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자외선의 조사간격이 브로일러 병아리의 볏 피부중 비타민 D₃함량에 미치는 영향
조인호,장윤환,이은택,여영수,배은경,김중달 한국축산학회 1994 한국축산학회지 Vol.36 No.1
This study was conducted to determine the content, of previtamin D₃(PreD₃), lumisterol₃(L₃), vitamin D₃(VD₃) and provitamin D₃(ProD₃) in comb skski of broiler chicks exposed to medium ware ultraviolet(UVB) lights in different interval. The broiler Hubbard line day old chicks(199 = 10 control + 3 irradiation interval × 9 elapsed time × 7 replica) were fed vitamin D deficient diet for 3 weeks in a windowless subdued light room and exposed to 297 ㎚ UVB light by 0.068 mJ/㎝-(10 min) three times in 0, 12 or 24 h interval. The comb skin were taken at 0, 6, 12, 18, 24, 48, 96, 144 or 240 h after last irradiation, and epidermis and dermis were separated. The lipid in sample was extracted by 9% ethyl acetate/hexane and purified by Sep-Pak silica catridge. The stright phase HPI-C was applied to analyze the concentration of Prop; and its photoproducts. When chicks were exposed once to UVB light for 30 min without interval, the mole % of ProD₃ in comb epidermis were 100% at control and 52.65% at 0 h after irradiation, thereafter it increased gradually to 88.17% at 240 h. PreD₃ and L₃ presented the maximum mole % at 0 h. VD₃ showed the peak value at 12 h. then decreased slowly. As UVB light was utilized to irradiate the chicks for 10 thin three times in 12 h interval, the ProD₃ mole portion in epidermis at 0 h was 76.4%, the lowest value among tested. PreD₃ and 1-3 preserved the highest level at 24 and 0 h, respectively, thereafter decreased gradully. VD₃ showed a peak at 6 h after exposure. When 24 h interval system was treated, the lowest value of ProD₃ 83.52% was appeared at 0 h. PreD₃ and L3 showed the highest level at 6 and 0 h, respectively. Mole ale of VD₃ had a peak value at 6 h and thin decreased. The mole % of ProD₃ and its photoproduets in comb dermis presented similar trends of time course variation as in those in epidermis. In respecting the method of UVB irradiation the PreD₃, L, and VDT were produced more quickly and largely in no intend system as compared to the time and amount produced in 12 or 24 h interval system.
자외선의 상이한 선량이 브로일러 병아리의 중족골 광물질 함량에 미치는 영향
조인호,장윤환,여영수,강훈석,김강수,배은경 한국축산학회 1994 한국축산학회지 Vol.36 No.2
This study was carried out to investigate the concentrations of Ca, P and ash in the metatarsus of broiler chicks exposed to 0.204 mJ/㎠ 30 min) or 0.409 mJ/㎠(60 min) of medium wave ultraviolet(UVB) fight. Eighty two Hubbard dayold broiler chicks(2 doses × 9 elapsed times × 4 replicate + 10 negative controls) were fed vitamin D(VD)deficient diets for 31 days in a windowless subdued light room. The metatarsus were collected at 0, 6, 12, 18, 30, 42, 66, 90, or 138 h after UVB irradiation. The metatarsus bones were separated from adhering tissue, ether extracted, dried and ashed(A.O.A.C., 1984). The Ca content in non-fat dry metatarsus was measured by atomic absorption spectrophotometry and P by urnmonium metavanadate colorimetry. The mean Ca concentration in metatarsus of negative control birds was 21 %, and those of chicks exposed to UVB light for 30 and 60 min were 30 and 38%, respectively with the maximum values at 42 h after irradiation. Thereafter, the Ca contents decreased throughout the l38 h period of this research. The mean P level of control chicks was 8.5%, and the level peaked at 15% (30 min treatment) and 11%(60 min) at 66 h after exposure. The decreasing trend continued later than 66 h. This mean ash content of the control group was 43% with the ash contents of the 0.204 mJ/㎠(30 min) and 0.409 mJ/㎠(60 min) groups decreasing slightly until 42 h, but increasing to 46%(30 min) and 47%(60 min) at l38 h after irradiation. This verified that Ca and P contents increased first and ash amount increased later in metatarsal bones of broiler chicks when they were exposed to 0.204 and 0.409 mJ/㎠ UVB light. Since there was not a big difference between minerals in metatarsal bones of chicks exposed to 0.204 or 0.409 mJ/㎠ UVB light, it was thought that further experiments would be necessary to elucidate the optimum dose of UVB light less than 0.204 mJ/㎠.
