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TERT promoter mutations and long-term survival in patients with thyroid cancer
Kim, Tae Hyuk,Kim, Young-Eun,Ahn, Soomin,Kim, Ji-Youn,Ki, Chang-Seok,Oh, Young Lyun,Kim, Kyunga,Yun, Jae Won,Park, Woong-Yang,Choe, Jun-Ho,Kim, Jung-Han,Kim, Jee Soo,Kim, Sun Wook,Chung, Jae Hoon Bioscientifica 2016 Endocrine-related cancer Vol.23 No.10
<P><I>TERT</I> promoter mutations are emerging prognostic biomarkers in multiple cancers and are found in highly aggressive thyroid cancer. Our aim is to investigate the prognostic value of these mutations for the outcome of thyroid cancer-related mortality in a large cohort of thyroid cancer patients. This was a retrospective study of 409 patients (393 with differentiated thyroid cancer) with a median age of 44 years (range 16-81 years) and median follow-up of 13 years (interquartile range 11-16 years). Analyses of associations between mutational status and various clinicopathological variables were performed. <I>TERT</I> promoter mutations were identified in 32 (9.8%) papillary, 11 (16.7%) follicular and seven (43.8%) poorly differentiated/anaplastic thyroid cancer patients. The presence of <I>TERT</I> promoter mutations was associated with factors such as increased age (<I>P</I> < 0.001), extrathyroidal invasion (<I>P</I> = 0.01), increased stage at diagnosis (<I>P</I> < 0.001) and dedifferentiated histological type (<I>P</I> = 0.001). A <I>TERT</I> promoter mutation was independently associated with poorer overall survival in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer (10-year survival rate, 66.2% vs 98.3% for wild type; adjusted HR, 7.18; 95% CI: 2.77-18.59) and in patients with papillary cancer (74.2% vs 99.3%; 14.20; 3.03-66.68). Concomitant <I>TERT</I> and <I>BRAF</I> mutations worsened the survival rate of patients with papillary cancer (82.6% vs 99.4% for exclusively <I>BRAF</I> mutation alone; 5.62; 1.85-17.09). In conclusion, the presence of <I>TERT</I> promoter mutations is independently associated with increased mortality in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer. The results suggest that inclusion of <I>TERT</I> promoter mutation analysis with conventional clinicopathological evaluation can lead to better prognostication and management for individual patients.</P>
Functional Implication of β-Carotene Hydroxylases in Soybean Nodulation
Kim, Yun-Kyoung,Kim, Sunghan,Um, Ji-Hyun,Kim, Kyunga,Choi, Sun-Kang,Um, Byung-Hun,Kang, Suk-Woo,Kim, Jee-Woong,Takaichi, Shinichi,Song, Seok-Bo,Lee, Choon-Hwan,Kim, Ho-Seung,Kim, Ki Woo,Nam, Kyoung He American Society of Plant Biologists 2013 PLANT PHYSIOLOGY - Vol.162 No.3
<P><I>Carotenoids are essential for nodule development in soybean.</I></P>
북한체제변화 연구방법론에 대한 비판적 고찰과 대안의 모색
류경아 ( Kyunga Ryu ),김용호 ( Yong Ho Kim ) 북한연구학회 2012 北韓硏究學會報 Vol.16 No.1
북한 최고지도자의 교체와 재스민혁명이라는 국제환경의 변화로 인해 북한의 체제변화에 대한 논의가 쟁점으로 재부상 하였다. 그러나 북한체제 변화에 관한 기존의 연구들은 북한의 특수성을 강조한 분석에 머무르거나 소련·중국·베트남 등 사회주의 국가들의 정치경제체제 변화와의 비교에 한정되거나 학문적 논의보다는 진보와 보수 간 정책 및 이념 경쟁의 한계를 보여왔다. 따라서이 연구는 북한체제변화 연구가 가졌던 기존의 한계를 극복하고자 최근의 체제변화에 관한 일반 연구들과 남미와 동유럽, 그리고 최근에 이르는 중동지역의 체제변화 사례들을 종합 분석하여 북한체제변화연구에 비교연구학적 측면에서 보다 일반적인 시각을 제시하고자 하였다. 사례연구를 통해 제도와 행위자들(지도자, 엘리트, 인민, 주변국가) 간의 상호작용이라는 체제변화의 주요 요소들을 이끌어낼 수 있었다. 북한은 공식제도의 신축적 변화를 통해 김일성 일가의 유전적 승계를 정당화하여 김정은의 권력을 강화하고 있으며 이 과정에서 부상하는 경쟁세력에 대한 제거나 통제도 이루어져 엘리트의 분열도 차단되고 있다. 또한 국가의 통제와 사회구조의 제약으로 인민들의 자발적 연대는 불가능할 것이다. 주변국인 중국도 북한정권과의 우호관계를 위해 인민이나 경쟁세력에 대한 지원을 막고 있으며 미국은 북한의 변화가 선행되어야 체제변화에 개입할 것으로 예상된다. 일반요소를 분석한 결과 현재 김정은의 권력집중화 현상으로 보아 급진적인 북한의 체제변화 가능성은 낮지만 정치와 경제제도의 부조화와 행위자의 상호작용 가운데 체제변화의 가능성은 상존한다. Two recent monumental changes in Asia, the North Korean hereditary succession and the Arab Spring, reinvigorate discussions on regime change in North Korea. However, previous studies on the North Korean regime change tend to be limited to general assessments of North Korea`s intrinsic political system or comparative analyses to other socialist states, such as the Soviet Union, China and Vietnam. Some of them lacks academic value, since their discussions are dominated by ideological competition between liberals and conservatives, Thus, this paper aims to provide a wholistic review on the political change in North Korea through a comprehensive study on previous works pertaining to regime change in regions, including South America, Eastern Europe and the Middle East following the advent of the