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Comparison of Streptococcus mutans Biofilm Formation on Dental Materials
Byeng-Ken Cho,Myung-Sook Kim,Ja-Won Cho 대한예방치과학회 2015 International Journal of Clinical Preventive Denti Vol.11 No.4
Objective: The authors had conducted this study for the purpose to compare the adhesion level of Streptococcus mutans to various oral appliance materials. Methods: Six kinds of materials were used in this study. Bioplast, Sofliner Tough Medium, Duran, Ortho-Jet, Lucitone 199, Tokuyama Rebase II were selected. S. mutans ATCC 25175 was purchased from American Type Culture Collection and cultured with brain-heart infusion (BHI) broth. For biofilm formation, S. mutans was cultured in BHI broth supplemented 1% sucrose. S. mutans was mixed BHI broth including 2% sucrose after cultivation for overnight. And, formation and observation of whole bacteria and S. mutans in salivary biofilm on specimens, and measurement of saliva protein on specimen were carried out. Results: The adhesion level of S. mutans and whole bacteria is lower in resilient materials than in rigid materials. Sportguard wafer is the lowest adhesion level of S. mutans and whole bacteria among the resilient materials. There were no differences of adhesion level of S. mutans and whole bacteria among the rigid materials (p<0.05). Saliva protein was more attached on rigid materials than on resilient materials. Conclusion: It was recommended to clean the oral appliance periodically.
150[kW]급 EV구동용 IPMSM의 d-q축 파라미터를 통한 출력 산정
조규원(Gyu-Won Cho),김희운(Hee-Woon Kim),박성환(Sung-Hwan Park),김승기(Seung-ki Kim),조원혁(Won-Hyuk Cho),송명근(Myong-ken Song) 대한전기학회 2021 대한전기학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.2021 No.11
본 논문에서는 모터의 출력을 유한요소해석과 이를 통해 도출된 d,q축 파라미터를 이용한 방정식 계산을 각각 수행하고 파라미터의 변화 양상을 백터도를 통해 도출하였다. 그리고 실험을 통해 계산의 타당성을 검증하였다.
Cho, Wan-Seob,Thielbeer, Frank,Duffin, Rodger,Johansson, Emma M. V.,Megson, Ian L.,MacNee, William,Bradley, Mark,Donaldson, Ken Informa UK, Ltd. 2014 Nanotoxicology Vol.8 No.2
<P>Nano materials are commonly functionalized to boost their physicochemical properties. However, there is little known about the impact of these modifications on cellular systems. Herein, we synthesized eight types of polymeric nanoparticles (NPs) bearing different functional groups, and investigated their effects on interactions with cellular membranes. As models for particle membrane interactions, hemolysis assays using human red blood cells and culture with A549 cells were utilized. Under protein-free conditions, the NPs showed a wide distribution of zeta potentials (ζPs) which showed a good correlation with their hemolytic potential. However, in the presence of serum or lung lining fluid, the ζPs of all NPs coalesced towards a single common negative value and showed neither hemolytic activity nor cytotoxicity to A549 cells. Lipase and protease treatment of the coronated particles did not restore their reactivity. These result simply proves that particle functionalization influences the stability of the particle corona which, if intact, prevents hemolytic activity and membrane disrupture.</P>
뇌혈류변화를 동반한 뇌혈관 질환에서의 혈관 크기의 변화
조용준,김창현,곽동근,박세혁,이규호 대한신경외과학회 1992 Journal of Korean neurosurgical society Vol.21 No.4
It has been known that the size of arterial diameter during growth in primates is closely dependent on blood flow. Flow induced arterial size can be influenced by contractile or structual characters of vascular smooth muscle cells. Furthermore it had been confirmed through experimental study that vascular endothelium releases vasoactive substances which adjust smooth muscle tone, and could detect shear stress on the vascular wall by its direct contact with luminal flow. The authors tried to prove it through the angiographic measurement of the major vessel sizes in cerebrovascular diseases with changed blood flow. We measured the major vessel sizes of 36 cases of cerebrovascular diseases : arteriovenous malformation in 14 cases, cerebral infarction in 8, cerebral hemiatrophy in 6, moyamoya disease 5, occlusion of the internal carotid artery in 2, and carotid-cavernous fistula in 1, which may influence cerebral, blood flow, on angiography under the same circumstances. Results are as the followings : 1) In the cases of arteriovenous malformation and carotid-cavernous fistula, all of the major vessel sizes of the lesion site were increased and all became decreased postoperatively. 2) In the cases of major vessel occlusion and cerebral hemiatrophy, the major vessel size of the lesion site was smaller than that of the normal site. 3) In the cases of moyamoya disease, there was no definite size difference between both ICA sizes. In conclusion, the change in cerebral blood flow is a determinant factor of the major vessel sizes in the cases of cerebrovascular disorders which can influence cerebral blood flow.
