SARS-CoV-2 infection engenders heterogeneous ribonucleoprotein interactions to impede translation elongation in the lungs

Kim Junsoo,Youn Daehwa,Choi Seunghoon,Lee Youn Woo,Sumberzul Dulguun,Yoon Jeongeun,Lee Hanju,Bae Jong Woo,Noh Hyuna,On Dain,Hong Seung-Min,An Se-Hee,Jang Hui Jeong,Kim Seo Yeon,Kim Young Been,Hwang Ji 생화학분자생물학회 2023 Experimental and molecular medicine Vol.55 No.-

Translational regulation in tissue environments during in vivo viral pathogenesis has rarely been studied due to the lack of translatomes from virus-infected tissues, although a series of translatome studies using in vitro cultured cells with viral infection have been reported. In this study, we exploited tissue-optimized ribosome profiling (Ribo-seq) and severe-COVID-19 model mice to establish the first temporal translation profiles of virus and host genes in the lungs during SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis. Our datasets revealed not only previously unknown targets of translation regulation in infected tissues but also hitherto unreported molecular signatures that contribute to tissue pathology after SARS-CoV-2 infection. Specifically, we observed gradual increases in pseudoribosomal ribonucleoprotein (RNP) interactions that partially overlapped the trails of ribosomes, being likely involved in impeding translation elongation. Contemporaneously developed ribosome heterogeneity with predominantly dysregulated 5 S rRNP association supported the malfunction of elongating ribosomes. Analyses of canonical Ribo-seq reads (ribosome footprints) highlighted two obstructive characteristics to host gene expression: ribosome stalling on codons within transmembrane domain-coding regions and compromised translation of immunity- and metabolism-related genes with upregulated transcription. Our findings collectively demonstrate that the abrogation of translation integrity may be one of the most critical factors contributing to pathogenesis after SARS-CoV-2 infection of tissues.

Doping-Concentration-Dependent Electric and Thermoelectric Properties of 2-Dimensional Silicon Thin Films

Junsoo Kim,Soo-Jung Kim,Jung Yoon Kwon,Wonchul Choi,Hyuk Jin Kim,Taekwang Kim,Sol Yee Im,Jaewoo Lee,이승민,장문규,Seung Eon Moon 한국물리학회 2016 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.68 No.12

To study the electric and the thermoelectric properties of silicon thin films (SiTFs), we fabricated devices having SiTFs by using conventional complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS)- compatible processes for mass production and extendibility. The conductivities and the Seebeck coefficients of SiTFs for dose concentrations of 5 × 1014 cm−2, 1 × 1015 cm−2 and 5 × 1015 cm−2 and for temperatures in the range of 310 to 430 K were measured by using homemade setup. The measured power factors of the SiTFs showed a slight increasing tendency with increasing measurement temperature and were maximum at a dose concentration of 1 × 1015 cm−2 for both n- and p-type films at 330 K.

단일 유동 내 일렬로 배열된 탄성 시트의 스냅 스루 운동

김준수(Junsoo Kim),김현성(Hyeonseong Kim),김대겸(Daegyoum Kim) 대한기계학회 2019 대한기계학회 춘추학술대회 Vol.2019 No.11

단일 유동 내의 일렬로 배열된 탄성 시트의 스냅 스루 운동

김준수(Junsoo Kim),김현성(Hyeonseong Kim),김대겸(Daegyoum Kim) 대한기계학회 2019 대한기계학회 춘추학술대회 Vol.2019 No.4

Effect of interpass distance on the arc stability and its effect on the automated wire arc additive manufacturing of 5 Cr - 4 Mo tool steel

Jae-Deuk Kim(김재득),JooYong Cheon(천주용),JaeHun Kim(김재훈),JaeWon kim(김재원),Junsoo Kim(김준수),Hyunwook Jun(전현욱),Wonho Kim(김원호),Changwook Ji(지창욱) 대한용접·접합학회 2021 대한용접학회 특별강연 및 학술발표대회 개요집 Vol.2021 No.5

