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Karunakaran, K.,Govindan, M.,Moon, I.S. Korean Society of Industrial and Engineering Chemi 2016 Journal of industrial and engineering chemistry Vol.42 No.-
A combination of potential widening and electrocatalyst bimetallic oxide CoO<SUB>x</SUB>/PbO<SUB>2</SUB> was chemically synthesized at room temperature for the first time. Nano-metals of Pb and Co were synthesized by using NaBH<SUB>4</SUB> in presence of surfactant solution, then the respective metal oxides made by addition of NaOCl. Analyses results obtained by XRD, SEM, TEM, XPS, UV-Visible, and FTIR indicated the resulting products were PbO<SUB>2</SUB> and CoO<SUB>x</SUB>. The mixed CoO<SUB>x</SUB>/PbO<SUB>2</SUB> oxide prepared in this manner demonstrated a crystalline morphology. CoO<SUB>x</SUB>/PbO<SUB>2</SUB> mixed oxides with different Co to Pb ratios were investigated to understand whether the prepared CoO<SUB>x</SUB>/PbO<SUB>2</SUB> oxides are in guest/host stack arrangement. XRD, XPS, and TEM analyses of at a Pb to Co ratio of 1:1 ratio revealed the formation of bimetallic oxides of CoO<SUB>x</SUB>/PbO<SUB>2</SUB> and rod like morphology of pure CoO<SUB>x</SUB> turned to spherical like morphology with PbO<SUB>2</SUB> demonstrated CoO<SUB>x</SUB> as guest of PbO<SUB>2</SUB>. For CoO<SUB>x</SUB>/PbO<SUB>2</SUB> produced at higher Co to Pb ratios CoO<SUB>x</SUB> dominated the surface, meaning PbO<SUB>2</SUB> was a guest of CoO<SUB>x</SUB>. The described optimized method provides a straightforward, convenient way of synthesizing nano-mixed metal oxides at low temperature.
Karunakaran, Gopalu,Suriyaprabha, Rangaraj,Rajendran, Venkatachalam,Kannan, Narayanasamy Techno-Press 2015 Advances in nano research Vol.3 No.4
In this investigation, ecotoxicity of nano and micro metal oxides, namely silica ($SiO_2$) and alumina ($Al_2O_3$), on the growth of green algae (Porphyridium aerugineum Geitler) is discussed. Effects of nano and micro particles on the growth, chlorophyll content and protein content of algae are analysed using standard protocols. Results indicate that $SiO_2$ nano and micro $SiO_2$ particles are non-toxic to P. aerugineum Geitler up to a concentration of 1000 mg/L. In addition, $Al_2O_3$ microparticles are less toxic to P. aerugineum Geitler, whereas $Al_2O_3$ nanoparticles are found to be highly toxic at 1000 mg/L. Moreover, $Al_2O_3$ nanoparticles decrease the growth, chlorophyll content, and protein content of tested algae. In addition, zeta potential and contact angle are also important in enhancing the toxicity of metal oxide nanoparticles in aquatic environment. This study highlights a new insight into toxicity evaluation of nanoparticles on beneficial aquatic organisms such as algae.
Efficient Photocatalytic Degradation of Salicylic Acid by Bactericidal ZnO
Karunakaran, Chockalingam,Naufal, Binu,Gomathisankar, Paramasivan Korean Chemical Society 2012 대한화학회지 Vol.56 No.1
Salicylic acid degrades at different rates under UV-A light on $TiO_2$, ZnO, CuO, $Fe_2O_3$, $Fe_3O_4$ and $ZrO_2$ nanocrystals and all the oxides exhibit sustainable photocatalysis. While ZnO-photocatalysis displays Langmuir-Hinshelwood kinetics the others follow first order on [salicylic acid]. The degradation on all the oxides enhance with illumination intensity. Dissolved oxygen is essential for the photodegradation. ZnO is the most efficient photocatalyst to degrade salicylic acid. Besides serving as the effective photocatalyst to degrade salicylic acid it also acts as a bactericide and inactivates E.coli even in absence of direct light.
