韓國産 미꾸리에 關한 育種·繁殖學的 硏究 : Ⅵ. Histological Changes of Pituitary Gland and Oocytes from March to May Ⅵ. 계절에 따른 암컷의 腦下垂體와 卵母細胞의 組織學的 變化

姜京來,盧淳昌,尹鍾萬,朴弘陽,李相鎬 건국대학교 동물자원연구센터 1993 動物資源硏究誌 Vol.18 No.-

1992년 3월부터 1992년 5월까지 자연적인 채광상태에서 溫度를 유지시킨 후 채취된 미꾸리 암컷의 腦下垂體, 肝 및 卵巢 組織의 번식주기에 일어나는 미세구조의 변화를 광학 및 투과형 전자현미경을 이용하여 살펴보고, 이것들의 相互 聯關性을 알기 위하여 본 연구를 실시하였다. 본 연구에서 얻어진 결과는 다음과 같다. 성숙된 개체의 뇌하수체는 수많은 작은 분비과립과 커다란 분비구 및 불규칙한 형태의 과립들이 관찰되었다. 핵소체가 핵막 주변에 위치헤 있는 후기 단계(LMO)의 난모세포가 난황이 축적되는 성숙초기 단계(EMO)의 난모세포로 변형되는 시기를 난황의 형성이 개시되는 시기로 본다. 난모세포가 성장함에 따라 핵소체의 크기와 난황과립의 수가 증가하게 된다. 난황과립은 결정상의 과립으로 난세포질에 치밀하지 않은 상태로 축적된다. 성숙초기(EMO) 및 말기단계(LMO)에 난소는 커지고 투명하며 과립형태로서 색깔이 연노란색을 나타낸다. 따라서 난 내부를 쉽게 관찰할 수 있다. 방사대(ZR)는 성숙초기단계(EMO)에 단층으로부터 입방형태로 변화된다. 과립막 세포와 난모세포로 부터 유래된 미세융모는 난황형성이 진행되는 동안에 성장하게 되며, 방사대의 pore canals의 구멍을 통해서 서로 연결되어 있다. 따라서 외부로부터 물질의 이동이 있게 된다. 난모세포가 완전하게 성숙되어 방사대가 단단해 지면 미세융모는 그 기능이 상실된다. This study was undertaken to understand the development stages of pituitary gland, liver and ovary of Korean loach(Misgurnus anguillicaudatus) under natural circumstances from March to May 1922. Expecially, the light microscopic and ultrastructural changes of ooplasm and follicular membranes of oocytes, were observed by light and transmission electron microscope during the reproductive cycle. In pituitary gland of mature individuals, there were observed a number of secretory granules,large globules, and irregular masses.The vitellogenic phase began as these late perinucleolus oocytes became transformed into early maturing oocytes through the accumulation of yolk. The size of the nucleoli and number of the yolk granules increased as the oocyte growed. Yolk granules were loosely deposited in the oocyte as crystalline granules. Due to the presence of early and late maturing oocytes, their ovaries were enlarged transparent, granular and yellowish in color. Zona radiata change a squamous into cuboid shape in EMO stage. Microvilli from the granulosa cells and from the oocyte grow and make contact with each other in the pore canals of the zona radiata during vitellogenesis, but are withdrawn as the zona radiata becomes more compact during oocyte maturation.

Gonadal Development, Spawning and Plasma Sex Steroid Levels of the Indoor Cultured Grunt, Hapalogenys nitens

Kang, Hee Woong,Cho, Jae-Kwon,Son, Maeng-Hyun,Park, Jong Youn,Hong, Chang Gi,Chung, Jae Seung,Chung, Ee-Yung The Korean Society of Developmental Biology 2015 발생과 생식 Vol.19 No.1

The gonadosomatic index (GSI), gonadal development and changes in hormones in plasma level of the indoor cultured grunt (Hapalogenys nitens) were investigated by histological study from August 2011 to October 2012. The GSI showed similar trends with gonad developmental stages during the culture periods. Changes in plasma level of estradiol-$17{\beta}$ of female H. nitens reached the highest value before the spawning period, and seasonal changes in plasma level of estradiol-$17{\beta}$ were similar in trends of oocyte developments and GSI changes. Testosterone levels of male H. nitens reached the highest value before and after the spent stage. Ovarian developmental stages of H. nitens could be classified into early growing stage, late growing stage, mature stage, ripe and spawning stage, recovery and resting stage. The testicular developmental stages could be divided into growing stage, mature stage, ripe and spent stage, and recovery and resting stage.

