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Suppression of Clubroot Formation in Chinese Cabbage by the Chitin Compost and Broth
Jin Rong De,Han Tae-o,Kim Yong-oong,Kim Kil-ong The Korean Society for Applied Biological Chemistr 2006 Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry (J. Appl. Vol.49 No.4
Chitin compost and broth were used to suppress club root. Individual cabbage seedlings were transplanted into pots(3500 ml) containing a mixture of 3% chitin compost and 50 ml of chitin broth (T1) or the same quantity control compost and control compost broth(T2). The media in each pot was then infected with Plasmodiophora brassicae. Samples were taken at 6, 7 and 8 weeks after transplanting. The population of chitinase producing bacteria in T1 was consistently larger than that observed in T2. Chitinase activity in the T1 rhizosphere was two-fold greater than that of T2 at each time point observed. Shoot dry weight, leaf number and leaf area in T1 were enhanced 20%, 10% and 12% relative to those seen in T2, respectively. The disease index and root mortality at 8 weeks after transplanting were reduced by 50% and 25% in T1 compared to T2, respectively. Results presented in this study are strongly indicative that chitin compost and broth suppress clubroot in Chinese cabbage.
Propofol-N2O-O2 마취 시 저농도 Ketamine 의 지속주입이 Bispectral Index 및 마취로부터의 회복에 미치는 영향
이성우,이동호,김동희,이승준,이병상,김대우,길호영,유홍성,이성익,전연수,원임수 대한마취과학회 2000 Korean Journal of Anesthesiology Vol.38 No.4
Background : Ketamine as an analgesic adjunct in propofol-based anesthesia has the benefit of patent analgesic action and more stable vital signs due to sympathetic stimulation. However, its impact an tl bispetral index mnd speed of recovery is still controvertial. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of continuous infusion of low cpncentrations of ketamine (0.1㎍/ml) on the bispectral index and speed of recovery from propofol-N_2O-O_2 anesthesia. Methods : Forty ASA I or II adult patients scheduled for elective orthopedic surgery were randomly allocated to one. of two groups according to intraoperative ketamine use. In group P, anesthesia was induced and maintained with propafol (Ct: 3-6 ㎍/ml), 67% nitrous oxide and 33% oxygen and the target concentration of propofol was kept at 4 ㎍/ml at least 20 min before the end of propofol infusion. In group P + K, the methnd of anesthesia was same as in group P, but the low concentration (0, 1 ㎍/ml) of ketamine was continuously infused until discontiion of propofo! using computer-assisted cotinuous infusion, Bispectral index, recovery time from anesthesia, current/effect concentration of drugs, vital signs before and at induction, end of drug infusion, eye opening time on verbal command, and orientation time were checked. Results: Changes in vital signs showed no differences between the groups. For bispectral index, there was no difference between groups initially, but it was higher (4―8) after the end of drug infusion in group P + K than in group P. Also, recovery from anesthesia was delayed significantly in group P + K (P $lt; 0.05). Conclusions : From these observations, we concluded that the use of low concentrations of ketamine during propofol-N_2O-O_2 anesthesia increased BIS, delayed eye opening and recovery from anesthesia without any benefit to vital sign stability. ( Korean J Anesthesiol 2000; 38 : 591-597 )