Recently, global environmental regulations getting more strict, and hence it is increasing that the interest and investment of automobile companies on the aluminum die casting parts to make light-weight vehicles. Die casting molds are fabricated by the machining of billets of tool steels such as AISI 4140 or H13, in general. But, it has disadvantages like a large material loss and long lead time. Meanwhile, a Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM) process could be an alternative fabrication method of the die casting mold. It has advantages such as less material loss, short lead time, easy repair and modification, the chance to make a reinforced mold using dissimilar materials, etc. The 5 Cr - 4 Mo tool steel wire is a commercial tool steel solid wire which designed for the repair and modification of tools and molds. It has superior hot wear resistance and toughness as well as the high strength, thus has high potential to produce die casting molds via the WAAM process. On the other hand, the WAAM process is basically the process that stacking the layers repetitively using a conventional arc welding process based on the designed tool paths by CAD/CAM. Thus, the predictability and the reproducibility of every single layer are the most important core factor to obtain the advantages of the automated WAAM process. Due to its nature, a new process parameter whose named an interpass distance should be considered as well as the conventional process parameters such as current, voltage, travel speed, etc. However, there are lack of researches on the interpass distance of WAAM process. In this research, it was found that the interpass distance greatly affect the arc stability due to arc interference induced by the variation of distance from the prior deposited pass. That is to say that the more arc interference was observed as the less interpass distance was given. This phenomenon had been proven through the analysis of high-speed camera results and the variation in the amount of spatter. Further, it was observed that the interpass distance affects the dimension precision and predictability of automated WAAM process of the 5 Cr - 4 Mo tool steel. And it was found the critical interpass distance that could be utilized in the automated WAAM process of the 5 Cr - 4 Mo tool steel. The effect of the interpass distance on the arc interference would exist unless the interpass distance would be given over 100 %, thus, it is important to find out a point of compromise based on the arc stability, dimension predictability, and reproducibility.

국내 주요 외식 및 가공식품의 비타민 K 함량 분석

김예진(Yejin Kim),김건오(Keono Kim),김급래(Keup-rae Kim),김준호(Jun Ho Kim),이동희(Donghui Lee),권시용(Siyong Kwon),이준수(Junsoo Lee),장금일(Keum-ll Jang),김병희(Byung Hee Kim),성지혜(Jeehye Sung) 한국식품영양과학회 2022 한국식품영양과학회지 Vol.51 No.1

발아에 따른 팥의 유리형 및 결합형 기능성분 변화

김민영(Min Young Kim),장귀영(Gwi Yeong Jang),오남석(Nam Seok Oh),백소윤(So Yune Baek),김길호(Kil Ho Kim),김경미(Kyung Mi Kim),김홍식(Hongsik Kim),이준수(Junsoo Lee),정헌상(Heon Sang Jeong) 한국식품영양과학회 2017 한국식품영양과학회지 Vol.46 No.8

본 연구에서는 발아에 의한 팥의 기능성분 변화를 살펴보기 위하여 6일 동안 발아시키면서 유리형 및 결합형 폴리페놀, 플라보노이드, 페놀산 및 안토시아닌의 변화를 분석하였다. 유리형 폴리페놀 및 플라보노이드 함량은 발아기간이 증가함에 따라 각각 약 2.6배 및 5배 정도 증가하였으며, 결합형 폴리페놀 및 플라보노이드 함량은 발아 초기 감소하였다가 발아 3일 및 2일 이후 각각 증가하였다. 발아기간에 따른 구성 페놀산의 변화의 경우 ferulic acid, veratric acid, hesperidin, salicylic acid, naringenin 및 hesperidin과 총 페놀산은 유리형 및 결합형 페놀산 함량이 모두 증가하였지만, 안토시아닌 및 안토시아니딘은 침지 및 발아과정에서 손실되어 감소하였다. 본 연구 결과 팥을 발아시킬 경우 폴리페놀, 플라보노이드 및 페놀산 함량이 증가함에 따라 팥에 함유된 기능성분의 이용성을 증대시키기 위해서는 발아공정의 적용이 효과적이라고 판단된다. This study was performed to investigate the changes between free and bound forms of bioactive compounds in germinated adzuki bean. Adzuki bean was germinated at 25°C for 6 days, and then free and bound forms of bioactive compounds were extracted. Total free polyphenol and flavonoid contents in of raw adzuki bean increased from 0.91 mg/g and 0.60 mg/g in before germination to 2.37 mg/g and 3.03 mg/g in at 6 days after germination, respectively. Bound polyphenol, flavonoid, and phenolic acid contents also increased with increasing germination periods, whereas bound polyphenol and flavonoid contents slightly reduced in at 2 days after germination. The total phenolic acid contents, including ferulic acid, veratric acid, hesperidin, salicylic acid, naringenin, and hesperidin, increased during germination, and germination process can convert compounds to phenolic acid via anabolism and catabolism. Total anthocyanin and anthocyanidin contents of adzuki bean decreased during germination due to hydration by water during soaking or enzyme activation of anthocyanase during germination. These results suggest that the germination process increased utilization of functional compounds such as phenolic compound and isoflavones in black soybean.