가루, 크럼블 및 펠렛사료 급여가 브로일러육의 이화학적특성에 미치는 영향
조헌조,강신곤,차용호,김병기,우선창,여영수 한국동물자원과학회 2002 한국축산학회지 Vol.44 No.5
본 시험은 대형육계에 있어서 생산체계를 조사하기 위하여 영양수준(2∼3주령, ME 2,843㎉/㎏, 체 19.46%; 4∼6주령, ME 3,072㎉/㎏, 체 17.85%; 7∼8주령, ME 3,109㎉/㎏, 체 17.26%)에 따른 사료가공형태(대조구: 가루→크럼블→펠렛 ; 처리1구 : 가루→크럼블→펠렛 ; 처리2구 : 크럼블→크럼블→펠렛 ; 처리3구 : 펠렛→펠렛→펠렛)로 활성탄(1%)을 혼합첨가하여 8주(56일간)동안 실험한 결과는 다음과 같다. 계육의 일반성분에서 조단백질 함량이 22.22∼23.40%였고, 조지방 함량은 0.30∼0.45% 범위로서 처리구가 낮았으며, 특히 처리2구는 0.28로서 가장 낮았다(P<0.05). 계육의 가열감량은 대조구가 높은 경향이었고, 전단력과 pH는 처리3구가(1.21㎏, 5.85) 낮은 경향이었다. 육색에서 명도(L)는 대조구와 처리2구가 가장 밝았고, 적색도(a)는 0.19∼0.85의 범위였고, 황색도(b)는 처리1구가 가장 낮았다. 관능검사와 조직감, 향미에서 시험구간에서는 유의차는 없었다(P<0.05). 지방산에서의 myristic acid와 arachidoic acid는 처리1구가, oleic acid과 지방의 불포화도가 처리2구가 가장 높았다(P<0.05). 또한 아미노산에서 cystine, glutamic acid, valine, iso-leucine, leucine, lysine, arginine은 처리1구와 처리2구가 다른 처리구보다 높게 나타났다(P<0.05). This study was conducted to investigate the effect of nutrient level (metabolizable energy and crude protein, 2,843㎉/㎏ and 19.46% at 2 to 3 week, 3,072㎉/㎏ and 18.38% at 4 to 6 week, 3,109㎉/㎏ and 17.26% at 7 to 8 week, respectively, and feeding form was ground → crumble → pellet in control, ground → crumble → pellet in treatment 1, crumble → crumble → pellet in treatment 2, pellet → pellet → pellet in treatment 3 for broiler during 8 weeks. Also the effects of supplemented with charcoal(1%) in total mixed treatment feed was investigated. The crude protein, crude fat in broiler meat range from 22.22∼23.40%, and 0.30∼0.45%, respectively. Especially, treatment 2 was lower than other treatment (P<0.05). The heating loss tend to be increased at control. Shear force and pH tend to be decreased at T3(1.21㎏, 5.89). Control and T2 were significantly lighter in color (“L”) than the T1 and the “a” ranged from 0.19∼0.85 and T1 was the lowest “b” among other treatment. The panel test, texture, Aroma were not significantly among the an experimental group (P<0.05). Myristic acid and arachidonic acid of T1 was significantly higher than that other treatment and oleic acid, U/S(unsaturated/ saturated) rate T2 was significantly higher than other experimental group(P<0.05). Among amino acid, cystine, glutamic acid, valine, iso-leucine, leucine, lysine, arginine in T1 and T2 was higher than control and T3.