Kato, Ken,Cho, Byoung Chul,Takahashi, Masanobu,Okada, Morihito,Lin, Chen-Yuan,Chin, Keisho,Kadowaki, Shigenori,Ahn, Myung-Ju,Hamamoto, Yasuo,Doki, Yuichiro,Yen, Chueh-Chuan,Kubota, Yutaro,Kim, Sung-Ba ELSEVIER 2019 LANCET ONCOLOGY Vol.20 No.11
<P><B>Summary</B></P> <P><B>Background</B></P> <P>Chemotherapy for patients with advanced oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma offers poor long-term survival prospects. We report the final analysis from our study of the immune checkpoint PD-1 inhibitor nivolumab versus chemotherapy in patients with previously treated advanced oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma.</P> <P><B>Methods</B></P> <P>We did a multicentre, randomised, open-label, phase 3 trial (ATTRACTION-3) at 90 hospitals and cancer centres in Denmark, Germany, Italy, Japan, South Korea, Taiwan, the UK, and the USA. We enrolled patients aged 20 years and older with unresectable advanced or recurrent oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (regardless of PD-L1 expression), at least one measurable or non-measurable lesion per Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) version 1.1, a baseline Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status of 0–1, and who were refractory or intolerant to one previous fluoropyrimidine-based and platinum-based chemotherapy and had a life expectancy of at least 3 months. Patients were randomly assigned (1:1) to either nivolumab (240 mg for 30 min every 2 weeks) or investigator's choice of chemotherapy (paclitaxel 100 mg/m<SUP>2</SUP> for at least 60 min once per week for 6 weeks then 1 week off; or docetaxel 75 mg/m<SUP>2</SUP> for at least 60 min every 3 weeks), all given intravenously. Treatment continued until disease progression assessed by the investigator per RECIST version 1.1 or unacceptable toxicity. Randomisation was done using an interactive web response system with a block size of four and stratified according to geographical region (Japan <I>vs</I> rest of the world), number of organs with metastases, and PD-L1 expression. Patients and investigators were not masked to treatment allocation. The primary endpoint was overall survival, defined as the time from randomisation until death from any cause, in the intention-to-treat population that included all randomly assigned patients. Safety was assessed in all patients who received at least one dose of the assigned treatment. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT02569242, and follow-up for long-term outcomes is ongoing.</P> <P><B>Findings</B></P> <P>Between Jan 7, 2016, and May 25, 2017, we assigned 419 patients to treatment: 210 to nivolumab and 209 to chemotherapy. At the time of data cutoff on Nov 12, 2018, median follow-up for overall survival was 10·5 months (IQR 4·5–19·0) in the nivolumab group and 8·0 months (4·6–15·2) in the chemotherapy group. At a minimum follow-up time (ie, time from random assignment of the last patient to data cutoff) of 17·6 months, overall survival was significantly improved in the nivolumab group compared with the chemotherapy group (median 10·9 months, 95% CI 9·2–13·3 <I>vs</I> 8·4 months, 7·2–9·9; hazard ratio for death 0·77, 95% CI 0·62–0·96; p=0·019). 38 (18%) of 209 patients in the nivolumab group had grade 3 or 4 treatment-related adverse events compared with 131 (63%) of 208 patients in the chemotherapy group. The most frequent grade 3 or 4 treatment-related adverse events were anaemia (four [2%]) in the nivolumab group and decreased neutrophil count (59 [28%]) in the chemotherapy group. Five deaths were deemed treatment-related: two in the nivolumab group (one each of interstitial lung disease and pneumonitis) and three in the chemotherapy group (one each of pneumonia, spinal cord abscess, and interstitial lung disease).</P> <P><B>Interpretation</B></P> <P>Nivolumab was associated with a significant improvement in overall survivaland a favourable safety profile compared with chemotherapy in previously treated patients with advanced oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma, and might represent a new standard second-line treatment option for these patients.