사이클링 선수의 슬관절각에 따른 하지동작의 운동학적 분석

류창엽,최성진,박종진,강순용 한국운동역학회 2001 한국운동역학회지 Vol.11 No.3

This study set out to evaluate the appropriateness of the height of a cycle saddle which was usually set based on a cyclist's experience and simple judgment. For this purpose, there was aroused a need to study what a cyclist's leg movements were according to the knee joint angle, that is, to study how a cyclist's leg joint angles and angular velocity would change at each pedaling. Seven male college cyclists were selected, and their pedaling movements were divided into four phases. The images were taped at 60fields/sec, using two video cameras. The KWON 3D 2.1 program was adopted to calculate and synchronize the 3D coordinates values which were calculated with DLT(Direct Liner Transformation), in order to analyze kinematical factors. The results were as follows: 1) There was found no difference between foot joint angles according to changes of knee joint angles in each phase. But it became clear that Phase 1 and 2 where the foot angle got bigger were the area where the foot joint was expanded and that Phase 3 and 4 where the foot angle got smaller were the area where the foot joint was bent. Accordingly, the area which gives a great indirect impact to the changes of foot joint angles is considered to be the first part of Phase 3 at which point the cycle of pedaling starts. 2) In terms of the difference of foot joint angular velocity according to knee joint angles, there was found a relatively stable deceleration in the decelerating area(Phase 3 and 4) while you could detect faster changes in the acceleration area(Phase 1 and 2) than in the decelerating area. 3) The changes in the angle difference of knee joints according to each knee joint angle showed almost similar patterns for every knee joint. But the patterns had the graph model of the opposite shape to that of the angle difference of foot joints. 4) The research went on to see what kind of difference the knee joint angle made as knee joint angular velocity changed. The changes were unlike the foot joint angular velocity and thus showed relatively slow deceleration and acceleration. And the higher the saddle was set, the bigger the difference of the angular velocity was. 5) The difference of hip joint angles according to knee joint angles made a graph pattern which showed no big correlation with the height of a saddle. 6) In considering how hip joint angular velocity would change according to knee joint angles, the higher a saddle was set, the bigger angular velocity was found in Phase 1 and 2, the area of joint expansion and the smaller angular velocity in Phase 3 and 4, the area of joint bending. Comparisons and analysis were made based on the results above mentioned. The conclusion was that the lower a saddle which was one of the three experiment conditions was set, the smoother the pedaling turned and the bigger the angular velocity was resulted. In other words, when you take a long road cycling with your saddle fixed at a little lower height than the average one, you will consume less physical strength and expect better performance.

Annual Change and C:N:P ratio in Particulate Organic Matter in Chinhae Bay, Korea

이필용,강창근,박종수,박주석,LEE, PIL-YONG,KANG, CHANG-KEUN,PARK, JONG-SOO,PARK, JOO-SUCK The Korean Society of Oceanography 1994 韓國海洋學會誌 Vol.29 No.2

An investigation of the annual change and C:N:P ratio in particulate organic matter (POM) in Chinhae Bay, a semi-enclosed bay of the southern coast of Korean Peninsula, was carried out for a period of 12 months between January and December, 1993. The concentrations of POM have a broad range: 198∼4,416 ugC/l, 24∼792 ugN/l and 4.5∼69.0 ugP/l, Marked seasonal changes of POM, particularly particulate organic carbon (POC) and nitrogen (PON), were observed in the surface water. Generally, the concentration of POM peaks in summer. The C:N:P composition ratio of particulate organic matter, which is high in summer, also shows a seasonal change. The C:N assimilation ratio is constant at 6.53, which is consistent with the Redfield ratio. The significant linear relationship between POM and chlorophyll-a in the surface water during the survey period (except for January and February) and the C:N ratio suggest that the concentration of POM is controlled by phytoplankton biomass. POM peaks in summer, a period characterized by high freshwater input and the strong stratification, as a result of the intense proliferation of phytoplankton by a large amount of nutrient loading from the tributaries. On the other hand, the high C:P and N:P ratios in summer indicate that P is limited for phytoplankton growth owing to N-enrichment from a high input of freshwater with a high dissolved inorganic N:P ratio.