발아 기간에 따른 벼(Oryza sativa L.)의 항산화활성과 in vitro 항암활성

김현영(Hyun Young Kim),이상훈(Sang Hoon Lee),황인국(In Guk Hwang),김태명(Tae Myoung Kim),박동식(Dong Sik Park),김재현(Jae Hyun Kim),김대중(Dae Joong Kim),이준수(Junsoo Lee),정헌상(Heon Sang Jeong) 한국식품영양과학회 2012 한국식품영양과학회지 Vol.41 No.1

발아기간에 따른 발아 벼 추출물의 항산화성분, 항산화활성 및 암세포주 성장억제효과를 살펴보았다. 발아는 0, 2, 4, 6 및 8일 동안 진행하였으며, 발아 후 70% 에탄올로 추출물을 제조하였다. 발아가 진행됨에 따라 항산화성분 및 항산화활성은 2~4일까지는 증가하였다가 그 이후에는 감소하였다. 총 폴리페놀 함량은 발아 4일차에서 4.05 mg/g으로 가장 높았으며, DPPH 라디칼 소거능은 0, 2, 4, 6 및 8일차 각각 29.25, 34.82, 31.17, 26.27 및 18.51%로 발아 2일차에 가장 높았으며, 총 항산화력은 발아기간별로 각각 3.05, 3.17, 3.84, 2.43 및 2.167 mg AA eq/100 g으로 발아 4일차에서 가장 높게 나타났다. 환원력 또한 발아 4일차에 1.25로 가장 높게 나타났다. 암세포주 성장억제효과는 위암세포주(AGS) 보다 대장암세포주(HCT-116)에서 높게 나타났다. 이상의 결과로부터 생리활성 증가를 위해서 벼를 발아시킬 경우 3~4일이 적당한 것으로 판단되며, 추후 새로운 물질의 생성과 생리활성 성분들에 대한 연구가 더 진행되어야 할 것으로 판단된다. This study was conducted on the antioxidant activity and in vitro anticancer effects of rough rice (Oryza sativa L.) by germination periods. Rough rice was germinated at 37℃ for 8 days and then extracted with 70% ethanol. It was then analyzed for total polyphenol content, reducing power, antioxidant activities, and in vitro anticancer effects. Total polyphenol content increased from 3.12 mg/g for raw rough rice to 4.05 mg/g at 4 days of germination. Also reducing power increased from 0.96 to 1.25 (p<0.05). DPPH radical scavenging activity increased from 29.25% at 0 day to 34.82% at 2 days. ABTS radical scavenging activity increased from 3.05 mg AA eq/100 g at 0 day to 3.84 mg AA eq/100 g at 4 days, and then decreased afterward. The anticancer effect of ethanol extract at 4 days on stomach cancer cell line (AGS) and colon cancer cell line (HCT-116) showed higher values compared with raw rough rice extract. These results suggest that the best germination periods for increasing biological activities may be 3~4 days.

발아 벼 부위별 추출물의 항산화활성과 Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Ⅰ 저해활성

김현영(Hyun Young Kim),황인국(In Guk Hwang),김태명(Tae Myoung Kim),박동식(Dong Sik Park),김재현(Jae Hyun Kim),김대중(Dae Joong Kim),이준수(Junsoo Lee),정헌상(Heon Sang Jeong) 한국식품영양과학회 2011 한국식품영양과학회지 Vol.40 No.6