상이 (相異) 한 선량의 자외선을 조사한 브로일러 병아리에 있어서 간장 비타민 D 농도의 경시적 변화
장윤환(Y . H . Chiang),강훈석(H . S . Kang),여영수(Y . S . Yeoh),김강수(K . S . Kim),조인호(I . H . Cho),배은경(E . K . Bae) 한국축산학회 1992 한국축산학회지 Vol.34 No.5
This study was carried out to elucidate the time course variation of liver vitamin D(VD) concentration of broiler Hubbard chicks fed VD-deficient diet for 31 days in a subdued light room and exposed to UVB light(maximum intensity at 297 nm) with dose of 0.204 or 0.408 mJ/㎠. The lipid in liver was extracted by chloroform-methanol (2:1) and VD fraction was separated by Sep-Pak silica cartridge. The VD contents were analyzed by normal phase HPLC. The control birds received no UVB irradiation showed the liver VD level of 5 ng/g. When 0.204 mJ/㎠ was treated to whole body of chicks, the liver VD level tended to increase until 90 hrs after irradiation, where the maximum value of 11 ng/g appeared. A decreased level of ng/g was present at 138 hrs after exposure. The peak value (16 ng/g) was shown also at 90 hrs after UVB treatment when 0.408 mJ/㎠ was applied. A low level of 5 ng/g was present at 138 hrs after irradiation. Consequently it was verified that 0.408 mJ/㎠ of UVB treatment produced more VD in liver of broiler chicks than the 0.204 mJ/㎠ did, and the highest level of liver VD appeared at 90 hrs after exposure.
브로일러 병아리의 등 피부에 312 mm 자외선 조사시 상이한 선량이 혈장내 비타민 D3 함량에 미치는 영향
장윤환(Y . H . Chiang),원지웅(J . W . Won),강훈석(H . S . Kang),김강수(K . S . Kim),여영수(Y . S . Yeoh) 한국축산학회 1992 한국축산학회지 Vol.34 No.3
This study was conducted to elucidate the effect of different dose of 312 nm UV light on plasma vitamin D₃(D₃) content of 3 week old broiler chicks. The 0.32, 0.65 or 0.98 J/㎠ of dose was applied on dosal skin of birds and blood samples were collected day 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 after UV exposure. The plasma was isolated and D₃ concentrations were analyzed by HPLC. When dorsal skin was exposed to 0.32 J/㎠ of UV dose, the mean plasma D₃ content was 24 ng/㎖ immediately after irradiation and 46 ng/㎖ (peak) at day one after exposure. The D₃ level tended to decrease until day 5 (10 ng/㎖). As 0.65 J/㎠ of UV dose was treated, the D₃ concentrations were 20, 22, 37, 14, 29 and 10 ng/㎖ at day 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 after irradiation, respectively. When 0.98 J/㎠ dose was applied, the plasma D₃ levels were 25, 25 and 34 ng/㎖ at day 0, 1 and 2, respectively and decreased thereafter. Consequently it was shown that the treatment of 0.32 J/㎠ produced more D₃ in chick plasma than 0.65 or 0.98 J/㎠ did (P$lt;.05).
T.J. Whitcher,K.H. Yeoh,C.L. Chua,K.L. Woon,N. Chanlek,H. Nakajima,T. Saisopa,P. Songsiriritthigul 한국물리학회 2014 Current Applied Physics Vol.14 No.3
The work function of indium tin oxide (ITO) was increased by treating ITO with dichlorobenzene with UV light. Carbon contamination of the Cl-ITO was measured using X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) and argon ion sputtering was used to remove the carbon from the surface. It was found that the carbon contamination from residual dichlorobenzene significantly lowered the work function of the ITO and after argon ion sputtering the work function increased to 5.8 eV. It was found that chlorination of ITO occurs after more than 6 min of UV exposure. Further sputtering of ITO resulted in the removal of the functionalized chlorine, the introduction of argon ion contaminants on the ITO decreases its work function.