Characterization of changes in global gene expression in the brain of neuron-specific enolase/human Tau23 transgenic mice in response to overexpression of Tau protein.

Woo, Jong-Min,Park, So Jung,Kang, Ho Il,Kim, Byoung Guk,Shim, Sun Bo,Jee, Seung Wan,Lee, Su Hae,Sin, Ji Soon,Bae, Chang Joon,Jang, Mee Kyung,Cho, Chunghee,Hwang, Dae Youn,Kim, Chuel Kyu D.A. Spandidos 2010 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR MEDICINE Vol.25 No.5

<P>Tau is a neuronal phosphoprotein responsible for the formation of the neurofibrillary tangles in Alzheimer's disease. To characterize the changes in global gene expression in the brain of transgenic mice that overexpress human Tau23 protein in response to the increase of Tau23 phosphorylation, total RNA extracted from the hippocampus of 12-month-old transgenic and wild-type mice was converted to cDNA, labeled with biotin and hybridized to oligonucleotide microarrays. The microarray results were confirmed by real-time RT-PCR and Western blotting method. It was determined that 43 genes were up-regulated and 8 genes were down-regulated by Tau23 in transgenic mice compared to controls, based on the arbitrary difference in the 2-fold change. Among the up-regulated transcripts, those encoding for transporter and oxidoreductase were dramatically over-represented, followed by those related to regulatory molecule, cytoskeletal protein, signaling molecule, and extracellular matrix protein. Genes encoding for transcription factor, regulatory molecule, miscellaneous function, and chaperone were significantly reduced in the down-regulated group. The major genes in the up-regulated categories included Ecrg4, Folr1, Defb11, Aqp1 and Soctdc1. The major genes in the down-regulated categories were Ncor1, Gpm6a, and Hspd1. These results indicate that the microarray analysis identifies several gene functional groups and individual genes that respond to a sustained increase in Tau23 phosphorylation levels in the brain of transgenic mice. In addition, the results suggest the microarray test is a useful tool for increased understanding of the role of Tau23 protein in regulating neurodegenerative disorders.</P>

Ischemia-Related Changes in Galanin Expression in the Dentate Hilar Region after Transient Forebrain Ischemia in Gerbils

LEE, Hyeon Yong,HWANG, In Koo,KIM, Dae Ho,KIM, Jung Hwa,KIM, Chang Ho,LIM, Beong Ou,KANG, Tae-Cheon,BANG, Kyung Hwan,SEONG, Nak Sul,LEE, Hak Ju,KIM, Jong Dai,WON, Moo Ho Japanese Association for Laboratory Animal Science 2005 EXPERIMENTAL ANIMALS Vol.54 No.1

<P>Although galanin (GAL) protects hippocampal neurons from ischemic damage, no study has examined ischemia-related changes in endogenous GAL in the hippocampal dentate gyrus. We investigated the chronological changes of GAL, well-known as the potassium channel opener, expression in the dentate gyrus at various times after 5 min of transient forebrain ischemia in gerbils. A few GAL-immunoreactive (IR) neurons were found in the polymorphic layer of the sham-operated group. Three hours after ischemia-reperfusion, the pattern of GAL immunoreactivity was similar to that of the sham-operated group and the number of GAL-IR neurons and immunoreactivity were highest 12 h after ischemic insult. At this time, GAL-IR neurons in the polymorphic layer showed strong GAL immunoreactivity. Thereafter, GAL-IR neurons and immunoreactivity significantly decreased in the dentate hilar region. Four days after ischemic insult, GAL-IR neurons were not detectable. In addition, the results of a Western blot study showed a pattern of GAL expression similar to the immunohistochemical changes. GAL protein content also was highest 12 h after ischemia. In conclusion, the increased expression of endogenous GAL in the dentate gyrus after ischemia is related to response to the ischemic damage.</P>