한국산 벼의 발아 전과 후의 부위별 및 추출용매별 항산화성분 및 활성변화를 살펴보았다. 발아 전과 후의 벼를 왕겨, 현미 및 싹으로 분리하고 각각 열수 및 70% 에탄올을 이용하여 추출하였다. 총 폴리페놀 함량은 현미 물추출물에서 발아 전 1.67에서 발아 후 5.84 ㎎/g으로 증가하였으며, DPPH 라디칼소거능은 벼 에탄올추출물에서 발아 전 22.95%에서 발아 후 31.32%로 증가하였지만 왕겨와 현미 부분에서는 발아 후 감소하였다. 총 항산화력은 에탄올추출물에서 발아 전과 후에 큰 차이를 보이지 않았으나 싹 부분에서는 4.41 ㎎ AA eq/g으로 높게 나타났다. 환원력은 에탄올 추출물 현미에서 발아 전 0.32에서 발아 후 0.45로 증가하였다. ACE 저해활성은 왕겨에서 가장 높았으며 발아 후 증가하였다. 본 연구결과 발아 시 항산화활성이 증가하는 원인에 대한 추후 연구가 필요하다 판단된다. We investigated the changes in antioxidant and angiotensin converting enzyme Ⅰ (ACE) inhibitory activity in different parts of ‘Ilpum’ (Oryza sativa L.) rough rice before and after germination. Rough rice, either before or after germination, were separated into hull, brown rice, or sprout, and then extracted with distilled water and 70% ethanol. After germination, the total polyphenol contents of the distilled water extract of the brown rice was higher than before germination (5.84 and 1.67 ㎎/g, respectively). The DPPH radical scavenging activity on the unseparated rough rice ethanol extract increased from 22.95% before germination to 31.32% after germination, but it decreased in both the hull and brown rice extracts. The ABTS radical scavenging activity was highest in the sprout extract with a value of 4.41 ㎎ AA eq/g. The reducing power of the brown rice ethanol extract increased from 0.32 before germination to 0.45 after germination. The ACE inhibitory activity of the in hull ethanol extract increased after germination. These results indicate that antioxidant capacity increases in the hull and sprout after germination could be considered having significant health benefits.

발아기간에 따른 벼(Oryza sativa L.)의 화학성분 변화

김현영(Hyun Young Kim),황인국(In Guk Hwang),김태명(Tae Myoung Kim),박동식(Dong Sik Park),김재현(Jae Hyun Kim),김대중(Dae Joong Kim),이연리(Youn Ri Lee),이준수(Junsoo Lee),정헌상(Heon Sang Jeong) 한국식품영양과학회 2011 한국식품영양과학회지 Vol.40 No.9

본 연구에서는 벼의 적당한 발아기간을 선정하기 위하여 발아기간에 따른 다양한 성분변화를 살펴보았다. 조단백질은 발아 0일차의 71.67mg/g에서 발아 8일차에는 85.20mg/g으로, 조지방은 2.19%에서 3.58%로 발아기간이 증가할수록 증가하였으나(p<0.05) 조회분은 큰 차이를 보이지 않았다. Phytic acid는 발아가 진행됨에 따라서 6.25mg/g(0일차) 에서 1.54mg/g(8일차)으로 많은 감소를 보였으며(p<0.05), 유리지방산은 0.17%에서 0.32%로 증가하였다. 발아 벼의 지방산은 oleic acid(C18:1)가 가장 많았으며, 발아기간의 증가에 따라 약간의 감소를 보였으나 유의차는 없었다(p>0.05). 비타민 E와 γ-oryzanol은 발아 0일차에 각각 2.94 mg/100 g 및 6.47 mg/g에서 발아 4일차에 5.55 mg/100 g 및 8.16 mg/g으로 증가하였다가 그 이후에는 감소하였다. 본 연구 결과 기능성성분 함량을 높이기 위해서는 3~4일 간의 발아가 적당한 것으로 판단되며, 다양한 생리활성에 대한 추가적인 연구가 필요하리라 판단된다. We evaluated changes in the chemical composition of rough rice (Oryza sativa L.) according to germination period. Rough rice was germinated at 37℃ for 8 days. Crude protein content increased from 71.67 mg/g in raw rough rice to 85.20 mg/g after 8 days of germination. Crude lipid content increased from 2.19% to 3.58% (p<0.05), whereas crude ash was not significantly changed. Phytic acid content decreased from 6.25 mg/g in raw rough rice to 1.54 mg/g after 8 days of germination. Free fatty acid content increased from 0.17% to 0.32% during 8 days of germination. Major fatty acids were palmitic, oleic, and linoleic acids, and total fatty acid content increased up to 95%. Vitamin E and γ-oryzanol contents in raw rough rice were 2.94 mg/100 g and 6.47 mg/g, respectively, increased to 5.55 mg/100 g and 8.16 mg/g after 4 days of germination, and then decreased afterward. These results indicate that the optimum germination period of rough rice for increasing functional components may be 3~4 days.