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Nanostrutured Ba.PbO<sub>2</sub> electrode for oxidation of ammonia in alkaline solution
( Kannan Karunakaran ),( G. Muthuraman ),문일식 한국공업화학회 2015 한국공업화학회 연구논문 초록집 Vol.2015 No.1
Lead dioxide electrodes are still industrially important and cheap electrodes for energy storage and delivery applications. Thus, Pb-Ca, Pb-Ba, and Pb-Sr-Ba alloys are commercially available for the real application. Among them, Ba metal has shown enhanced electrode hardness and stability. Herein, the Ba.PbO<sub>2</sub> electrode was electrochemically prepared and utilized as NH3 sensor. At first, current density and concentration of precursor of Barium and Lead were varied, concentration ratio between Pb to Ba was also considered. All the electro-depositions were carried out at 65°C in 0.2 M H<sub>3</sub>BO<sub>3</sub>. The as prepared electrodes examined through SEM and XRD analyses. Further, the prepared electrode was subjected to determination NH<sub>3</sub> through cyclic voltammetry technique in various pH solutions.
Kannan Karunakaran,Muthuraman Govindan,문일식 한국공업화학회 2016 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.42 No.-
A combination of potential widening and electrocatalyst bimetallic oxide CoOx/PbO2 was chemicallysynthesized at room temperature for the first time. Nano-metals of Pb and Co were synthesized by usingNaBH4 in presence of surfactant solution, then the respective metal oxides made by addition of NaOCl. Analyses results obtained by XRD, SEM, TEM, XPS, UV-Visible, and FTIR indicated the resulting productswere PbO2 and CoOx. The mixed CoOx/PbO2 oxide prepared in this manner demonstrated a crystallinemorphology. CoOx/PbO2 mixed oxides with different Co to Pb ratios were investigated to understandwhether the prepared CoOx/PbO2 oxides are in guest/host stack arrangement. XRD, XPS, and TEManalyses of at a Pb to Co ratio of 1:1 ratio revealed the formation of bimetallic oxides of CoOx/PbO2 androd like morphology of pure CoOx turned to spherical like morphology with PbO2 demonstrated CoOx asguest of PbO2. For CoOx/PbO2 produced at higher Co to Pb ratios CoOx dominated the surface, meaningPbO2 was a guest of CoOx. The described optimized method provides a straightforward, convenient wayof synthesizing nano-mixed metal oxides at low temperature.
( Kannan Karunakaran ),문일식 한국공업화학회 2015 한국공업화학회 연구논문 초록집 Vol.2015 No.0
Besides stability factor of PbO2, its wider potential window can make it as anode in the electrochemical field. Alkali earthmetal oxides particulary BaO is used for Ammonia sensor. Syngeric of these two material Here in Ba.PbO2 electrode was electrochemically prepared on Ti substrate and utilized as NH3 sensor. At first, the electrodeposition was carried out at 65°C in 0.2 M H3BO3. Then, effect of current density and concentration of precursor of Barium and Lead were studied and optimized through cyclic voltammetry analysis. Further, the as prepared electrodes examined through SEM and XRD analyses. Finally, the prepared electrode was subjected to oxidize NH3, NH4Cl, and NH4CO3 through cyclic voltammetry technique in various pH solutions.
( Kannan Karunakaran ),문일식 한국공업화학회 2015 한국공업화학회 연구논문 초록집 Vol.2015 No.0
Chemical method synthesis in presence of surfactant helps to control the structure of the materials of interst due to capability to form different shapes with varying concentration above CMC value, hydrophobic corea and hydrophilic head of surfactant, which leads to formation of nano particles in defined morphology. On these basis, we have synthesized nano structured PbO2 from the mixture of PVP and Triton X-100 at room temperature. Different ratios of PVP and Triton X-100 were studied to get optimize condition to form defined PbO2. The prepared material was characterized by the XRD, SEM and TEM techniques. The Polymer doped PbO2 was subjected to study the elctrochmeical oxidation of Phenol by Cyclic Voltammtery technique.