Jasmine Revolution. It introduces a framework of institutions and interaction among four actors - political leaders, elites, the people, and neighboring countries-as well as the prospects for the possibility of a North Korean regime change, To solidify the foundations of Kim Jong-un`s reign, North Korea has revised formal institutions and glorified the Kim family and their accomplishments. In the process, division among the elites has been obstructed by the removal of political rivals and potential threats. Any voluntary uprising by the people is highly unlikely under the North Korean authority`s control and repression. China, its most influential neighbor, has blocked support to anti-government groups and rival powers in order to maintain its friendly relationship with the Kim Jong-un regime. Moreover, another important actor, the United States, will not intervene in North Korean internal affairs unless North Korea changes its attitude. Therefore, this paper concludes that possibility of a North Korean regime change in the near future is low.
Detection of Differentially Expressed Gene Sets in a Partially Paired Microarray Data Set
Lim, Johan,Kim, Jayoun,Kim, Sang-cheol,Yu, Donghyeon,Kim, Kyunga,Kim, Byung Soo Walter de Gruyter GmbH 2012 Statistical applications in genetics and molecular Vol.11 No.3
<P>Partially paired data sets often occur in microarray experiments (Kim et al., 2005; Liu, Liang and Jang, 2006). Discussions of testing with partially paired data are found in the literature (Lin and Stivers 1974; Ekbohm, 1976; Bhoj, 1978). Bhoj (1978) initially proposed a test statistic that uses a convex combination of paired and unpaired t statistics. Kim et al. (2005) later proposed the t3 statistic, which is a linear combination of paired and unpaired t statistics, and then used it to detect differentially expressed (DE) genes in colorectal cancer (CRC) cDNA microarray data. In this paper, we extend Kim et al.'s t3 statistic to the Hotelling's T2 type statistic Tp for detecting DE gene sets of size p. We employ Efron's empirical null principle to incorporate inter-gene correlation in the estimation of the false discovery rate. Then, the proposed Tp statistic is applied to Kim et al's CRC data to detect the DE gene sets of sizes p=2 and p=3. Our results show that for small p, particularly for p=2 and marginally for p=3, the proposed Tp statistic compliments the univariate procedure by detecting additional DE genes that were undetected in the univariate test procedure. We also conduct a simulation study to demonstrate that Efron's empirical null principle is robust to the departure from the normal assumption.</P>
김하양(Hayang Kim),김민정(Minjung Kim),김경애(Kyungae Kim),김진태(Jintae Kim),이승준(Seungjun Lee) 한국방송·미디어공학회 2004 한국방송공학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.2004 No.-
Wireless sensor network을 위한 MAC(Medium Access Control) layer를 low-rate WPAN을 목적으로 한 IEEE 802.15.4 사양에 따라 구현하고 검증하였다. 센서 네트워크의 노드는 배터리로 동작하므로 에너지 소모가 가장 큰 걸림돌이 된다. power saving을 위한 몇 가지 방법을 포함한 IEEE 802.15.4 MAC protocol을 구현함으로써 wireless sensor network에 적용 가능함을 보였다.
Modified partial least squares method implementing mixed-effect model
Kyunga Kim,Shin-Jae Lee,Soo-Heang Eo,HyungJun Cho,Jae Won Lee 한국통계학회 2023 Communications for statistical applications and me Vol.30 No.1
Contemporary biomedical data often involve an ill-posed problem owing to small sample size and large number of multi-collinear variables. Partial least squares (PLS) method could be a plausible alternative to an ill-conditioned ordinary least squares. However, in the case of a PLS model that includes a random-effect, how to deal with a random-effect or mixed effects remains a widely open question worth further investigation. In the present study, we propose a modified multivariate PLS method implementing mixed-effect model (PLSM). The advantage of PLSM is its versatility in handling serial longitudinal data or its ability for taking a random-effect into account. We conduct simulations to investigate statistical properties of PLSM, and showcase its real clinical application to predict treatment outcome of esthetic surgical procedures of human faces. The proposed PLSM seemed to be particularly beneficial 1) when random-effect is conspicuous; 2) the number of predictors is relatively large compared to the sample size; 3) the multicollinearity is weak or moderate; and/or 4) the random error is considerable.