflectivity were achieved on quartz surfaces by forming heptadecafluoro-1,1,2,2-tetrahydrodecyltrichlorosilane self-assembled monolayer after fabrication of nanostructures with a mask-free method. By exposing polymethylmethacrylate spin-coated quartz plates to O<SUB>2</SUB> reactive ion etching (RIE) and CF<SUB>4</SUB> RIE successively, three well-defined types of nanopillar arrays were generated: A2, A8, and A11 patterns with average pillar widths of 33 ± 4 nm, 55 ± 5 nm, and 73 ± 14 nm, respectively, were formed. All the fabrication processes including the final cleaning can be finished within 4 h. All nanostructured quartz surfaces exhibited contact angles higher than 155° with minimal water droplet adhesiveness and enhanced transparency (due to antireflectivity) over a broad spectral range from 350 to 900 nm. Furthermore, A2 pattern showed an enhanced antireflective effect that extends to the deep-UV range near 190 nm, which is a drawback region in conventional thin-film-coating approaches as a result of thermal damage. Because, by changing the conditions of successive RIE, the geometrical configurations of nanostructure arrays can be easily modified to meet specific needs, the newly developed fabrication method is expected to be applied in various optic and opto-electrical areas.</P><P><B>PACS codes:</B> 06.60.Ei; 81.65.Cf; 81.40.Vw.</P>