( Kannan Karunakaran ),( Subramanian Balaji ),김정훈,이보열,문일식 한국공업화학회 2015 한국공업화학회 연구논문 초록집 Vol.2015 No.0
Zeolites are complex alumino silicate molecules with specific porosity and pore size distribution. These unique properties make them to be used as molecular sieves in many industrial applications particularly in petrochemical industries. When precursor molecules for the synthesis of zeolites are coated over alumina tubes and subjected to controlled thermal heating, zeolites are formed by in situ growth over the alumina tubes. These tubular materials with coated zeolite materials act as tubular membranes and finds use in electrochemical tubular reactors as the separator. In the present investigation we have employed zeolite coated ceramic membranes for the metal ion oxidation in sulfuric acid medium. Here, we present the results on Cobalt(II) oxidation in sulfuric acid medium carried out under the various process parameters such ascurrent density of the electrodes, metal ion concentration and concentration of the acid electrolyte.
( Kannan Karunakaran ),( Subramanian Balaji ),문일식 한국공업화학회 2015 한국공업화학회 연구논문 초록집 Vol.2015 No.0
The room temperature ionic liquids (RTILs) find use in many electrochemical applications such as electro deposition, development of gas sensors, organic synthesis, catalysis, solar cells and batteries, synthesis of novel nanostructured materials etc., due to their unique physicochemical properties. In the present report, we present the results of benzene oxidation catalyzed by Co(II) dissolved in N-butyl-N-methylpyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide ([bmpyr]+[TFSI]-). In this reaction Co(II) acts as the mediator species and first get oxidized to Co(III). This oxidized species when comes in contact with organic compound oxidizes the organic and getting reduced to Co(I). We have carried out the cyclic voltammetric investigations of Co(II) oxidation and mediated oxidation of benzene. The galvanostatic electrolysis carried out confirmed the catalyzing nature of Co(II) and the oxidation of benzene to benzoquinone.
Effect of Bi-acids in the electrochemical synthesis of PbO2 electrode and its characterisations
( Kannan Karunakaran ),( G. Muthuraman ),문일식 한국공업화학회 2015 한국공업화학회 연구논문 초록집 Vol.2015 No.1
PbO<sub>2</sub> is a semiconductor but behave like a metal due to the property of non stoichiometric ratio of Pb and oxygen in the PbO<sub>2</sub> composition. Thus, it is still used as anodic material in real application such as Ozone production, and degradation of organic pollutants. Effective coating of PbO<sub>2</sub> is a toughest issue in HNO<sub>3</sub> medium due to evolution of NO<sub>2</sub> and NO<sub>X</sub> gases during electrolysis. Therefore, addition of supporting electrolyte might minimize such problems and enhance the PbO<sub>2</sub> coating. Here, we have demonstrated some inorganic acids as a supporting electrolyte in HNO<sub>3</sub> bath with different current densities. The effective deposition of PbO<sub>2</sub> was observed in different acids combination rather than single electrolyte. The material was Characterized by the XRD, SEM and Cyclic voltammetry techniques.
Electrolytic production of peroxydiphosphoric acid in an undivided electrolytic batch cell
( Kannan Karunakaran ),( Subramanian Balaji ),김정훈,고윤선,문일식 한국공업화학회 2015 한국공업화학회 연구논문 초록집 Vol.2015 No.0
The production of oxidants are generally required for various industrial operations for many applications for the removal of trace quantity of organics, metal ion impurities, etc. Peroxydiphosphoric acid is one such strong oxidizing agents and could be produced on demand using an electrolytic cell. Here, we have shown that boron doped diamond (BDD) as the anode and Titanium and Lead as cathodes could be used to generate peroxydiphosphoric acid (H4O8P2) in high yields. The process parameters which influence this electrolytic generation are concentration of the phosphoric acid, temperature and the electrode ratio between anode and cathode. The concentration of the generated peroxy diphosphoric oxidant was found by titrimetry. It was observed that the nature of the cathode also influences the percentage yield of peroxydisulfuric acid to some extent.
Effect of Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) on the morphology of nano structured PbO<sub>2</sub>
( Kannan Karunakaran ),문일식 한국공업화학회 2014 한국공업화학회 연구논문 초록집 Vol.2014 No.1
Surfactant could change the physical and chemical property of metal oxide. Chemically synthesis metal oxide have special property such as size orientation and specific active area. In this way semiconducting metal oxide such as PbO<sub>2</sub> in presence of surfactant plays an important role due to controlling factors such as CMC value of missile, hydrophobicity and hydrophilicity of surfactant, which leads to formation of nano particles in defined morphology. On these basis, we have synthesized nano structured PbO<sub>2</sub> from the mixture of PVP and Triton x 100 at room temperature. The optimized concentration of both surfactants was studied. The material is characterized by the XRD, SEM and TEM. As a result PbO<sub>2</sub> to rod like morphology was achieved with nano in size.