Clinical Experiences and Usefulness of Cervical Posterior Stabilization with Polyaxial Screw-Rod System

Hwang, In-Chang,Kang, Dong-Ho,Han, Jong-Woo,Park, In-Sung,Lee, Chul-Hee,Park, Sun-Young The Korean Neurosurgical Society 2007 Journal of Korean neurosurgical society Vol.42 No.4

Objective : The objective of this study is to investigate the safety, surgical efficacy, and advantages of a polyaxial screw-rod system for posterior occipitocervicothoracic arthrodesis. Methods : Charts and radiographs of 32 patients who underwent posterior cervical fixation between October 2004 and February 2006 were retrospectively reviewed. Posterior cervical polyaxial screw-rod fixation was applied on the cervical spine and/or upper thoracic spine. The surgical indication was fracture or dislocation in 18, C1-2 ligamentous injury with trauma in 5, atlantoaxial instability by rheumatoid arthritis (RA) or diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH) in 4, cervical spondylosis with myelopathy in 4, and spinal metastatic tumor in 1. The patients were followed up and evaluated based on their clinical status and radiographs at 1, 3, 6 months and 1 year after surgery. Results : A total of 189 screws were implanted in 32 patients. Fixation was carried out over an average of 3.3 spinal segment (range, 2 to 7). The mean follow-up interval was 20.2 months. This system allowed for screw placement in the occiput, C1 lateral mass, C2 pars, C3-7 lateral masses, as well as the lower cervical and upper thoracic pedicles. Satisfactory bony fusion and reduction were achieved and confirmed in postoperative flexion-extension lateral radiographs and computed tomography (CT) scans in all cases. Revision surgery was required in two cases due to deep wound infection. One case needed a skin graft due to necrotic change. There was one case of kyphotic change due to adjacent segmental degeneration. There were no other complications, such as cord or vertebral artery injury, cerebrospinal fluid leak, screw malposition or back-out, or implant failure, and there were no cases of postoperative radiculopathy due to foraminal stenosis. Conclusion : Posterior cervical stabilization with a polyaxial screw-rod system is a safe and reliable technique that appears to offer several advantages over existing methods. Further biomechanical testings and clinical experiences are needed in order to determine the true benefits of this procedure.

Gonadal Development, Spawning and Plasma Sex Steroid Levels of the Indoor Cultured Grunt, Hapalogenys nitens

Hee Woong Kang,Jae-Kwon Cho,Maeng-Hyun Son,Jong Youn Park,Chang Gi Hong,Jae Seung Chung,Ee-Yung Chung 한국발생생물학회 2015 발생과 생식 Vol.19 No.1

The gonadosomatic index (GSI), gonadal development and changes in hormones in plasma level of the indoor cultured grunt (Hapalogenys nitens) were investigated by histological study from August 2011 to October 2012. The GSI showed similar trends with gonad developmental stages during the culture periods. Changes in plasma level of estradiol-17β of female H. nitens reached the highest value before the spawning period, and seasonal changes in plasma level of estradiol-17β were similar in trends of oocyte developments and GSI changes. Testosterone levels of male H. nitens reached the highest value before and after the spent stage. Ovarian developmental stages of H. nitens could be classified into early growing stage, late growing stage, mature stage, ripe and spawning stage, recovery and resting stage. The testicular developmental stages could be divided into growing stage, mature stage, ripe and spent stage, and recovery and resting stage.