Karunakaran Chockalingam,Singh I. Jeba,Vinayagamoorthy Pazhamalai 한국세라믹학회 2023 한국세라믹학회지 Vol.60 No.2
Cubic Ag2O-deposited anatase TiO2 nanospheres with cubic Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4-core have been obtained by a 2-stage synthesis. They have been characterized by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, high-resolution scanning and transmission electron microscopies, X-ray and selected area electron diffractometries, vibrating sample magnetometry, nitrogen adsorption and desorption, and UV–visible diffuse reflectance and photoluminescence spectroscopies. The synthesized samples are superparamagnetic and absorb UV-A light and visible light in the entire wavelength range. Structure directing agent polyvinylpyrrolidone provides little influence on the Ag2O-capping process. The synthesized Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4-core/Ag2O-capped TiO2-shell nanospheres are whole visible light-active magnetically recoverable photocatalyst; capped Ag2O sensitizes anatase TiO2 under whole visible light and the ferrite core buried in TiO2 lattice enables magnetic recovery of the photocatalytic nanospheres.
Deep Learning Based Diabetes Mellitus Prediction for Healthcare Monitoring
Karunakaran Deepa,Chandran Ranjeeth Kumar 대한전기학회 2023 Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology Vol.18 No.6
Ongoing monitoring has been required for the chronic diseases like Diabetes Mellitus, which can be expensive for both governments and households. The burden of disease management and treatment increases based on the leading of proper monitoring to higher costs and adverse health outcomes. In this study, in the presences of diabetic diseases the surveillances has an intelligent architecture. Using sensors built into smartphones and other smart portable devices, this architecture will enable doctors to remotely monitor the health of their patients. The proposed architecture uses attention-based gated recurrent units to construct an intelligent algorithm that was created to determine whether such a exceeding limit has been required in the parameter, which may or may not involve urgency. We created a small portable gadget that can measure body temperature and for diabetics they need blood glucose to check the amount of glucose to confirm that this system is operating as intended. By distinguishing between cases that were properly and wrongly categorized relative to the total number of instances, we present the effectiveness of various machine learning classifiers. F1-score, recall, error rate, accuracy, and precision attributes were used to determine performance. Results of several parameter analyses are documented. The effectiveness of various categorization algorithms based on different characteristics. We can draw the conclusion that deep learning-based categorization techniques surpass all others since they provide the highest accuracy.
Karunakaran Vijayalakshmi,Kandadai Nagaratnam Srinivas 대한전기학회 2023 Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology Vol.18 No.3
This paper presents the electromagnetic analysis, vibration analysis and thermal analysis of a 6/4 pole, 1.1 kW switched reluctance motor (SRM), focusing on its application to EV, in the sense that the vibration and thermal analyses are carried out at speeds of range more than 1000 rpm, which usually experienced by EV SRM. At first, electromagnetic analysis is performed for six different silicon steel materials viz., 35JN210, 35JN300, 50JN470, 50JNA350, 50JNA600 and 50JNE350, and from the results, it has been noted that the material 35JN210 has less torque ripple and a good efficiency compared to all other materials. So this material is selected for SRM structure to perform thermal and vibration analysis. SRM proves to be a suitable candidate in electric vehicle application with the limitation with respect to its vibration and noise. The noise generation during motor operation is a major concern for SRM. The main source of vibration, the radial force, is calculated using two- dimensional (2D) transient finite-element analysis (FEA).The electromagnetic analysis is performed to find out the force exerted on the stator and deformations due to that. Using these nodal forces as input, transient analysis is performed to examine the motor's vibration characteristics. By this analysis, the motor modal frequencies are examined so that the motor operation could be skipped from operating in this vibrating region when it is used in electric vehicle applications. For thermal analysis, FEA is used to calculate the heat generation and temperature distribution on different parts of the machine to estimate the thermal behaviour of the motor.
Udayakumar Karunakaran,박근규 대한당뇨병학회 2013 Diabetes and Metabolism Journal Vol.37 No.2
A growing body of evidence suggests that hyperglycemia-induced oxidative stress plays an important role in diabetic complications, especially β-cell dysfunction and failure. Under physiological conditions, reactive oxygen species serve as second messengers that facilitate signal transduction and gene expression in pancreatic β-cells. However, under pathological conditions, an imbalance in redox homeostasis leads to aberrant tissue damage and β-cell death due to a lack of antioxidant defense systems. Taking into account the vulnerability of islets to oxidative damage, induction of endogenous antioxidant enzymes or exogenous antioxidant administration has been proposed as a way to protect β-cells against diabetic insults. Here, we consider recent insights into how the redox response becomes deregulated under diabetic conditions, as well as the therapeutic benefits of antioxidants, which may provide clues for developing strategies aimed at the treatment or prevention of diabetes associated with β-cell failure.