홍대앞 커피전문점의 입지성향에 관한 실증분석

진창종(Jin, Chang-Jong),박현신(Park, Hyun-Shin),강준모(Kang, Jun-Mo) 한국도시설계학회 2012 도시설계 : 한국도시설계학회지 Vol.13 No.5

본 연구는 급격하게 증가하고 있는 젊은층의 흡인요인인 커피전문점에 대한 입지패턴을 분석하고 입지환경 요인을 파악하여 젊은층이 선호하는 용도인 커피전문점의 계획적 입지방안 및 합리적 공간이용의 방안을 제안하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 연구결과를 정리하면 다음과 같다. 첫째. 홍대앞 커피전문점은 2009년부터 2011년까지 양적으로 증가하였다. 표준편차타원체 분석결과 입지방향성은 바뀌지 않았으며 중심점 또한 변화가 없었다. 둘째, 최근린지수 분석을 통해 커피전문점의 분포가 군집성향을 띄는 것을 정량적으로 도출할 수 있었다. 핫스팟 분석을 통해 국지적인 군집영역을 도출한 결과 홍대앞 커피전문점은 대로변보다는 이면가로를 중심으로, 역 주변 보다는 역에서 떨어진 곳을 중심으로 군집하는 패턴을 보이고 있었다. 셋째, 홍대앞 커피전문점 입지패턴의 형성요인을 알아보기 위해 커피전문점의 입지환경 영향요인분석을 실시하였다. 분석결과 홍대앞 커피전문점은 반경 100m이내에 근린생활시설이 많을수록, 건축물용도의 혼합도가 높을수록, 도로의 폭이 좁을수록, 규모가 작은 상업시설이 많은 곳에 군집하는 경향을 보였다. 또한 이러한 군집성향이 지가와는 관계가 없음을 규명하여 홍대앞 커피전문점이 단순히 임대료에 의한 입지보다는 지역적 특성에 영향을 받는다는 것을 유추할 수 있었다. This research focuses on developing design guidelines for planning the locations and the rational space-use of cafes. And, it analyses the locational patterns and the environmental factors of cafes increasing rapidly around Hongik University. The results are as follows. First, the number of cafes around this area increased steadily from 2009 to 2011. According to the analysis of Standard-Deviation-Ellipsoid, the directional distribution and the mean centre did not change. Furthermore, the spatial distribution of cafes tended to cluster together around several area through the quantitative analysis of Nearest-Neighborhood-Index. According to the regional cluster of cafes around Hongik University through Hot-Spot analysis, they tended to cluster together along back road rather than main road and far from underground stations rather than around them. Finally, this research analysed environmental factors which had influenced locational patterns of cafes near Hongik University. The result shows that more community facilities within a 100-meter radius, higher mixing of building uses, narrower right-of-way streets, and concentration of small commercial stores lead to increasing the number of coffer shops. In addition, the result shows that the cluster tendency of them was influenced by various kinds of regional characteristics rather than land prices.

TRANSIENT ISCHEMIA-INDUCED EXPRESSION AND CHANGES OF TYROSINE KINASE A IN THE HIPPOCAMPAL DENTATE GYRUS OF THE GERBIL

HWANG, IN,LEE, HYEON,YOO, KI-YEON,KIM, DAE,KIM, JUNG,KIM, CHANG,LIM, BEONG,KANG, TAE-CHEON,BANG, KYUNG,SEONG, NAK,LEE, HAK,KIM, JONG,WON, MOO Taylor Francis 2006 International journal of neuroscience Vol.116 No.8

<P>The present study examined ischemia-related changes in tyrosine kinase A (trkA) immunoreactivity and its protein content in the dentate gyrus after 5 min of transient forebrain ischemia in gerbils. One day after ischemic insult, cresyl violet-positive polymorphic cells showed ischemic degeneration. The ischemia-induced changes in trkA immunoreactivity were found in the polymorphic layer (PL) and granule cell layer (GCL) of the dentate gyrus. In the sham-operated group, trkA immunoreactivity in the dentate gyrus was very weak. From 30 min after ischemia, trkA immunoreactivity was increased in the dentate gyrus and peaked in the dentate gyrus at 12 h after ischemia-reperfusion. Thereafter, trkA immunoreactivity was decreased time-dependently after ischemia-reperfusion. Four days after ischemic insult, trkA immunoreactivity was similar to that of the sham-operated group. In addition, it was found that ischemia-related changes in trkA protein content were similar to the immunohistochemical changes. These results suggest that the chronological changes of trkA in the dentate gyrus after transient forebrain ischemia may be associated with ischemic damage in polymorphic cells of the dentate gyrus.</P>